冠詞的用法完全歸納

1、冠詞的用法一.冠詞的種類(lèi): 1. 定冠詞: the 2. 不定冠詞: a / an 當(dāng)緊跟不定冠詞之后的單詞是輔音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)該用a, 當(dāng)緊跟不定冠詞之后的單詞是元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)該用 an.。 a + 輔音 a wallet, a European country an + 元音 an hour, an 8-year-old boy 一般說(shuō)來(lái),冠詞應(yīng)放在名詞或名詞詞組的最前面. a matter, an easy problem, a necessary action, the world, the old stone bridge,注意:在以下六種詞中,只能使用其中的一種

2、詞修飾名詞:冠詞、指示代詞(如:this, that, these, those)、形容詞性物主代詞(如:my, your, his, her等)名詞所有格(如:Toms, the Smiths)、不定代詞(如:every, each, any)以及疑問(wèn)代詞(如:which, what).1. 我的一位朋友 (不能說(shuō): my a friend) a friend of mine 或 one of my friends2.你的這兩位老師 (不能說(shuō):your the two teachers) the two teachers of yours3.哪一把傘是你的? (不能說(shuō):Which an um

3、brella is yours?) Which umbrella is yours? 4. 一輛這種自行車(chē) (不能說(shuō):a this kind of bike) a bike of this kind5.每隔幾天一次 (不能說(shuō):once every a few days) once every few days三.冠詞的用法1.a / an 表示數(shù)量 “一”,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量 “一”.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量“一”,應(yīng)該用one.請(qǐng)比較: I have a brother. (想告訴別人: “我”有兄弟,雖然提到了 “一個(gè)”,但想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 “我”不是獨(dú)生子女,或想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 “我”不是有姐妹.) I have o

4、nly one brother. (想告訴別人: “我”并沒(méi)有兩個(gè)、三個(gè)兄弟.)2.不表示數(shù)量 “一”,而是表示類(lèi)別,可以在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前加a /an. A horse runs faster than an elephant.注意:也可以在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前加the或在復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加 任何冠詞表示類(lèi)別.不可數(shù)名詞表示類(lèi)別時(shí)不加任何冠詞. 例如: The horse runs faster than the elephant. Horses run faster than elephants. One can not live without air or water.3.對(duì)于說(shuō)話者特指但聽(tīng)話

5、者還不知的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(人或物),第一 次提到時(shí),前面經(jīng)常加a / an;再次提到才加the,這時(shí),說(shuō)話者和聽(tīng)話者都知道是特指哪一個(gè)人或物. At a science museum in Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. Last year I was lucky enough to have a chance to visit the museum. I bought a computer 3 years ago, but I have s

6、old the computer (=it) already.4.在形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞前加the可以表示一類(lèi)人或物,且表示復(fù)數(shù). the poor, the sick, the following, the wounded, the English, the French5.在最高級(jí)副詞前可以加the,也可以不加the;在最高級(jí)形容詞前 一般要加the; 但是, 如果不表示 “最”, 而是表示“非?！? 則應(yīng) 在最高級(jí)形容詞前加 a / an, She sings (the) most beautifully in our school. Xiamen is the most beau

7、tiful city in Fujian Province. Xiamen is a most (=very) beautiful city.6.在序數(shù)詞前一般要加the表示順序;但如果表示數(shù)量的增加,表示“又一”,相當(dāng)于 “another”的意思,則要在序數(shù)詞前加 a / an. This is the second time that I have seen the film. Ive had two cakes, but Id like a third (=another) one. 7.提到了“演奏”的樂(lè)器前和提到了“發(fā)明”的物名前要加 the. She often practises

8、 playing the piano after supper. (比較:There is a piano near the window of the living room.) -What do you think was the most useful invention in the 20th century? -The cell phone, I think. Who invented the cell phone? (比較:Do you own a telephone?)8.在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的名詞和含有普通名詞的專(zhuān)有名詞前要加the. the world, the moon (比較

9、:Sitting down in front of their computers, they leave a familiar world and enter a place where things act instrange ways.) the United States of America, the Great Wall (比較:America, China, New York)9.在和介詞by連用的表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、重量的名詞前加the, 表示“按計(jì)算”. by the month, by the yard, by the dozen, by the gallon 注意:在和介詞b

10、y連用的weight, length前不加the.例如: These cigarettes are sold by weight. Cloth is often sold by length.10.在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前加the,表示全家人或該夫婦兩人. the Whites, the Smiths, the Wangs11.在比較級(jí)形容詞前加the,可以表示兩者中“比較些的那個(gè)”或 “ 越, 就越”. the taller of the two boys the more expensive of the coats The farther away from the earth we are, t

11、he thinner the air becomes.12.在表示江河、湖泊、山脈、海洋、群島、海峽、沙漠等地理名詞前加the. the River Nile, the West Lake, the Ural Mountains (the Urals), the Pacific Ocean, the English Channel 13.在一些固定詞組中要用the. in the morning, in the hope of, with the help of, out of the question (不可能)14.在一些固定詞組中要用a / an. have a rest, have a

12、 break, take a walk, have a look, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour四.不用冠詞的幾種情況.1.指球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)前, 以及在和介詞by連用的交通工具與通訊方式前不用冠詞. He seldom plays football on Sunday morning. They came to Shanghai by ship (water, plane, air, train). We informed him by telegram that we wo

13、uld arrive early inthe morning. 注意:如果交通工具名詞或通訊方式名詞用了復(fù)數(shù)形式或前面有了修飾語(yǔ),就不能使用介詞by,而要用in, on.例如: We can go there on bikes. Instead of writing to her mother, she likes talking to her on the telephone. 2.在 go to之后加地點(diǎn)名詞,表示去從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng),不用冠詞;和介詞in連用,表示在從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng),也不用冠詞. go to school / in school go to hospital / in hospit

14、al go to class / in class go to bed / in bed 注意:在以上詞組中如果使用冠詞,則表示到某個(gè)地點(diǎn)去或在某個(gè)地點(diǎn).例如: Im going to the hospital to tell Dr. Li something important. -Where is your father? -He is in the school.3.在三餐飯前或在四個(gè)季節(jié)前不加冠詞. Sometimes, she has lunch at school. When autumn comes, leaves turn yellow. 注意:如果在三餐飯、四個(gè)季節(jié)的前面或后

15、面有修飾語(yǔ),則應(yīng)加冠詞.例如: In the autumn of 1949, our hometown was liberated. In a cold winter, he left his hometown for Shanghai. We had a good supper at her home. 4.作表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的職務(wù)頭銜名詞前不加冠詞.例如: They elected Bush President of the USA. Jack, head of our workshop, didnt agree with us. Who is chairman of

16、the meeting? 5.在表示地名、人名、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前不加冠詞;在稱(chēng)呼前也不加冠詞.例如: London, Shakespear, importance, sand Hi, little friend! Good morning, boys and girls! 但以下情況要加冠詞. Its a pleasure.(指一件令人快樂(lè)的事情) The water in this well is very dirty. (特指) Our journey by camel was quite an experience. (轉(zhuǎn)義) Christmas Day, Womens Day 注意

17、:在“春節(jié)”和“中秋節(jié)”之前要加the. 例如: the Spring Festival, the Mid-autumn Day out of question (不成問(wèn)題) in time (按時(shí)) in turn (輪流) at midnight / at daybreak /at dawn/at sunrise Child as he is, he is very brave. (雖然他是個(gè)孩子, 但是他很勇敢.) It is time that we started out. (我們現(xiàn)在該出發(fā)了.)8特別要注意：(1)用定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別，如：the second student(

18、第二個(gè)學(xué)生)-a second student(又一個(gè)學(xué)生)；the most interesting book(最有趣的書(shū))-a most interesting book(一本非常有趣的書(shū))；the world(世界)-a better world(一個(gè)更好的世界)；play the piano(彈鋼琴)一buy a piano(買(mǎi)一臺(tái)鋼琴)。 (2)用零冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別，如：Mr Li(李先生)-a Mr Li(一個(gè)自稱(chēng)姓李的先生)；have lunch(吃中餐)-have a rich lunch(吃一頓豐盛的中餐)；wind(風(fēng))一a strong wind(一陣大風(fēng))；play

19、 basketball(打籃球)-buy a basketball(買(mǎi)一個(gè)籃球)；New York(紐約)一a New York in China(在中國(guó)的紐約)；have words with sb(與某人爭(zhēng)吵)-have a word with sb(與某人談話)；help(幫助)success(成功)experience(經(jīng)驗(yàn))-a help(幫手)a success(成功的人或事)an experience(一次經(jīng)歷)。 (3)用零冠詞與定冠詞的區(qū)別，如：Shanghai(上海)-the Shanghai you see today(你今天所見(jiàn)的上海)；history(歷史)-the

20、history of Qing Dynasty(清朝歷史)；in bed(躺在床上)-on the bed(在床上)；in hospital(住院)-in the hospital(在醫(yī)院)；in front of(在前面)-in the front of(在前部)；at most=at the most(至多)；at least=at the least(至少)。回放真題真題l(2004甘肅、青海卷35) -John，there is _Mr Wilson on the phone for you -Im in（ ) bath Aa；the Bthe；a Ca；不填 D. the；不填 【答

21、案及解析】A不定冠詞修飾人名時(shí)，表示初次提到一個(gè)人，或者說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要或不想具體說(shuō)明是哪一個(gè)。根據(jù)談話的內(nèi)容，所說(shuō)的bath(澡堂，浴室)顯然是說(shuō)話雙方都知道的，故前面須加定冠詞，因此答案選A。真題2(2004重慶卷32) The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution A不填；不填 Bthe；不填 Cthe；the Da；the 【答案及解析】C part意指作用。特指工業(yè)革命時(shí)期所起的作用應(yīng)加the，由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前用the。因

22、此c為正確答案。真題3(2004廣東卷28) While he was investigating ways to improve the telescopeNewton made discover which completely changed _mans understanding of colour Aa；不填 Ba；the C不填；the Dthe；a 【答案及解析】A根據(jù)句子的意思，牛頓的一次發(fā)現(xiàn)，是泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞；而人類(lèi)的觀念，不是某一個(gè)人，故在man前不能用冠詞，答案選A。真題4(2004福建卷23) Its _world of wonders，_world where a

23、nything can happen A. a；the B. a；a Cthe；a D不填；不填 【答案及解析】B 世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前一般用定冠詞，但當(dāng)此名詞帶有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞，故答案選B。 真題5(2004湖北卷23) There was _time _I hated to go to schoo1. A. a；that Ba；when Cthe；that Dthe：when 【答案及解析】 B 根據(jù)句子的意思，并沒(méi)有明確表明某一段時(shí)間，因此，這是泛指一段時(shí)間，從而排除C、D；而從句的主、謂、賓等齊全，從而可知，a time在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故答案選B。真題6(2004遼寧卷

24、31) When you finish reading the book，you will have _ better understanding of_ life Aa；the Bthe；a C不填；the Da：不填 【答案及解析】 D表示對(duì)某東西有所了解時(shí)，習(xí)慣在understanding前加不定冠詞；而life泛指生活時(shí)，前面不用任何冠詞，故答案選D。真題7(2004浙江卷22) The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coastIt is _17th century cottage Athe； Ban；the C；the Dan：a

25、【答案及解析】D 根據(jù)house、cottage,兩個(gè)空都必須填冠詞，從而排除A、C；第二空后的17th century只表示房子的年代特征，而不表示具體的順序.真題8(2004江蘇卷27) 8. Tom owns _ larger collection of _books than any other student in our A. the；不填 Ba；不填 Ca；the D不填：the 【答案及解析】 B 第一空填不定冠詞，a collection of是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：的收集品。a+抽象名詞+of，這樣的短語(yǔ)還有：a knowledge of，a waste of，a variety

26、 ofa number of，a way of等。第二空后的名詞泛指書(shū)籍，因此不用冠詞。真題9(全國(guó)河南、河北、山東、福建24) When you come here for your holiday next time，dont go to _hotel：I can find you _bed in my flat A. the；a Bthe；不填 Ca；the Da；不填 【答案及解析】 A 本題考查冠詞用法。find sba bed為固定短語(yǔ)，意為為某人安排床鋪；前面go to the hotel或go to a hotel都可以。用排除法可得出答案選A。真題10(2004四川卷31)

27、10. If you buy more than ten，they knock 20 pence off _ A. a price Bprice Cthe price Dprices 【答案及解析】C the price表特指買(mǎi)10個(gè)物品所要的價(jià)錢(qián)，故要加定冠詞the。真題11(2004天津卷24) When he left _college，he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office. A不填；a B不填；the Ca；the Dthe；the 【答案及解析】A當(dāng)“college，school，hospital”等名詞表示一種狀態(tài)時(shí)，前面不

28、能用冠詞修飾；而reporter表示泛指某種身份時(shí)，前面加不定冠詞。故答案選A。真題13(2004湖南卷26) 13. For a long time they walked without saying _wordJim was the first to break _silence Athe：a Ba；the Ca；不填 Dthe；不填 【答案及解析】B第一空填不定冠詞，表示泛指，意思是“一句話”；第二空填定冠詞，特指前面“沒(méi)有說(shuō)一句話而形成的沉默”。真題14(北京春季卷28) On _news today，there were _reports of heavy snow in that

29、 area Athe：the Bthe；不填 C不填；不填 D不填；the 【答案及解析】B因news后有today修飾，特指“今天的新聞”，故用the；第二空泛指某方面的報(bào)道，并非特指，reports為復(fù)數(shù)，故其前不用冠詞。真題15(2004上海春季卷28) As a rule。domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid_ Aby the hour Bby hour Cby all hour Dby hours 【答案及解析】B by為介詞，意為“以為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或單位，以計(jì)”。主要有兩種表達(dá)方式：by +the+度量名詞，如：by the day，by th

30、e yard；by+范疇名詞如：by time，by weight，by length。真題16(2003全國(guó)卷26) The sign reads “In case of _fire，break the glass and push _red button” A不填：a B不填；the Cthe；the Da；a 【答案及解析】 B fire是物質(zhì)名詞，其前可用零冠詞或定冠詞。泛指時(shí)用零冠詞，特指時(shí)用定冠詞。前一個(gè)空表泛指，因而用零冠詞；后一個(gè)空要填定冠詞，特指那個(gè)紅色的按鈕。譯文：標(biāo)志上寫(xiě)著“如果發(fā)生火災(zāi)，打碎玻璃并按下紅色按鈕”。真題17(2003上海卷25) I earn 10 dol

31、lars _hour as _supermarket cashier on Saturdays A. a；an Bthe；a Can；a Dan；the 【答案及解析】C hour以元音開(kāi)頭，前面加不定冠詞an，an hour每小時(shí)；。表示“一個(gè)”，放在supermarket cashier前面表示類(lèi)指，說(shuō)明人的身份。譯文：星期六我做超市出納員每小時(shí)掙10美元。aan的用法規(guī)則：以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前用an，以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前用a。真題18(2003北京春季卷24) Theres _dictionary on _desk by your side Aa；the Ba；a Cthe；a Dt

32、he：the 【答案及解析】 A desk后有by your side修飾表特定的，故前面要用the；there be后的名詞常用非特定形式，故用a。真題19(2003安徽春季卷23) -Where is my blue shirt? -Its in the washing machineYou have to wear _different one Aany Bthe Ca D0ther 【答案及解析】 C題意只是簡(jiǎn)單地表示“需另一件衣服”，由于不知“我”共有幾件衣服，排除B；other前無(wú)the，后需用復(fù)數(shù)名詞，排除D；any強(qiáng)調(diào)“任意一個(gè)”，排除A。真題20(2003上海春季卷23) A

33、n accident happened at _crossroads a few metres away from _bank Aa；a B不填；a C不填；the Dthe：不填 【答案及解析】 A at a crossroads表示“十字路L1”，crossroads是復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)用法；bank是可數(shù)名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，前要加冠詞或用復(fù)數(shù)。此處是泛指前面要用不定冠詞a。真題21(2002全國(guó)卷26) 。 Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience A不填；the B不填；an Can

34、；an Dthe, the 【答案及解析】C airplane和experience都是可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，前要加不定冠詞。譯文：從一萬(wàn)英尺高的飛機(jī)里跳出來(lái)是一次令人激動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷。真題22(2002上海卷21) One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _good knowledge of basic word formation A Bthe Ca Done 【答案及解析】C a knowledge of sth為固定短語(yǔ)，意思為：對(duì)某事物有一點(diǎn)了解。knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)被某些修飾語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，前面要加不定冠詞，如

35、：He has a very good knowledge of English他在英語(yǔ)方面有豐富的知識(shí)。其題23(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷26) I dont like talking on _telephone；I prefer writing_ letters Aa；the Bthe；不填 Cthe；the Da；不填 【答案及解析】B從第一空可排除A和D，因?yàn)楸绢}意思是：“我”不喜歡在電話上(即通過(guò)電話)談話。on the telephone通過(guò)電話，on a telephone是指在一部電話上，類(lèi)似的還有-"on the radio，on the internet，on Tv等。后一個(gè)空應(yīng)是泛指，不用the也不用a(因?yàn)槭菑?fù)數(shù))。真題24(2002上海春季卷22) The cakes are deliciousHe