2012年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)—非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中考語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)中考語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的基本用法是做放在主語(yǔ)之后做謂語(yǔ)。eg. I work in a factory. 當(dāng)句中有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如在需要用動(dòng)詞就只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重要包括：動(dòng)詞不定式（to do)、動(dòng)名詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)詞不定式1、動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it做形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末.其結(jié)構(gòu)是 Its +adj.+of/ for sb + to do. Eg .To learn English well is usefulIts use

2、ful to learn well.注意：此時(shí)用注意：此時(shí)用of還是用還是用for 關(guān)鍵是看形容詞形容的關(guān)鍵是看形容詞形容的是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么樣用是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么樣用for,反之如形反之如形容人的性格特征的用容人的性格特征的用of 1）Its very kind _you to help me.2）Its necessary _us to master a foreign language.3) Its nice _you to invite us.4) Its interesting _ us to play football.offoroffor1）一些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)詞

3、不定式做賓語(yǔ)。如）一些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)。如:want, decide, hope, agree, wish, need ,promise, would like, plan等等。eg. We hope_(see) the film. Would you like _(go) with us?to seeto go2)在find, think后用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。Eg. I find _necessry _ (master) a foreign language.to seeitto master3）常見(jiàn)的一些用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：Why no

4、t do-,had better(not) do, would rather do- than do, could/would you please doEg. I woul rather _(stay) at home than _(go) out.staygo3.不定式做賓補(bǔ)1)不定式做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，與賓語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有tell, ask,want, allow, get, invite, encourage等。否定形式在to do前加not1) My mother often encourage me _(study) hard.2) We dont allow peop

5、le _(smoke) here.3) The students are often told_(not give) up.4) He asked me _(not drive) here.to studyto smokenot to givenot to drive2)使讓動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞用省略to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ)Eg.1.The boss made the workers _(work) for another 2 hours. 2. I saw lucy _(go) out just now.workgoEg. Would you like something _(eat)?There i

6、s nothing _(worry) about.Have you got anything else _(say)He is often the first one_(get) here.to eatto worryto sayto get注意：此時(shí)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)必須將to 加上.如： Lucy was seen to go out just now.5.不定式放在疑問(wèn)詞不定式放在疑問(wèn)詞what, where, which how之后，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句之后，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句Eg. I dont know what _(do) tomorrow.=I dont know _ tomo

7、rrow.He didnt know where_(go) for the holiday.He didnt know where_ for the holiday.I wonder how_(處理）it next.I wonder how _it next.I should deal withto goWhat I should doto deal withhe would goto go二、動(dòng)名詞1.動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Eg. _(collect) stamps _(be) my favorite.Collectingis2. keep, enj

8、oy,preferto , mind, cant help, finish,feel like,practise ,Would you mind _(smoke) here?Knives are used for _(cut) things.smokingcutting1.做定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞前，分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞前，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面。作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面。三、分詞三、分詞。 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞+ing)和過(guò)去分詞兩和過(guò)去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、種，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被

9、動(dòng)、完成。完成。1）This is a _(read) room.2) His _(speak) English is very good.3) Do you know the man _(stand) under the tree.4) The woman swept the leaves _(fall ) on the ground.fallenstandingspokenreading2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表伴隨Eg. The students went out of the class, _ (talk) and _(laugh)talkinglaughingEg. Dont keep

10、us _(wait) for so long.She speaks loudly to make herself_(hear).I heard her _(sing) in the next room when I passed by.We have to make our hair _(cut)waitingheardsingingcut四、注意區(qū)分：1、動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)：無(wú)差別：無(wú)差別 begin , start Lets begin _(have) an English class.to have /having：有一定差別：有一定差別 li

11、ke , love, hateDoing表示愛(ài)好，表示愛(ài)好，to do 表示具體動(dòng)作。如：表示具體動(dòng)作。如：I like _(swim) a lot ,but this evening I love _(go) skating.swimmingto go C：差別很大：差別很大動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 to do sth.（未做）（未做）+doing sth.（已做）（已做）remember記得要做某事記得要做某事記得曾做某事記得曾做某事forget忘記做某事忘記做某事忘記做了某事忘記做了某事stop停下來(lái)去做另一事停下來(lái)去做另一事停止正做的事停止正做的事try盡力去做某事盡力去做某事嘗試做某事嘗試做某事Sh

12、e tried a composition.她試著寫(xiě)作文。她試著寫(xiě)作文。writing她設(shè)法（盡力）打電話給你。她設(shè)法（盡力）打電話給你。She tried you .to callI remember the door just now.我記得我剛才開(kāi)了門(mén)。我記得我剛才開(kāi)了門(mén)。openingPlease remember the door after work.to close請(qǐng)記住下班后關(guān)門(mén)。請(qǐng)記住下班后關(guān)門(mén)。I forgot him the news.我忘記已經(jīng)告訴他這個(gè)消息了。我忘記已經(jīng)告訴他這個(gè)消息了。I forgot him the news .to tell我忘記了告訴他這個(gè)消息

13、。我忘記了告訴他這個(gè)消息。tellingTest 一、一、選擇選擇1. He has promised better latter. A. behaving B. behave C. to behave2. He hated her. A. trouble B. to troubling C. to trouble 3. He stopped when the teacher came in. A. to talk B. talking C. talked4. I have finished the room. A. clean B. to read it C. cleaning5. I gi

14、ve you a book . A. to read B. to read it C. reading it6. There is nothing for us . A. to worry B. to worry about C. worrying aboutCCBCAB二、改錯(cuò)二、改錯(cuò)1. One day a cat hold a mouse and wanted eating it.2. I enjoy listening foreign music.3. The workers were made work day and night.4. Please let me to get ou

15、t of this dirty place.( to eat )( to )( to )5. At last he agreed stay here.6. After they got to the top of the mountain , they stopped having a rest. 7. She would like staying at home on Sundays.8. I told the boy dont to tie the dog under the tree. ( to )( to have )( to stay )( not ) 感官動(dòng)詞既可以跟不帶to的不定

16、式做賓補(bǔ)也可以跟現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)，用不定式做賓補(bǔ)表示的動(dòng)作經(jīng)常做或做了，跟現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。1） I saw her _(play) basketball when I met her.2) I often saw her _(play) basketball last week.3) I heard lucy_(go) downstairs and _(go) out.playingplaygogoMy bike needs _(repair),and I want _(repair) it.repairing to repairTo do 表示被動(dòng)，與主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，d

17、oing 表示主動(dòng)，與主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系如：interesting 與interested；exciting與excited等的區(qū)別。 如：Im very _(surprise) at the _(surprise) matter. surprisedsurprising1.Wed better _ at once . A. start B. to start C. starting D. started2. I saw him _ in the classroom . A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping3. We have worked l

18、ong hours . Lets stop _ a rest. A. to have B. having C. from having D. have4. Id love _ a movie . A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw5. Dont forget _ the light before you go out . A. to turn on B. to turn off C. turn off D. turning on6. I told you _ in class. A. to sleep B. not to sleep C. not sleepin

19、g 7. Sorry , I have kept you _ so long . A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting8. The bad weather stopped us _ a picnic. A. to have B. having C. from having D. had A A A A B B D C 9. Why not _ games with your classmate? A. to play B. playing C. play D. played10.Tom doesnt know _ a bike? A. how to r

20、ide B. how ride C. how does he ride11.I m thirsty .Can I have something _? A. eating B. to drink C. drinking D. to eat12. We are not sure _? A. when to leave B. when leave C, when leaves13. Hanmei stopped _ the cleaning and listened to music. A. to do B. doing C. and did D. did14. _ is interesting _

21、 football. A. It , play B. This , to play C. It , to play 15. I often watch him _tennis. A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays C A D A BC B16.Have you finished _ the book ? No, Ill try _ it to you A. reading , to return B. reading , returning C. to read, returning D. to read , to return17. The boss

22、 made the workers _ long hours A. to work B. work C. working D. worked18. The doctor told us _ more water. A. to drink B. drinking C. drink D. drank19.Why dont you stop _? Begin _! A. talking, to work B. to work , talking C. to talk , to work D. working, talking20. My brother enjoys _ to music. A. l

23、isten B. to listen C. listening D.listened21. Thank you for _ me your pen. A.borrow B. borrowing C. to lend D. lending A B A A C D1,-Can you tell me _English at home? -Listen to the English programme. A, how to read B, how to learn C, when to use D, where to use2, Please tell Lin Feng _to turn off t

24、helights when he _. A, to not forget , leave B, dont forget, will leave C, not forget , leaving D, not to forget , leaves3, -Would you mind _with me ? -Of course not . A, taking photos B, to take photos C, takes photos D, take photos B D A4, -Jenny , let me tell you a secret. I am tired of my mum th

25、ese days . -Why? -She makes me _at Nanshan stadium every Sunday afternoon. A, dance B, danced C, to dance D, dancing5, Its nice _me with my Chinese A, for you to help B, of you to help C, to you of helping 6, -Why dont you start the machine ? -This is new and I dont know _it A, where to start B, when to start C, how to start D, what to start A B C C7, When I went by Jeans house , I heard her _a song to the music