高中英語(yǔ)選修七 Unit4 Sharing-語(yǔ)法篇（教師版）

1、.第8講Sharing 語(yǔ)法篇_1.掌握定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)造與功能；2.可以純熟選用適宜的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。一. 概述：1 定語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接在先行詞antecedent后面。2 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。3 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2 必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)常用的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ): that, which, who, whom, as, whose定語(yǔ)常用的關(guān)系副詞在從句

2、中只作狀語(yǔ): when、why、 whereThe student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy whom you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定語(yǔ)從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)；第三選擇適宜的關(guān)系詞。二. 幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的根本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主

3、語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which一般不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句; 不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ) 如：Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?You can take anything that you like. What is the question that/which they are talking about?Here is the man who/whom/that you want to see.She's no longer the girl that she used to b

4、e before.which: 指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。如：The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.The factory in which his father works is far from here.who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式用法中作賓語(yǔ); 只可指人whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語(yǔ); 只可指人whose: 屬格，在

5、從句中作定語(yǔ)，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard. All who heard the story were amazed. 代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man whom/who/that we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.I'd like a room wh

6、ose window faces south. =I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of which faces south.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)：介詞+ whom / which關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book that/which you a

7、sked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person whom/who/that I shook hands with?Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. 介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置

8、。look at, look for, look after, take care of等三. 幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較:Athat& which:在定語(yǔ)從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣。1. 宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.先行詞為不定代詞,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等, We should do all that is useful to the people.There's nothing tha

9、t can be said about it.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時(shí)。The only thing that we could do was to wait.That's the very word that is wrongly used.The last place that we visited was the chemical works.比較 *This is one of the best nov

10、els that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best that can be

11、 done now.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不合適，這時(shí)宜用that. 如：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修飾詞為數(shù)

12、詞時(shí). 1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive.假如有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以防止語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑問(wèn)詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以防止重復(fù)。Which is the book that y

13、ou like best?Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是There be 構(gòu)造，修飾其主句的定語(yǔ)從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞. 如：There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修飾成分為表語(yǔ)時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that . That's a good book that will help you a lot.My home village is no longer the place that it used to be

14、.2. 定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí). A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中. Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is beco

15、ming popular in our country. which指代主句在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that, 另一個(gè)宜用which . Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí). Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行詞本身是that, 宜用which . W

16、hat's that which she is looking at?先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.B who & that:who 和 that 指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用who，而不宜用that 先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時(shí)，如：The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works w

17、ell.Anyone who =Whoever failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.在There be 構(gòu)造中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who 指代人，如：There is a gentleman who wants to see you.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about

18、the use of attributive clauses.領(lǐng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如：I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.1. 2019江西高考Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. when答案: A解析: which在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞many dangers，在從句中作f

19、ace的引導(dǎo)詞，所以選A。2. 2019全國(guó)大綱卷September 30 is the day which you must pay your bill.A. byB. forC. withD. in答案: A解析: 此處是“介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，介詞by表示“到.為止所以選A。3. 2019陜西高考Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what答案: A解析: 句中have是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，所以定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，

20、由于information被all修飾，排除which，所以選A。4. 2019陜西高考 As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent. A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when答案: D解析: 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，故用where或when，先行詞為time，所以選D。5. 2019浙江高考Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is

21、a big challenge.A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which答案: C解析: 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，故用where或“介詞+which引導(dǎo)，根據(jù)與an atmosphere的搭配，判斷介詞用in，所以選擇C。根底演練1.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as2.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what3.This is the hotel _last month.A. w

22、hich they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. whenKey: 1-5 DBDCA 穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步6.The factory _we

23、'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that y

24、ou talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C.

25、 which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C.

26、 whom D. who15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. asKey: 6-10 CDAAA 10-15 CCDCD1.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that2.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ w

27、e spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when3.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after4.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why

28、; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what5.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A. that B. which C. for which D. who6.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which7. The hill _ is covered with trees is call

29、ed Mang Hill.A. of which top B. whose the top C. whose top D. top which8. Can you lend me the novel_ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked about D. you talked about9. The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity, but it may be some

30、time _ the situation improves.A. sinceB. when C. unless D. before10. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 11. The reason _ at the meeting for being late was not reasonable. A. why he gave B. what he gave C. he gave D. on which he gave 12. Do you remember t

31、he chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?A. where B. when C. that D. what 13.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which14.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke15.He talked a lot about things and pers

32、ons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. whatKey: 1-5 AAAAB 6-10 DCCBB 11-15 CCACB_1. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. Why 2. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at w

33、ork a good impression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where 3. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. Who4. Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. Who5.The

34、 English play _ my students acted at the new year's party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which6. I couldn't do my homework with all the noise _ .A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 7. Are all the titles of the articles _ in the contents? Yes, all _.A

35、. listed, included B. listing, includesC. listed, including D. being listed, being included8. She _ the table and said the dinner was ready.A. lay B. laid C. lied D. lain9. Shut the window, _ it'll get too cold in here.A. so B. yet C. but D. otherwise10. _ is no wonder that he could speak Englis

36、h well. A. There B. That C. This D. ItKey: 1-5 BDAAC6-10 CABDD二. 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C和D中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。How did you do it, Dad? How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years? It took me almost 20 years to have the 1 to even ask my father this very personal questi

37、on. When Dad first 2 drinking, the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a 3 that, in the past, would have started him 4 again. For a few years we were 5 to bring it up for fear that the drinking would begin again.“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least f

38、our to five times a day, was Dad's6 to my 18-year-old unasked question. “The words were a constant 7 to me that things were 8 so hard that I could not deal with them, Dad said. Then he9the poem with me. The poem's 10, yet profound 深化的 words immediately became 11 of my daily routine as well.A

39、bout a month after this12 with my father, I received a gift in the mail from a friendof mine. It was a book of daily sayings of wisdom with one 13 for each day of the year.It has been my 14 that when you get something with days of the year on it, you naturally turn to the page that lists your own 15

40、 . I 16 opened the book to November 10 to see 17 words of wisdom this book had in store for me. I was 18 when I looked at the page, and then tears of disbelief and appreciation19down my face. There, on my birthday, was the exact same poem that had 20 my father for all these years! It is called the S

41、erenity 平靜 Prayer:God, grant methe serenity to accept the things I cannot change;the courage to change the things I can;and the wisdom to know the difference. 1. A. chance B. courage C. ability D. right2. A. gave up B. took up C. went on D. carried on3. A. way B. habit C. situation D. house4. A. rec

42、iting B. asking C. smoking D. drinking5. A. sure B. uncertain C. afraid D. eager6. A. reply B. words C. excuse D. explanation7. A. fear B. imagination C. thought D. reminder8. A. never B. seldom C. always D. ever9. A. discussed B. shared C. offered D. talked10. A. wonderful B. long C. simple D. bori

43、ng11. A. all B. that C. any D. part12. A. talk B. quarrel C. trip D. lesson13. A. listed B. included C. read D. said14. A. method B. experience C. wealth D. message15. A. character B. birthday C. qualities D. favorites16. A. doubtfully B. carefully C. happily D. hurriedly17. A. where B. whether C. w

44、hat D. how18. A. excited B. astonished C. disappointed D. frightened19. A. hung B. pulled C. rolled D. pushed20. A. troubled B. disturbed C. pleased D. helpedKey: 1-5 BACDC 6-10 ADABC 11-15 DAABB 16-20 DCBCD三. 閱讀理解One of the strongest arguments for the raising of the school leaving age ROSLA has bee

45、n that it will bring us some way nearer to “equality of opportunity.Many people like to think of our present system of schooling as providing plenty of steps up the ladder of success for clever children. It would be good to think that no one who is really bright can be missed out when the state syst

46、em is obviously so complete. It is obvious, for instance, that many children from less wealthy homes reach university or do well in other ways.Unfortunately, we now have plenty of proofs that many children of every level of ability do much less well than they could. For instance, during the years of

47、 national military service it was possible to test the intelligence of all male 18-year-olds. Half of those soldiers who were placed in the two highest ability groups had left school at 15.It has also been shown that the percentage of working class children going to university is almost the same now as it was in 1939. One study of 5,000 children from birth to 21 years old shows that up to half the bright working class ones left school when they reached 16 years old. Moreover, there is no difference in intelligence between the sexes, but far more boys and girls sta