【TPO小站】托福聽力完全自學(xué)講義_非常詳細(xì)

1、 新托福強(qiáng)化聽力講義新托福考試聽力部分介紹1. 新托福和舊托福的對(duì)比 2. 題量，時(shí)間，分?jǐn)?shù) 3. 題目的考查形式考場環(huán)境：獨(dú)立電腦，耳機(jī)，鉛筆，草稿本 電腦環(huán)境：圖片，視頻，聲音，板書 新題型：雙選題，重聽題，表格配對(duì)題 答題時(shí)間：總時(shí)間限制，每題分配時(shí)間不限 答題流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章結(jié)構(gòu)：刪除了舊托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于對(duì)于能力的考查文章長度：比舊托福長文章語速：無所謂快慢，比舊托福更加貼近真實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)生活 文章類型：對(duì)話，獨(dú)白，討論CONVERSATION 文章思路 LECTURE 文章思路 5. 新托?？荚囶}型概述 6. 界面展示 7. IBT 新托福資

2、料說明聽力部分 托福聽力中的九大語音問題1. 語速問題托福聽力過程中的語速問題 如何解決語速問題2. 連讀問題托福聽力過程中的連讀問題（1） 關(guān)鍵性詞語出現(xiàn)連讀：否定形式 not at all：The meeting yesterday wasnt at all boring.（2） 常用性詞語出現(xiàn)連讀 for him連讀中的基本規(guī)則（1） 輔音+元音連讀 I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field ofa summer stride. Not at all. Rush hour. This dictionary is not

3、 exactly what I wanted but it will do. Travel agency, travel agent（2） 輔音+輔音連讀 Some money, bike key （3） 元音+元音連讀 Be on time An apple a day keeps the doctor away（4） H 連讀 I lent him a book. Larry is taking a lot of art, isnt he? The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. I must have left my keys

4、 at my sisters house. She learned to use the computer on her own.（5） 其他特殊連讀 【t 】+【j 】=【ch 】：meet you, hurt you, that your 【d 】+【j 】=【dg 】：would you, hand your, did you 【s 】+【j 】=【sh 】：miss you, this year 【z 】+【j 】=【g 】：as usual, because you Example: won t you, don t you, didn t you, haven tyou, hadn

5、t you, wouldnt you, werent you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, I use your, hows your如何解決連讀問題 3. 失爆問題托福聽力過程中的失爆問題：【p 】，【b 】，【t 】，【d 】，【k 】，【g 】任意兩個(gè)連續(xù)出現(xiàn)就會(huì)發(fā)生失爆現(xiàn)象 Sit down, good night, friendly -this calculator isnt working right.-I think youve got the battery

6、in upside down.如何解決失爆問題4. 略讀問題托福聽力過程中的略讀問題：書寫時(shí)將兩個(gè)或多個(gè)相鄰的單詞省略某些字母而連接起來 I am = Im, you have = youve, how is = hows, that would =that d Doesn t, didn t, shouldn t, hadn t, hasn t, wouldn t,won t Official guide P199：OK. So weve talked about some differenttypes of root systems of plants, and Ive shown you

7、 some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root systemthe depth.如何解決略讀問題 Im, youre, shes, theyre, theres, hes, whos We ve, hell, shed, shell, shes, theyd, theyve, theyll Can t, werent, wont, arent, wouldnt, shouldnt Gotta, gonna5. 弱讀問

8、題托福聽力過程中的弱讀問題 （1） 介詞弱化： stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in thehouse, a cup of coffee, the train to Paris（2） 代詞弱化： Phone us when you are free. Ive lost my book.（3） 連詞弱化： Please give me some cream and sugar. Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解決弱讀問題6. 英美音差異問題托福聽力過程中的英美音問題 （1） 【r 】音問題 Idea

9、, really They werent at the dorm last night. (A They went to the dormitory. (B They didnt go to the dormitory. -The snow is really coming down, isnt it? -Rarely do we have so much snow in December. -What does the man mean?(A it is typical December weather for this region.(B such a large amount of sn

10、ow is unusual for this month.（2） 【o 】【a:】 Glass, class, fast Hot, box, rock（3） 其他情況 Neither如何解決英美音問題 常見易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea,worse-was, bore-ball, door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot 不加兒化音的詞：China, Australia, banana, wall 常見英美音不同讀法：Neither, either, record, cupboa

11、rd, cassette,garage, laboratory, adult, ordinary, secretary, dictionary7. 詞性變音問題托福聽力過程中的詞性變音問題 Method- methodically 校園詞匯的變音：meteorology, economics, geography 如何解決詞性變音問題 8. Company-companion, library-librarian,geography-geographical,ignore-ignorant, photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaratio

12、n,economy-economic-economical,invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical縮寫問題 托福聽力過程中的縮寫問題 Sitcom Chem lab prof如何解決詞性縮寫問題 Intro. Course = introductory course 導(dǎo)論性課 Demo =demonstration 演示 Memo = memorandum 備忘錄 Info. = Information信息 Expo = exposition 博覽會(huì) Chem.= chemistry化學(xué) Comm. = commerc

13、e 商業(yè) Tech = technology技術(shù) Ad.= advertisement 廣告 Dorm = dormitory寢室 M.A. = Master of Arts 文學(xué)碩士 M.S. = Master ofScience 理學(xué)碩士 B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文學(xué)士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理學(xué)士 alga = algebra 代數(shù)學(xué)、代數(shù) anat = anatomy 解剖學(xué)、解剖 archit = architecture 建筑學(xué)、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算術(shù)、算術(shù) astron = astronomy 天文學(xué)、天

14、文 eng = engineering工程學(xué)、工程 electr = electricity電學(xué)、電 fin = finance財(cái)政學(xué)、財(cái)政 geol = geology地質(zhì)學(xué)、地質(zhì) geom = geometry幾何學(xué)、幾何 gram = grammar文法 hist = history歷史、史 ling = linguistics語言學(xué)、語言 maths = mathematics數(shù)學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué) mech = mechanics 機(jī)械學(xué)、機(jī)械 med = medical醫(yī)學(xué)、醫(yī) met = meteorology氣象學(xué)、氣象 myth = mythology 神話 phil = philoso

15、phy哲學(xué) phon = phonetics 語言學(xué)、語言 photo = photography攝影術(shù)、攝影 phys = physics物理學(xué)、物理 physiol = physiology生理學(xué)、生理 pol = politics政治學(xué)、政治 psych = psychology心理學(xué)、心理9. 數(shù)字問題托福聽力過程中的數(shù)字問題 What is the length of each of these rivers? 如何解決詞性數(shù)字問題 逗號(hào)原則 1,234,567,890: : surpass, exceed :less than : equal to, the same as : d

16、ifference : increase, promote, enhance, improve : decrease, fall, worsen : plus, add, besides, moreover : minus, deduct, except : result in, lead to : originate from, date back to : correct, good, positive, affirmative ×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative : outstanding, elite : because, owing to,

17、thanks to, since, as : therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence : total, amount : government縮寫 able BL: PRBL， RSBL ， DBL ing G: SHPG tion N: OPTN， NAN ment T: AGRMT ize Z: RCGNZ， OGNZ tive TV: EFCTV， ful FL: SCFL lessLS: RGDLS ent/antT: URGT al/ialL: ARVL練習(xí)Sample Script: American universities

18、 have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelors degrees and masters degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educati

19、onal one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses aproblem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading infor

20、mation.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes. 新托福聽力文章套路1. 托福聽力中的重點(diǎn)原則原則一

21、：大寫原則原則二：開頭結(jié)尾原則：3T-2M 原則 原則三：重復(fù)原則 原則四：轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比原則 原則五：強(qiáng)調(diào)原則 原則六：比較原則 原則七：建議原則 原則八：舉例原則 原則九：現(xiàn)在原則 原則十：解釋原則 原則十一：因果原則 原則十二：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度原則 原則十三：特殊問句原則 2. 舉例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1CONVERSATION3. 舉例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2LECTURE 新托福聽力場景匯總之CONVERSATION 篇 新托福聽力場景匯總之CONVERSATION 篇1. 課程相關(guān)事務(wù)場景場景特點(diǎn)：主要涉及到一些和課程相關(guān)

22、事項(xiàng)的解決方法。一定以conversation 出現(xiàn)，常見話題有：安排考試，調(diào)課事宜，課程輔助材料等。 常見套路：（1） 和考試相關(guān)：考試分?jǐn)?shù)；考試復(fù)習(xí)；安排考試；考試分?jǐn)?shù) （2） 和課程相關(guān)：課程目的；課程類型；課程形式，課程作業(yè) （3） 和作業(yè)相關(guān)：作業(yè)類型；作業(yè)方法；交作業(yè)相關(guān) （4） 和論文相關(guān)：論文的分?jǐn)?shù) 場景詞匯： Discussion, presentation, topic, lecture, good choice, slide, library,collection, check, librarian Report, office hour, submit, on disk

23、, hard copy, soft copy,computer, print, computer lab Project, ton of, cover, re-write, research data, information, input,complete Term paper, grade, complicated, terrible mistake, edited version,overtired, stressed, rushing against the clock, mark, draft, print, final paper, maintaining average, app

24、lication, drop, re-take, due, extention, discuss, check back, re-reading, submission Information, exam schedule, term, date, book, department,invigilator, sign up, sheet, bulletin board, faculty lounge, square, draft, dean, review, draw up, manually, consult, register Physiology 100, sophomore, seco

25、nd year course, first yearstudent, transfer, begin my first lecture, introduce, complete, approach, laws of physics and chemistry, process of life, vital force, philosophical approach, scientific experimentation Final exam, midterm, multiple choice question, essay question,comprehensive exam, the su

26、bject, review, textbook, class note, the final will count for 50% of your grade, research project, run into problems School bulletin, required writing course, first year student, thirdyear stuent, research paper, sign up, cover the entire process of writing a research paper, selecting topic, final f

27、ormat, presentation, hand in, assignment, final grade Class meeting, lecture, different concept, hand in, issue, revision,grade Research paper, due, proposed topics, make comment, the mostfrequent problem, broad, preliminary outline, schedule, available, appointment, final outline, no more than two

28、pages long, thesis statement, precise statement, conclusion Workshop, intensive, techniques and skills, personal attention,register, advantage Consecutive summer, community center, seminar, workshop,beginning students, advanced students, last four weeks, credit is awarded, information Discuss, sched

29、ule, midterm, administer, attendance, optionalclass場景例題：2. 相關(guān)事務(wù)+專業(yè)討論場景場景特點(diǎn)：場景性開場白+中間專業(yè)內(nèi)容+場景性結(jié)尾。開頭老師常見的會(huì)有幾種寒暄，結(jié)尾老師會(huì)總結(jié)收?qǐng)?，中間的專業(yè)段落在專業(yè)場景中會(huì)涉及。 常見套路：（1） 開頭寒暄套路 （2） 結(jié)尾總結(jié)套路 場景詞匯：場景例題：見專業(yè)段落3. 選課場景場景特點(diǎn)：一類是學(xué)生和學(xué)生之間討論選課，一類是老師和學(xué)生之間討論選 課。開場白部分即可判定其為選課場景，文章內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)都相對(duì)固定。 常見套路：（1） 文章的主題：Why does the woma come to see the

30、 man? What isthe topic of the conversation? What is the main subject of the conversation?（2） 老師對(duì)學(xué)生的疑問：What does the professor concern about? 課程太難聽不懂 學(xué)生選課太多跟不上 學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)太差（3） 學(xué)生對(duì)自己情況的分析 （4） 關(guān)于退課和放棄課程（5） 文章結(jié)尾的延伸：What is the teacher going to do next? What isthe student going to do next? What does the studen

31、t feel at the end of the conversation?場景詞匯： Course, semester, summer session, elective, bird course, splendor,lecture hall, lab, tough decision, pick, choose, grade, relaxed, paper, final exam, advice, sign up Enquiry, credit course, off-campus, program, remote, access,internet, degree, distance edu

32、cation, diploma, requirement, format, print materials, audio-tapes, video, teleconferencing, deliver, cost, fixed date, history 490 Drop, fail, math 101, rough, test, med school Use your advice, do premed, introductory course, non-sciencemajor, be weak in, do poorly in, meet at the same time, modern

33、 drama course Semester, enroll in, graduate course, qualified, hard time keep up,favorite interest, challenging, easy grade Permission to register, take the prerequisite, the beginning course,catalog, instructor, previous experience, formal training, decision Signature, schedule card, advisors appro

34、val, quite a heavy load,drop the course, seminar Sign up for a noncredit course, intermediate level, grade, regularmeeting Transfer, bachelor s degree, associate, selective, letters ofrecommendation Hard course, rehearsal, extra time, once a week Flight program, degree, license, excellent reputation

35、, selective, 場景例題： 4. 遲到曠課場景場景特點(diǎn)：一個(gè)學(xué)生由于遲到或者曠課而向另外一個(gè)學(xué)生詢問上課的內(nèi)容。 常見套路：（1） 學(xué)生曠課遲到的理由：why was the man late for class? 車壞了 得病了 睡過了（2） 所缺課程的主題：what is the topic of the professor s leturewhich the man has missed?（3） 學(xué)生補(bǔ)課的套路（4） 結(jié)尾的保證：what does the man promise to do? 場景詞匯： feel good, cover, lecture, point out

36、, chapter, textbook, part, divide,project, focus, due, show up, note, transcribe, email oversleep, talk about trouble with my car, lecture series, attend, admission fill me in something, dentist, emergency, missed somebody slecture, note, make sense場景例題： 5. 轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)場景場景特點(diǎn)：學(xué)生想要轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)或者轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)，可以涉及的話題還包括轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)申請(qǐng)文書的寫作等

37、。 常見套路：（1） 學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)的理由？why does the student go to see theprofessor? Why does the professor consider unusual about the student s background?（2） 學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)的特殊情況 （3） 學(xué)生應(yīng)該怎樣去做 場景詞匯： Public university, private university, community college,reputation, class size, personal attention, individual attention, intera

38、ct, group discussion, tuition, expense, cost, afford, affordable, location, environment, large city, small town, college town, top student, application, experience, special6. 實(shí)驗(yàn)室場景場景特點(diǎn)：有些課是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室上的，就會(huì)涉及到實(shí)驗(yàn)室專門的詞匯和專業(yè)內(nèi)容背景。 常見套路：（1） 實(shí)驗(yàn)室課程的專門用語 （2） 實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備的專門用語 場景詞匯： Laboratory,researchprocedure,labassistant

39、,retrieveinformation, track the course, monitor, track the progress Lab instructor, lab experience, setup, equipment, result, grade, labnotebook, proper precautions, protective goggles, toxic effect of chemicals, lab procedure, heavy metal Workbook, material, experiment, available7. 圖書館場景場景特點(diǎn)：學(xué)生和圖書館

40、相關(guān)的場景，包括借書還書，圖書館設(shè)施，圖書館內(nèi)遇到的問題麻煩等。 常見套路：（1） 美國大學(xué)圖書館的基本制度 （2） 圖書館的基本部門設(shè)置和常見設(shè)施 （3） 借書還書相關(guān)以及遇到的各種問題 場景詞匯： Library, chek out, spread out, focus, jam, spot, crowd, comfy, faraway Due, finish, renew, check, library card, late, mixed up, request, fine,overdue, pay, process, sign, suspend, privilege Librarian

41、, facilities, reference room, reference material, dictionary,bibliography, literature guide, telephone book, periodical room, newspaper, magazine, academic journal, current issue, older issue, card catalog, listed by title, by author and by topic, call number return, shelves, check out, reserve book

42、, overnigh use secondhand bookstore, inscription, front cover, signature, poetrybook paperback section, index exit gate, check out reserve, additional copy, article 場景例題：8. 課堂內(nèi)容討論場景場景特點(diǎn)：學(xué)生課下對(duì)于課堂的某些問題的討論，可能涉及作業(yè)、教師等話題常見套路：（1） 討論課堂留下的作業(yè)。 （2） 討論老師教學(xué)質(zhì)量。（3） 涉及課堂內(nèi)容，比如學(xué)生沒有聽懂課下討論上課的某一問題。9. 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金場景場景特點(diǎn)：學(xué)生與獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金助學(xué)

43、金相關(guān)的問題咨詢工作人員。 常見套路：（1） 咨詢獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的種類（2） 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金授予的資格：What can be inferred aout the qualificationsto apply for bursaries?（3） 如何申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 （4） 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)的材料 （5） 申請(qǐng)到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的可能性（6） 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的網(wǎng)站：What is the student most likely to do after thisconversation?場景詞匯： Scholarship, bursary, department, information, financial aid,monetary, g

44、rant, determine, committee, donor, apply for, financially, in need, consider, out-of-town, requirement, website, on-line, submit, official, document, in person scholarship, available, maintain, average, mark, apply for,applicant, committee, honor, award, exam, candidate, weight, guarantee, grade poi

45、nt average (GPA, percent, website, address, rigorous, extra-curricular, hardship, achievement, letter of recommendation, fill, time consuming job, recommend, eligibility, enrolment 場景例題：10. 論文場景場景特點(diǎn)：學(xué)生與寫論文相關(guān)的問題和教授討論。內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)固定。 常見套路：（1） 論文題目選定（2） 論文中包括的資料查找：What information will the man include inhis

46、 report?（3） 老師對(duì)論文的后續(xù)服務(wù)：What does the professor offer to do forthe man?場景詞匯： Organize, essay, topic, chosen, broad, narrow it down, compare,focused, interested, begin, discussion, opinion, fact, support, idea, check, statistics, percentage, include, words, rough draft, outline, break down, subtopic,

47、office hour, reference, material Research paper, discuss, topic, recommend, theory, work progress Report, subject, catalog, published source, gather material Information, plagiarize, failing grade, gather, note, assimilate theinformation thoroughly, paraphrase, capture the mian idea, quote directly,

48、 finalize the research paper Draft, pass it out in our classes, clear up the problem 場景例題：11. 實(shí)地考查場景場景特點(diǎn)：指學(xué)生fieldtrip 野外實(shí)地考查的相關(guān)，或者外出的各種活動(dòng)，比如采訪等等。 常見套路：（1） Where? Fieldtrip的目的地（2） When? 要去多久？何時(shí)走？何時(shí)回？ （3） Who? 哪些人去？哪個(gè)年級(jí)去？ （4） How? 怎么去？ （5） Why? 目的是什么？（6） 注意事項(xiàng)，比如帶哪些東西，不帶哪些東西 場景詞匯： List, supply, on site

49、, kit, notebook, axe, glove, instrument,measure, clean, cancel, weather, clothes, outside, food, snack, transportation, transport, dig Trip leader, participate, report, field trip 場景例題：12. 體育運(yùn)動(dòng)場景場景特點(diǎn)：和學(xué)生體育運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)的場景。重點(diǎn)掌握美國大學(xué)生所進(jìn)行的常見 體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 常見套路：（1） 托福聽力中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目 （2） 每個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的標(biāo)志詞 （3） 每個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目所常提及的話題 （4） 每

50、個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的背景知識(shí) 場景詞匯： 場景例題： Spring cycling season, regular hobby, physical fitness routine,bicyclist, expert riders Endurance test, recreational cyclists, racers Ski patrol, ski patroller, safety Physical education class, rock climbing, rope, belt, buckle, safetyequipment, climbing trip13. 游玩場景場景特點(diǎn)：和學(xué)生出游

51、度假等有關(guān)?？梢栽O(shè)計(jì)度假旅游、周末休閑、郊游活動(dòng)、電影音樂會(huì)等話題。 常見套路：（1） 出游的目的 （2） 出游的具體計(jì)劃 （3） 出游的內(nèi)容 （4） 出游遇到的問題 場景詞匯： 場景例題： Break, racket, reserve a court Rock concert, vacation, weather14. 打工場景場景特點(diǎn)：一類是招工場景；一類是學(xué)生之間、學(xué)生和老師之間談?wù)摴ぷ鞯膱鼍啊?常見套路：（1） 托福中學(xué)生經(jīng)常從事的工作 Teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant 各種商業(yè)部門的工作 家庭服務(wù)性工作 與本專

52、業(yè)、或比較有趣的工作（2） 工作的內(nèi)容 （3） 申請(qǐng)的手續(xù)和流程 應(yīng)聘的資格 工作的待遇和時(shí)間 手續(xù)問題 工作的具體內(nèi)容場景詞匯： Summer break, work, job, offer, excellent opportunity, practice,wonderful, dilemma, difficult decision, plan, volunteer, NGO, chance, share, interesting, spend, accept, program, interview, company, application, apply for, money, advic

53、e Tough, exam, stressed, dread, cram the night, part-time, money,board, balance, hit the book, energy, tired, sleep, consolation, get through, fun, fondness Announcement, hire, part-time assistant, experience, research,daily Laboratory assistant, fill out an application, fit into my schedule Variety

54、 of job opportunities, responsible for, volunteer, service,postions are open, link of service, career training, program available, demand physical endurance, receive no salary, pay for living expense, housing and food allowance, additional information Internship program, advanced planning, career op

55、portunities,working experience, short term experience, permanent employment, full-time, academic credit, supervise, hand out, career advisory service, living expence場景例題：15. 學(xué)生組織活動(dòng)場景場景特點(diǎn)：學(xué)生介紹自己組織或者參與的一個(gè)活動(dòng)。 常見套路：（1） 學(xué)生經(jīng)常參加和組織的活動(dòng) 班級(jí)競選 減肥 公益活動(dòng)（2） 活動(dòng)的目的：What is the main reason for the woman toparticipat

56、e this activity?（3） 分發(fā)handout ： （4） 活動(dòng)的具體內(nèi)容 場景詞匯： Run, marathon, motivator, back into shape, inspire, runningbuddies, positive, sponsor, tons of money, cause Introduce, campus daily, volunteer, salary, ceremony, alumni 場景例題：16. 報(bào)到注冊(cè)場景場景特點(diǎn)：新生報(bào)到注冊(cè)時(shí)候遇到的問題。 常見套路：（1） 報(bào)到注冊(cè)的時(shí)間 （2） 報(bào)到注冊(cè)的準(zhǔn)備材料 （3） 報(bào)到注冊(cè)可能遇到的問題 場景詞匯： Registration, time, determine, first year student, mail, designateddate, specific time, admission lett