國(guó)家開放大學(xué)學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)-人文英語(yǔ)（4）閱讀練習(xí)及參考答案（學(xué)位）.docx

1、學(xué)位英語(yǔ)人文(4)閱讀練習(xí)(1)TelevisionbroadcastingstartedintheUnitedKingdomin1936asapublicservicefreeofadvertising.Nowthereisacollectionoffreeandsubscriptionservicesoveravarietyofdistributionmedia,throughwhichtherearcover480channelsforconsumersaswellason-demandcontent.Therearesixmainchannelownerswhoareresponsib

2、leformostviewing.OnOctober24,2012,alltelevisionbroadcastsintheUnitedKingdomwereinadigitalformat.Digitalcontentisdeliveredviaterrestrialmeans,satelliteandcableaswellasoverIP.In1953theConservativeGovernmentintroducedabilltomakearrangementsforcommercialtelevision.ThiswascoposedverystronglybytheLaborand

3、LiberalParties,butthebillwaspassedandcommercialtelevisionnowflourishes.TheIndependentTelevisionActcreatedanIndependentTelevisionAuthority,whichexercisesgeneralsupervision.OnedisadvantageofthepresentsystemisthattheBBCandIndependentTelevisionoftenbothputoutprogramsofthesametypeatthesametime.Thisforces

4、theviewertochoosebetweentwosimilarthingsbutnottwoentirelydifferentformsofentertainment.IntheUnitedKingdomandtheCrownDependencies,anyhouseholdwatchingorrecordinglivetelevisiontransmissionsastheyarebeingbroadcast(terrestrial,satellite,cable,orinternet)isrequiredtoholdatelevisionlicense.SinceApril1,201

5、0theannuallicensefeehasbeen145.50forcolorand49.00forblackandwhite.Thus,thelicensefeemadeupthebulkoftheBBCstotalincomeof5.102billionin2012-2013.1. Thispassageismainlyabout.A. thesystemofBritishTVB. thebroadcastingmeansofBritishTVC. thecontentofBritishTVD. thedevelopmentofBritishTVIn1936televisionbroa

6、dcastingintheUnitedKingdomwas.A. repetitivetasksB.lawfirmsC.multi-layeredtasksD.billbythehourdealYoudonlneedtoworryaboutthetimewhenyoutalktothelawyerifyouchooseA. thehourlyfeeB.theblendedhourlyfeeC.theinsurancefeeD.thecontractfeeYouhavetoeyetheclockwhenyoutalktothelawyerwhenyouchooseA. legalinsuranc

7、eB.theopposed,?inPara.1mean?A. Itmeansagreed”.B.Itmeansdemanded”.C.Itmeansapproved”.D.Itmeansdisapproved.3. Thecommercialtelevisionissupervisedby.A. theConservativeGovernmentB. theLaborandLiberalPartiesC. TheIndependentTelevisionActD. IndependentTelevisionAuthorityWhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEa

8、ccordingtothetext?A. TheBBCandIndependentTelevisionoffertwoentirelydifferentformsofentertainment.B. Thelicensefeein2012-2013was5.102billion.C. Viewersshouldholdatelevisionlicensetowatchorrecordlivetelevisiontransmissions.D. AHbroadcastingchannelsareownedbysixcompanies.(2)Graffitipaintingistraditiona

9、llyadaredevilpursuit.Teenagersdodeesecurityguardstoputtheirnamesontrainsandbuses.Butoverthepastdecade,graffitihasallbutdisappearedfromBritainscities.Between2007and2012thenumberofincidentsofgraffitirecordedbytheBritishTransportPolicefellby63%.AsurveybytheEnvironmentMinistryshowsthatfewerplacesareblig

10、htedbytagsthanever.Graffitiareincreasinglyconfinedtosanctionedwalls,suchastheStockwellBallCourts.Intimethepracticemaydieoutentirely.Themostobviousreasonforthedeclineintaggingandtrain-paintingisbetterpolicing.NumerousCCTVcamerasmeanitishardertogetawaywithpaintingillegally.Andpunishmentsaremoresevere.

11、Agenerationalshiftisapparent,too.Fewerteenagersaregettingintopaintingwalls.TheyprefertoplaywithiPadsandvideogames.Somehavegonetoartschoolandwanttomakemoneyfromtheirpaintings.TheInternetmeansthatpainterscanwinfarmoreattentionbypostingpicturesonlinethantheycanbybreakingintoarailwayyard.Taggersandgraff

12、itiartistsmostlygrewupinthe1980sand1990s.Thosemenandalmostallmenarenowolderandlesswillingtotakerisks.Graffitimayeventuallydisappear.Butfornowthehobbyisalmostrespectable.Theformergraffitiartistspaintabandonedwarehousesduringtheweekend.IthasbecomesomethingtodoonaSundayafternoonaslightlyhealthieraltern

13、ativetosittingandwatchingfootball.1. Graffitipaintingistraditionallyanactivitypursuedby.A. teenagersB.menC.securityguardsD.policeTheincidentsofgraffitipaintingareinBritishcitiesinrecentyears.A. increasingB.confinedC.decliningD.growingWhatdocstheworddodgeinPara.1mean?A. Itmeansavoid”.B.Itmeanswelcome

14、.C.Itmeansgetalongwith.C.Itmeansnegotiatewith.2. WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A. Teenagersarenotafraidofbeingcaughtbysecurityguardswhentheyputtheirnamesontrainsandbuses.B. GraffitihasdisappearedfromBritainscitiescompletely.C. Taggersandgraffitiartistsarestillwillingtotakerisk

15、s.D. Becauseofbetterpolicinggraffitidecreases.3. Lessteenagersaregettingintograffitipaintingbecause.A. Graffitipaintingisillegal.B. Graffitipaintingisconfinedtosanctionedwalls.C. TheyhaveshiftedtheirattentiontoiPads,videogamesandartschool.D. Graffitipaintingisadaredevilpursuit.(3)Educationandacademi

16、cqualitycanmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople,dependingontheirperspective,roleandcontextand,inpartbecauseofthis,qualityisnotoriouslydifficulttoevaluate.Thequestionofhowtodothishasbeenpursuedformanyyears.Nevertheless,thegoalofimprovingeducationalqualityisagreedbyallandstimulatedfurtherbytherecentwo

17、rldwideeconomicdownturnandtheneedtocounteracttheimpactofthecrisisoneconomicgrowthandprepareforeconomicrecovery.AstheWorldBankandUNESCOsaid10yearsago:Thequalityofknowledgegeneratedwithinhighereducationinstitutions,anditsavailabilitytothewidereconomy,isbecomingincreasinglycriticaltonationalcompetitive

18、ness.wTheyalsorightlyemphasizedthatAstrongresearchsystematthenationallevelopensupthepossibilitythatsubstantialadditionalpublicbenefitscanberealizedthroughinternationallinks.ThisispreciselywhyChinesestudentsandacademicsshouldcontributetotheseglobalbenefits,reformingandimprovingevaluationsystemsforedu

19、cationalandacademicquality.Originalandgoodresearch,especiallyinscience,economicsandsocialsciences,hasatrickle-downeffectonsociety.Anditoffersadditionalbenefitsevenwithoutinternationallinks,thoughinternationalcollaborationandexchangeofthebestevaluationpolicyandpracticecanbringsubstantialadvantagestoa

20、llpartnersinrelationtolessonslearnedelsewhere.1. Peoplemaylookateducationandacademicqualitybecauseoftheirbackground.A. differentlyB.indifferentlyC.notoriouslyD.rightlyThispassagemayhavebeenwrittenwhenwherewasa(n).A. educationalevaluationC.globaleconomiccrisisB. rapideducationgrowthD.economicgrowthTh

21、eWorldBankandUNESCOcalledforgovernmentstoencourage.A. actionstoprepareforeducationalevaluationsB. peopletovieweducationalqualitydifferentlyC. internationallinksshouldbesetupD. strongnationalresearchsystemstobesetupChinesestudentsandacademicsareencouragedtomakecontributionstoA. increasingnationalcomp

22、etitivenessB. improvingevaluationsystemsC. bringingsubstantialadvantagesD. originalandgoodresearchWhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A. Educationqualityishardtoevaluate.B. Internationalcollaborationandexchangeofthebestevaluationpolicyandpracticecanbringsubstantialadvantages.C. A

23、ccordingtothepassage,weshouldimproveinternationalcooperationonresearchandevaluation.D. Thequalityofknowledgeisbecominglesscriticaltonationalcompetitiveness.(4)CharityisaconceptwhichdatesbacktoBiblicaltimes,whenhelpingthepoorwassomethingthatrichpeoplebasicallydidtomakethemselvesfeelgood.Socialworkhas

24、itsrootsincharity,asitoriginallybeganaroundthetimeoftheindustrialrevolutionwhenthereweremanypoorpeopleandsocietywasseekingawayofdealingwiththepoorandsocialproblems.Althoughsocialworkbeganascharitywork,ithasexpandedalotandneedstobeseenfromacompletelydifferentperspective.Modern-daysocialworkdealsnoton

25、lywithpovertyandthesubsequentproblems,butalsowiththeproblemsarisingfromvarioustypesofsocialfbar(socialphobias,)anddiscriminationsuchassexism,racism,anddiscriminationagainstanindividualduetohisage,ormentalorphysicaldisabilities.Socialworkersdealwiththeconsequencesofthesediscriminationsaswellasconsequ

26、encesthatarisefromsexualabuse,drugabuse,andvariousotherproblems.Socialworkprovidesanimportantservicetosociety.Individualsandfamiliesinneedofhelparethefocusofit,andarereferredtoasclients.Socialworkershelpclientsliveaproductivelifeintheirowncommunity.Inordertoreachthisgoal,theyoftenenlisttheassistance

27、offamilymembers,relatives,localreligiousleaders,andotherinfluentialmembersofthecommunity.Althoughinstitutionalizationmaybenecessaryattimes,itisatemporarysolution.Socialworkersusuallyserveinthefrontline,andreachouttotheclientssoonafterproblemsoccur.Thegoalistohelpclientsreturntonormallifeinanaturalse

28、tting.1. Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A. HistoryofCharityB. HistoryofSocialWorkC. SocialWorkandSocialWorkerD. SocialWorkandCharityWorkWhatdocsrefertointhefirstparagraph?A.socialworkB.charityC.rootD.theindustrialrevolutionWhendidsocialworkbegin?A. BiblicaltimesB. alongtimeagoC. theindustrialrevol

29、utionD. moderndayModern-daysocialworkdealswiththefollowingproblemsexcept.A.povertyB.racismC.drugabuseD.educationWhichstatementaboutsocialworkisNOTtrue?A. Socialworkdealswithpovertyanditssubsequentproblems.B. Socialworkarisesfromcharity.C. Inordertohelpclientsliveaproductivelife,socialworkerscanturnt

30、otheassistanceoffamilymembers.D. Socialworkisthattherichpeoplewanttohelpthepoorpeople.(5)Respondent:PeoplesHospitalAddress:No.1,BinhaiRoad,BinhaiCityThefollowinganswerisgiventoZhangHuasclaimfbrpersonal-injurycompensationbythePeoplesHospital:1. Therespondentdoesnothaveadirectcontractualrelationshipwi

31、thZhangHua.ZhangHuahadanoralcontracttoremovethehigh-voltagemetercabinetwithBinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCompanyonJune10,2008.HewasassignedbyBinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCompanyandthereforehasnodirectcontractualrelationshipwiththerespondent.2. BinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationComp

32、anyshouldberesponsibleforcompensatingZhangHuafbrthefollowingreasons.Firstly,accordingtoPRClawsandrelevantjudicialinterpretations,BinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCompanyshallberesponsibleforanyinjuryemployeessufferedinthecontractperformance.Secondly,ZhangHuaseriouslyviolatedtheoperationalprocedu

33、reinremovingthehigh-voltagemetercabinetandfailedtopaydueattentionthereto.3. TherespondentshallnotberesponsiblefbrcompensatingtheinjuriesofZhangHua.AccordingtotheGeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw,anypersonengagedinhighlydangerousoperationsshallberesponsibleforcompensation.Inthiscase,therespondententered

34、intoacontractwithBinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCompany,wherebythesourceofhighdangershiftedtoBinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCompany.BinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCompanybecamethesubjectofthedangerousoperation,andthereforeanydamagescausedinthecontractperformancebyBinhaiNo.2Construc

35、tionandInstallationCompanyhavenoconnectionwiththerespondent.Therefore,PeoplesHospitalisnotliablefbrcompensatingthedefendant.Weherebyrequestthecourttorejecttheplaintiffsactionaccordingtolaw.To:BinhaiCityIntermediatePeoplesCourtRespondent:BinhaiPeoplesCourtDate:May10,2011Theletteriswrittenby.A. Binhai

36、CityIntermediatePeoplesCourtB. BinhaiPeoplesCourtC. PeoplesHospitalD. BinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCompanyAccordingtotheplaintiff,shouldberesponsibleforcompensatingZhangHua.A. BinhaiCityIntermediatePeoplesCourtB. BinhaiPeoplesCourtC. PeoplesHospitalD. BinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCom

37、panyWhatdocsthewordoralinPara.2mean?A.writtenB.spokenC.legalD.illegalWhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A. TherespondenthasadirectcontractwithBinhaiNo.2ConstructionandInstallationCompany.B. TherespondenthasadirectcontractwithZhangHua.C. ZhangHuashouldntbearanyresponsibilityforhisinjuries.D. Peop

38、lesHospitalshouldberesponsibleforZhangHuasinjuries.1. ZhangHuasclaimwasbytherespondent.A.acceptedB.agreedC.defendedD.rejected(6)Hourlybillingisthebestwaytobechargedforlegalservices.About95percentoflawyersstillperformtheirlegalworkonanhourlybasis.Ifyouwantsomethingbetterthantheoldbillbythehourdeal,trypresentingoneofthesebillingstructures.ProjectbillingforroutineissuesIfyourlegalnee