高中英語(yǔ)選修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions-語(yǔ)法篇（學(xué)生版）

1、.第6講Inventors and inventions 語(yǔ)法篇_1.掌握動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的用法和功能；2.可以純熟運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。一. 概述：分詞分為如今分詞和過(guò)去分詞。在句中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一. 分詞的作用：1、 作定語(yǔ)（1） 單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，分詞前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.（2） 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，分詞后置；分詞修飾不定代詞some

2、thing等要后置；個(gè)別分詞如give，left等作定語(yǔ)也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.（3） 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists2、 作表語(yǔ)如今分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)具

3、有的特征，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多指主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.3、 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞和不定式一樣，在一些感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I cant make myself understood in English.I found

4、my car missing.Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。4、 作插入語(yǔ)其構(gòu)造是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái) talking of speaking of 說(shuō)到strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō) judging from 從···判斷all things considered 從整體來(lái)看 taking all things into consideration 全面看來(lái)。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從

5、他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。二. 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)1、 與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。2、 先于主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，假如先于主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，要用having done。如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went

6、out for a walk.做完作業(yè)，他出去漫步。三. 分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)1、 通常情況下，如今分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。如：He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是給你書(shū)的那個(gè)人She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那個(gè)被車攔住的女孩。2、 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等詞。如：a retired person 一個(gè)退休的人 a fa

7、llen ball 一個(gè)落下來(lái)的球a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴二. 如今分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，如今分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義；在時(shí)間上，如今分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)展或者與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。如：falling leaves 正在下落的樹(shù)葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落在地上的樹(shù)葉1.2019安徽卷While waiting for the opportunity to get     , Henry did his best to perform his dut

8、y.A. promoteB. promoted C. promotingD. to promote2.2019福建卷For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_.A. connectedB. connecting C. to connectD. to be connected3.2019四川卷The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after

9、great effort.A. having developedB. to developC. developedD. develop4.2019陜西卷Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother_good care of at home.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. be taken5.2019浙江卷 Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a

10、 nurse _ to guard her.A. to appoint B.appointing C. appointedD. having appointed根底演練1. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientistsThe first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have written B. to be written C. being written D.

11、written2. Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak3. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bough B. bought C. been bought D. buying.4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will c

12、all later.A . read B. reads C. to read D. reading5. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A . Followed B. Followed by C. Being followedD. Having been followed穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步6. There was a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed7. _ , liquid

13、s can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat8. When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed9. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suff

14、ering C. To suffer D. Suffered10. Im very_ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.Mm, it does have a _ smell.A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant11._ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having rec

15、eived D. Having not received12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out13. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was prepari

16、ng14. _ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded15. They might just have a place _ on the writing coursewhy don't you give it a try?A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave1. _ with Lei Feng, we still h

17、ave a long way to go.A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared2. I really like this song as it is often heard _everywhere in China.A. singing B. sung C. having sung D. to sing3. _ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of

18、the country.A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced4. I came into the classroom, _ my seat and sat down to read.A. finding B. to find C. found D. to be found5. _ to his work resulted in his great success.A. Devoted B. Being devotedC. Devoting D. To devote6. The door _ tomorrow

19、will get dry the day after tomorrow.A. painted B. to be paintedC. being painted D. to paint7. He could do nothing but _ what he had said.A. to take back B. to be taken backC. taking back D. take back8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant _ me there this Friday.A. Joining B. to joinC. will joi

20、n D. wants to join9. _ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really _.A. Supposing; amazing B. Comparing; amazedC. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed10. I'm going through the composition he has just finished _ the possible mistakes i

21、n it.A. correct B. to correct C. having corrected D. corrected11. This is the very plan that I'd like to see _ in the next two months.A. carry out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. carried out12. On the bank of the river, we found him _ on a beach, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky

22、.A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; fixed D. sitting; being fixed13. He sat calmly on the platform, _ to answer the question.A. prepare B. PreparingC. prepared D. to prepare14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost15. Who s

23、hould be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as _. A. told B. being told C. Telling D. to be told_1. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. The supermarketnext month will be the biggest one in the city. A. completedB. being completedC. to be completedD. having been completed2. Vi

24、ctims, in the news, who are infected with H7N9 have come up to 28. A. is reportedB. reportedC. reportingD. which reports3. Do you know that the meetingthis afternoon has been puttill next week? A. to be held; offB. to be held; forwardC. held; offD. held; forward4. Im afraid that I cant attend Toms w

25、edding partynext weekend. A. to be heldB. being heldC. heldD. is to be held5. The tall buildingin the center of this area will be used as a 5-star hotel. A. to builtB. buildingC. being builtD. having built6. A direct air routeChongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month. A. linkingB. b

26、eing linked C. link D. linked7. We, a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the problem better. A. holdingB. heldC. being heldD. having held8. The manager listened to the customers complaints attentively with great patience, to miss any point. A. not tryingB. trying notC. to try notD. not

27、to try9. We hurried all the way to the airport, onlythat the flight had been cancelled because of the foggy weather. A. being toldB. to be toldC. having toldD. to have been told10. that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. A

28、. ConvincingB. ConvincedC. To convinceD. Having convinced二. 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C和D中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead ? For example ,cocaine is harmful ,but what makes it harmful? I can't tell you all about drugs ,but I can 1 you think about th

29、em in this 2 way. Your body is a very complicated復(fù)雜的 machine, 3 a lot of chemical machinery, all of which is finally turned 4 it all works together . Special chemicals, which we call drugs ,can affect it in many different ways. Some drugs are 5 when your body has a problem, as with disease-causing b

30、acteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too 6 or some penicillin青霉素 7 it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. 8 ,all drugs are really poison, 9 if you take too much ,so you must always use them 10 . Why do some people take drugs like cocaine ? For a litt

31、le while they seem to make you feel better ,or happier .But 11 their effects have 12 ,your body has to pay an extra 13 to get back to normal. That makes you want to get 14 of the drug .Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as 15 for your nervous system. They cut off some of

32、your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your 16 .They make you want always more . And just a little too much can even 17 nerves to your heart and stop its beating .Many of us worry about the 18 around us and what pollution does to us .How about your internal內(nèi)在的 environment, and wha

33、t goes on 19 you ? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your 20 . Most drugs are pollutants .You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you . Why would you want pollutants in your body ?1. A. makeB. causeC. helpD. let2. A. funnyB. differentC. simpleD. true3. A. justB.

34、 reallyC. especiallyD. sometimes4. A. as ifB. even ifC. whereD. so that5. A. powerfulB. helpfulC. painfulD. helpless6. A. highB. tallC. muchD. hot7. A. whenB. untilC. asD. before8. A. BesidesB. ThusC. HoweverD. Naturally9. A. at mostB. at leastC. at timesD. at first10. A. carefullyB. easilyC. carele

35、sslyD. a lot 11. A. whereB. beforeC. afterD. until12. A. workedB. wornC. appearedD. lost13. A. numberB. quantityC. amountD. price14. A. some moreB. nothingC. a littleD. a few15. A. guardsB. medicine C. chemicalsD. poisons16. A. worriesB. happinessC. freedomD. pride17. A. leadB. blockC. offerD. stick

36、18. A. placesB. natureC. peopleD. environ19. A. insideB. aroundC. outsideD. next to20. A. heart B. headC. bodyD. Mind 三. 閱讀理解 As with many aspects of modern life, light pollution represents both a triumph of technology and a minor disaster. It disrupts a basic relationship that has evolved between h

37、umans and the natural world. Historians such as A. Roger Ekrich have noted how darkness influenced cultural and social practices. The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day. I remember recently being in Times Square,

38、 and there was so much light that it just felt like we were in a domed stadium almost, looking up at something totally artificial above us. When most Americans are living now in cities and suburbs where theyre getting anywhere from two dozen to four dozen stars instead of 2, 500, which is the number

39、 you could see on a normal night with no light pollution, its almost like why bother? I dont know if most people even look up and notice the stars. And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, were way beyond that. I have very good friends in New Mexico. I said to him it must be amazing here at night and I asked, do you have stories associated with the constellations for example? He said we have a whole legend filled with stories about how to live and what a good life is. Human cul