動(dòng)詞不定式做主語,賓語,及雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)

1、動(dòng)詞不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理(1定義：動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)：“to +動(dòng)詞原形”，即“to do ” ,其中to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。否定形式為：not / never + to do句法功能：一、用作主語0多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語一一動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。To learn English well is not easy. = It ' s not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our dut

2、y_to tryour best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was n ecessaryto talk with his mother.0動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe.(眼見為實(shí)；百聞不如一見 )【翻譯】成為一個(gè)老師是我的夢(mèng)想。 .0疑問詞+不定式短語作主語可置于句首。How to learn English well is important.補(bǔ)充：用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如:It + be + 名詞+ to

3、doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.How long did it take you to finish the workIt + be +形容詞+ for sb + to do 邏輯主語It takes sb + some time +to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.It + be + 形容詞+ of sb + to do"It is stupid of you to write dow

4、n everyth ing注意：在中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,”,the teacher says.easy, hard, importa nt, impossible, n ecessary等;在中，常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)人的評(píng)價(jià)。在不定式前的sb.，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb. is +形容詞+ to do句式，如:It's kind of you to help

5、 me with my English. = You are kind to help me with my English.+形容詞+ to doIt seems(appears)It seemed impossible to save money.【練習(xí)】1. It2's very nice of them(become) a teacher is my dream(send) me the flowers.3. It同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)5. It's hard for usEnglish well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D.learnin

6、g6. 建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It willthe workers over a yearthe flyover.7. It's very n iceyou to get me two ticketsthe World Cup.A. for, of B. of , for C. to, for D. of, to用作賓語1. 可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞主要有：在want，like ，agree ，hope，wish ，learn，begin ，startseem, decide， hate ， choose， forget ， remember 等動(dòng)詞后面，

7、可以接不定式作賓語。【練習(xí)1 ：在課文中找出后接不定式做賓語的詞并歸納】單詞不定式及其否定形式單詞不定式及其否定形式19210311412513614715816【練習(xí)2】1. They want(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.2. It ' s time for class. Please stop(talk).3. I ' d like(go) to the Temple of Heaven.4. We decidedat the end of this mon th. A. travel B. not star

8、t outC. to leaveD.goi ng5. The teacher told usin bed. A. Don' t readB. read not C. to not readD.not to read2. 動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do.。如：I find it difficult(remember)everyth ing.I find it a good way( 提高)my English.歸納

9、及注意及物動(dòng)詞+不定式一般形式:謂語動(dòng)詞(vt.)+不定式 (作賓語)說明want（想）/ try（試圖）/ decide（決定）/would like（ 想要）/ hope（ 希望）/ love（ 喜 愛）/ learn（學(xué)會(huì)）/ agree（同意）/ fail（ 失 敗、未能）/ wish（ 希望）+to（do）（無）help（幫助）to可以省略begin（開始 ” start（ 開始）/hate（憎恨）也可跟動(dòng)名詞，意義變化不大forget（ 忘記）/ remember（ 記得）/ like（總愛）也可跟動(dòng)名詞，意義變化較大及物動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+不定式:謂語動(dòng)詞（vt.）+wh-疑問詞+不定

10、式（作賓語）說明tell （告訴）/ show （顯示）/ know （知 道）/ ask （ 問）/ find out （發(fā)現(xiàn)）/understand （ 明白）/ learn（學(xué)會(huì)）/forget（ 忘 i己）/ remember（ i己得）/ teach sb.（教某人）whatwhere+ how+ twho whicho （do）不定式疑問 形式還可以 作句子的主 語、表語等。注意：后跟不帶to 的動(dòng)詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞，see sb. do sth. / watch sb. do sth. / make sb. do sth./have sb. do sth. / let sb. d

11、o sth.【鞏固練習(xí)】1. Let hima rest. I thi nk he must be tired after the long walk.A. hasB. haveC. to haveD. havi ng2.the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to useC. Where to useD. Which to use3. The teacher told usin bed.A. don ' t readB. read notC. to not readD. not to read4. The TV set is t

12、oo loud.Will you pleaseA. turn dow n itB. turn it down C.to turn it down D. to turn down it5. It ' s cold outside. You had betteryour coat.A. to put onB. putt ing onC. puts onD. put on二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. It took half an hour（get） to the World Park from Kitty' s school.2. It was in teresti ng（s

13、ee） so many places of in terest from all over the world.3. They want（save） time by using shorter words and phrases.4. Kitty ' s classmate Daniel taught himself how（make） a home page.5. He put his photos on it for every one（look） at.6. Help him（put） the photos in the correct order.7. He made the

14、girl（cry） yesterday.定義:詞+人。結(jié)構(gòu):例子:【判斷】雙賓語當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受著，一個(gè)是物，一個(gè)是人，采用下列表達(dá)方式:AlZ此時(shí)，人為間接賓語，物為直接賓語，這兩個(gè)賓語稱為“雙賓語”?！凹拔飫?dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”I giveyou【主語】【動(dòng)詞】give a rose to【主語】【動(dòng)詞】passed him an apple.passed an apple to him.【辨析點(diǎn)】雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)為“及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+人+物=動(dòng)詞+物+介或“及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語+ to/for +間接賓語”a rose.【間接賓語】【直接賓語】you.直接賓語+ to/for +間

15、接賓語”時(shí),根據(jù)動(dòng)詞不同，介詞有時(shí)為指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示“為了to ,有時(shí)為，替”。常見搭配：toforgive sb. sth.=give sb.buy sb. sth. = give sb.send sb. sth.=send sb.make sb. sth. = give sb.show sb. sth.:=show sb.cook sb. sth. = give sb.teach sb. sth.=teach sb.lend sb. sth.=lend sb.【鞏固練習(xí)】1. Can you explainA. this problem to meB.me problemC. to me problemD. my this problemfor .其中to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向,其中for側(cè)重2. He made a