高中英語(yǔ)必修三：Unit5 Canada—“The True North“-語(yǔ)法篇（教師版）

1、.Unit5 Canada“The True North語(yǔ)法篇_要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法-名詞性從句中的同位語(yǔ)從句。一、同位語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以解釋和說(shuō)明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容。后面常接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message，doubt ，belief ，thought， certainty ，truth ，question， reason， reply， possibility，suggestion。二、同位語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置1. 一般情況下同位語(yǔ)從句跟在某些名詞如news

2、，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等的后 面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞所表達(dá)的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。E.g. The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。E.g. I've come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息，他說(shuō)他今天下午不能來(lái)看你

3、了。2. 有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后，而被別的詞語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)，在語(yǔ)法上叫做間隔式同 位語(yǔ)從句。E.g. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她分開(kāi)家時(shí)沒(méi)把門(mén)關(guān)上。E.g. The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 據(jù)說(shuō)他高考又落榜了。三、同位語(yǔ)從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞word除外加以修飾。E.g.

4、 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)我不能來(lái)？E.g. Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 容許我，你今天晚上要來(lái)參加我們的晚會(huì)。E.g. Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2019. 消息傳來(lái)，中國(guó)于2019年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。四、同位語(yǔ)從句連接詞的選用 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞有連詞that，whether

5、、連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how等1.由that, whether引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在從句中作任何成分E.g. We heard the news that our team had won. 我們聽(tīng)到消息說(shuō)我們隊(duì)贏了。E.g. They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。E.g. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。E.g.

6、 Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。E.g. He referred to Copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼關(guān)于地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)的說(shuō)法。E.g. There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否會(huì)來(lái)還不一定。E.g. The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個(gè)是對(duì)

7、還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果。E.g. We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問(wèn)題?！咀⒁?】假設(shè)被同位語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞是以下名詞時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣即“should+do,should常常省略常?？墒÷浴＿@些詞有：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowle

8、dge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word等。E.g. They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面對(duì)廢除這個(gè)稅的要求。E.g. They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他們表示希望她承受這筆獎(jiǎng)金。E.g. The su

9、ggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規(guī)那么的建議是主席提出的。E.g. The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允許婦女參加這個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)的決議通過(guò)了?！咀⒁?】引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。E.g. He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手

10、提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了?！咀⒁?】表達(dá)“是否的概念時(shí)，要用whether 而不用if引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。E.g. I have no idea whether you are interested in working for her. 我不知道你是否有興趣為她工作。E.g. We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我們還沒(méi)有決定到什么地方去度暑假。【注意4】在名詞doubt“疑心后的同位語(yǔ)從句用whether連接；在no doubt“不疑心

11、之后的同位語(yǔ)從句用that連接。 E.g. We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我們疑心他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成任務(wù)。 E.g. There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我們相信張衛(wèi)會(huì)守信的。2.由連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how等引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作相應(yīng)的成分。E.g. I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什

12、么時(shí)候回來(lái)。E.g. It is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做的問(wèn)題。E.g. He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么分開(kāi)。E.g. You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多著急！E.g. Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時(shí)候開(kāi)場(chǎng)嗎?E.g. I have no idea which one I should choose.我不知道該選哪一個(gè)。五、同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的

13、,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面:1. 從詞類(lèi)上區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea/ fact/news/ hope /belief/ suggestion/ proposal/ word /thought/doubt/truth/possibility/promise/order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞；而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。 E.g. The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人們經(jīng)常討論大多數(shù)勞動(dòng)力將會(huì)在家里工作的可能性。

14、同位語(yǔ)從句E.g. We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我們正在調(diào)查的問(wèn)題不是他是否值得信賴(lài)的問(wèn)題。同位語(yǔ)從句E.g. Word came that he had been abroad. 據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。同位語(yǔ)從句E.g. Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很快樂(lè)。定語(yǔ)從句E.g. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位醫(yī)生在

15、房間里面。定語(yǔ)從句E.g. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)。定語(yǔ)從句,代詞all作先行詞2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇；而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。E.g. The news that our team has won the game was true.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息E.g. The news that he told

16、me yesterday was true.昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)E.g. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我許諾假如誰(shuí)讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有。同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise到底是一個(gè)什么諾言E.g. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽做出了一個(gè)令她的孩子們快樂(lè)的許諾。定語(yǔ)從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語(yǔ)3. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句

17、子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。E.g. That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮。同位語(yǔ)從句E.g. I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事。同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物時(shí)還可以用which代替,并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略 that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來(lái)代替。E

18、.g. The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天收到了同位語(yǔ)從句,是對(duì)order的詳細(xì)解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略E.g. The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組?定語(yǔ)從句,是名詞order的

19、修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ),可以省略用中文舉個(gè)例子1.我不相信他是小偷的事實(shí)同位“事實(shí)同“他是小偷是同一件事情2.我不相信他告訴我的事實(shí)“事實(shí)同“他告訴我不是同一件事1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief_ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. that C. which D. whether解析：根據(jù)句意“唯一能在最高級(jí)別體育競(jìng)賽中勝出的方法就是完全相信在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上你比其他任何人都優(yōu)秀

20、。此題空格處引導(dǎo)的句子作belief的同位語(yǔ)，故用that。答案：B。2. 2019浙江紹興一中期中Even if there is no scientific proof _second-hand smoking causes cancer, there is no reason why nonsmokers should be forced to take this risk.A. which B. that C. when D. where解析：根據(jù)句意“即使沒(méi)有科學(xué)證據(jù)說(shuō)明吸二手煙會(huì)致癌，也沒(méi)有理由讓不吸煙的人們被迫去冒這種危險(xiǎn)此處proof 后是同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明proof的內(nèi)容，而同

21、位語(yǔ)從句意思完好，不缺少成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。答案：B。3. 2019四川成都摸底Dont worry! There is still a great chance _we can make up for the lost time. A. which B. that C. where D. when解析：根據(jù)句意“不要擔(dān)憂(yōu)！還有我們彌補(bǔ)失去時(shí)間的極好時(shí)機(jī)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知“we can make up for the lost time為同位語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在句子中不承擔(dān)句子成分，只起連接作用。答案：B。4. 2019四川石室中學(xué)期中There are some warnings in som

22、e countries _over exploitation of underground water has caused the decline of wetland and the increase of desertification._ myself moreit was a perfect day.A. which B. where C. what D. that解析：根據(jù)句意“在一些國(guó)家有一些警告，過(guò)分開(kāi)采地下水已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致濕地的減少和沙漠化的增加。這里橫線(xiàn)后面是同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明warnings的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)橥徽Z(yǔ)從句的成分和意思都是完好的，用that連接，that不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，只起

23、到連接的作用，但是也不能省略。答案：D。5. 2019吉林長(zhǎng)春期中There is solid evidence_ watching 3D movies can have side effects on the viewers.A. what B. that C. which D. how解析：根據(jù)句意“有確鑿的證據(jù)外表，看3D電影對(duì)觀眾可能有不良的影響。evidence后為同位語(yǔ)從句，表示evidence的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙倬渥映煞?，所以由that引導(dǎo)，答案：D。根底演練1. _ makes this shop different is that it offers more per

24、sonal services. A. What B. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2. -Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. wh

25、ere D. What4. -Could you do me a favor? -It depends on _ it is. A. whichB. whicheverC. what D. whatever5. Doris' success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why6. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why

26、B. what C. whoD. that7. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? A. that B. whatC. asD. which8. -Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turnD. for her to turn9. Elephants have their own way to

27、tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.A. /B. whetherC. how D. what10. Danny left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. whichKeys: 1-5 ABDC B 6-10ABBB B 穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步1. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday? A. you expect she has got B.

28、you expect has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got2. The way he did it was different _ we were used to. A. in whichB. in whatC. from what D. from which3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A

29、. what; whenB. that; whichC. what; whichD. which; that4. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether5. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that6. A warm thought sudd

30、enly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. if B. when C. that D. which7. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if8. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see

31、him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what9. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which10. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he w

32、as a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whetherKeys: 1-5 CCABC 6-10 CABBB1. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever2. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how i

33、t is D. what it is3. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because5. The shopkee

34、per did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which6. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morning. A. thatB. where C. what D. which7. Id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with.A.

35、 who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who8. When you are reading, make a note of _ you think is of great importance.A. whichB. that C. what D. when9. -Can we get everything ready by the weekend? -It all depends on _ we can get Mr. Greens cooperation. A. that B. what C. whether D. if10. It is the

36、third time _late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived11. It was in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. that B. which C. in which D. when12. Is it in that factory _Red Flag cars are made?A. in which B. where C. that

37、 D. which13. Is the lab _the foreigners visited yesterday?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one14. What especially impressed us was the way _our teacher studied foreign language.A / B which C by which D what15. Mr. Green is an Australian, _ I know from his accent.A. who B. whom C. which D. thatKey

38、s:1-5 DDDBC 6-10 CBCCC 11-15ACDAC_一、 閱讀CFour Simple Keys to Transform Your LifeThe Power of Choice. Every one of us makes countless choices every day. Every choice we make has an impact on our lives. Even insignificant choices can affect what we experience and how we feel. When hunger strikes, we ca

39、n reach for a healthy, nutritious snack, or we can choose the sugar high of junk food. The more important the decision, the greater its effect. For instance, how do I act towards that person who treated me badly? Do I generally choose to be passive, or do I actively set clear intentions and create w

40、hat I want in my life? Every choice we make, however big or small, affects us in some way.How Do You Make Choices? If you are interested in living a richer, fuller life, there is a foundation upon which you can base all of your decisions which can make life better not only for you, but also for thos

41、e around you. This foundation is to choose based on what's best for all. Imagine a world where every parent, spouse配偶, friend, teacher, businessperson, and politician truly did their best to choose what's best for all involved in every decision they made We would certainly live in a more car

42、ing, supportive world.It's the Intention." But how do I know what is really best?" you might ask. The answer is simple. It doesn't matter. What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice. What matters is that whatever decision you make, you are

43、clear in your intention of choosing based on what's best for all. If it later turns out that you made what appears to have been a bad choice, there's no need for guilt. Knowing that you did your best to choose with a sincere desire for what's best for all, your conscience stays clear and

44、 open. This then allows you to more easily learn from your mistakes, and to live with a clear heart and mind.What's Best for Me, Too! Choosing what's best does not mean you have to always sacrifice yourself for others. An overly過(guò)度的 exhausted mother can lose her temper easily. Some time off f

45、or this mother might seem selfish, yet in the long run, it can help her to be a better mother to her children. So as we move through each day of our lives, let us remember to include ourselves as we do our best to choose what's best for all.1. Which of the following is FALSE?A. Whenever hunger s

46、trikes, we will reach for a junk snack. B. Every choice, however big or small, has an influence on us.C. Even small choices affect how we feel.D. We make choices every day.2. How should we make choices?A .To be interested in a richer, fuller life.B. To make life better for ourselves.C. To imagine a

47、world where everyone did their best.D. To choose based on what's best for all.3. Why does the author say, "What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice"?A. Because the choice you make is not important.B. Because you may have made a bad choice.C.

48、Because this allows you to stay clear and improve. D. Because there is no need for guilt.4. How to choose what is best for us?A. We need to devote all our life to others. B. We need to put away some time for ourselves.C. We need to sacrifice ourselves for others.D. We need to be selfless every minut

49、e.DIn October on the east coast of Australia migrating遷徙humpback whales座頭鯨pass very close to the shore. With the help of Max Egan, we went to film them near Byron Bay. It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs水柱of spray on the horizon. When migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds o

50、f about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes, but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. As the whales break the surface like submarines潛水艇, the water spills off their broad dark backs and

51、 huge tails. Then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or “footprint on the surface to show where they had been.One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the horizon wa

52、s deserted. There was no report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Max's new, highly sensitive hydrophone水中聽(tīng)音器and the result was astonishing. As soon as the hydrophone was in the water, we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful voices. What may have seemed like a vast empty

53、 ocean was filled with the singing of whales.It is the males which sing, as they migrate between feeding and breeding養(yǎng)育grounds. No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is, whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away.It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune曲調(diào)and