短命井論文：短命井原因分析及治理措施

1、短命井論文：短命井原因分析及治理措施【中文摘要】勝利采油廠勝坨寧海油田經(jīng)過四十多年的勘探開發(fā),勝坨、寧海油田進(jìn)入高含水開發(fā)后期,由于受高含水、高含砂、高礦化度介質(zhì),以及泵掛深,井況差等因素的綜合影響,導(dǎo)致油井免修期短,部分井頻繁作業(yè),嚴(yán)重制約著油田開發(fā),綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的提高。近年來,通過細(xì)化技術(shù)管理,加強(qiáng)技術(shù)改進(jìn),油井免修期下滑的趨勢得到了較好的控制,油井免修期逐年延長,但仍然沒有大的改變。因此,必須采取綜合措施治理“短命井”,以達(dá)到提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的。本文通過對抽油桿偏磨的治理,從造成油井桿管偏磨的原因：管柱結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)參數(shù)、泵掛深度、產(chǎn)出液性質(zhì)、井況等五個方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地分析。管柱結(jié)構(gòu)方面：當(dāng)總成

2、錨定時容易引起管柱彎曲,導(dǎo)致桿管偏磨；管柱上封隔器的級數(shù)越多,偏磨越嚴(yán)重。生產(chǎn)參數(shù)方面：相同泵掛下,生產(chǎn)參數(shù)越大,抽油桿柱慣性載荷和振動載荷越大,對抽油桿穩(wěn)定性的影響越大,發(fā)生桿管偏磨的頻率越高。泵掛深度方面：當(dāng)生產(chǎn)參數(shù)一定時,泵掛越深,抽油桿柱也越易失穩(wěn)發(fā)生彎曲偏磨。產(chǎn)出液性質(zhì)方面：產(chǎn)出液粘度越大,液體通過游動凡爾的摩擦阻力越大,越易造成桿柱彎曲發(fā)生偏磨；產(chǎn)出液含砂量越大,柱塞與泵筒間的摩擦力越大,從而造成桿柱下行阻力越大,加劇偏磨的發(fā)生。井況方面：方位角和座標(biāo)變化大的井,容易造成桿管接觸發(fā)生偏磨；泵掛深度超過斜井拐點(diǎn),泵掛越深,偏磨越嚴(yán)重。然后通過基礎(chǔ)資料和現(xiàn)場資料分析判斷出因桿管偏磨引起

3、的躺井,找準(zhǔn)主要原因后結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的工藝技術(shù),給與針對性的工藝措施治理。對腐蝕程度高引起的偏磨,實(shí)施定期加緩蝕劑,在油管表面和抽油桿表面形成較厚的潤滑膜,既降低腐蝕作用,又起到潤滑作用,減緩桿管偏磨。針對井況引起偏磨的工藝技術(shù)：使用雙向保護(hù)抽油桿接箍、抗磨副抽油桿、抽油桿自動旋轉(zhuǎn)裝置等先進(jìn)工藝,減緩桿管偏磨,給偏磨短命井的治理指明了思路。出砂是油田開采過程中砂粒隨流體從油層中運(yùn)移出來的現(xiàn)象,是油井生產(chǎn)中所面臨的困難之一,出砂不僅會導(dǎo)致油井減產(chǎn)或停產(chǎn)以及地面和井下設(shè)備磨損,而且會加劇套管損壞、嚴(yán)重時可能導(dǎo)致油井報廢,因此進(jìn)行出砂預(yù)測及治理方案研究就顯得尤為重要。通過對防砂種類的介紹,防砂方法選擇上的

4、闡述,防砂效果的評價為防砂工作的開展提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。抽油泵失效也是“短命井”頻發(fā)的主要形式之一,針對含氣量大,礦化度高,含硫化氫腐蝕、水敏、能量差、結(jié)蠟的區(qū)塊,對抽油泵的基礎(chǔ)件進(jìn)行材料改進(jìn),通過材料的改進(jìn),強(qiáng)度和抗腐蝕性能大大提高,有效地減少了“短命井”的數(shù)量。過防頂沖砂工藝技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,一方面套管變形嚴(yán)重導(dǎo)致油水井套管縮徑井、套管串漏返水井增多,從而目前卡封技術(shù)不能對油井高壓差高含水井、油水井封縮徑井、套管腐蝕結(jié)垢油水井、層間差異大分采分注井、油水井套漏封串井實(shí)現(xiàn)長期有效卡封的問題,另一方面解決了管柱復(fù)雜,后續(xù)措施實(shí)施帶來隱患?！居⑽恼縎hengLi production second d

5、istrict of ShengTuo NingHai oilfield 40 years of exploration and development, second district of ShengTuo oilfield enters into high water cut,NingHai later, restricted by developing high water, high contain arenaceous, high salinity medium, the pump and poor hang deep, well conditions, resulting in

6、the comprehensive influence factors are expounded, part of short-term oil Wells, frequent homework, constrain the comprehensive economic benefit of oilfield development enhancement. In recent years, through detailed technical management, strengthening technical improvement, expounded the downward tr

7、end in oil Wells (got better control, holder has extended period of oil, but still no big change. Therefore, we must take comprehensive measures to prevent “well”, in order to achieve short-lived improve the economic efficiency.This article through to sucker rod, so biased wear governance from oil s

8、tem tube caused biased wear reason:string structure, production parameters, pump hang depth, produced fluid properties, well conditions on five aspects of a detailed analysis. String structure:when assembly anchoring easily causes string bending, lead to stem tube partial ground; String on the serie

9、s packer, the more serious the more eccentric wear. Production parameters aspects:the same pump hang the production parameters, sucker rod column inertial load and vibration load of sucker rod, the greater the effect of stability, the greater the biased wear occurred stem tube, the higher the freque

10、ncy. Pump hang depth aspects:when the production parameters must, pump the deeper, hang the sucker rod column is also more easily occur bending eccentric wear instability. Output fluid properties aspects:output, the greater the liquid through liquid viscosity of all frictional resistance, swimming,

11、the more it is apt to cause the rod string eccentric wear bending happen; Sand content of produced fluid, the greater the plunger pump cylinder with the friction between the rod string, the greater the resulting downstream resistance is larger, the occurrence of intensifying the eccentric wear. Well

12、 conditions aspects:azimuth and coordinates change big Wells, easy to cause the stem tube eccentric wear contact occurred; Pump deeper than shafts inflection point that hang the deeper, slant pump hang grinding the more serious. Then, through the base material and field data analysis by stem tube ju

13、dge the eccentric wear lay Wells, caused mainly alignment causes combine existing technology, give specific technological measures to management. The high degree of corrosion caused by eccentric wear, implement regular gal corrosion inhibitor, at the tubing surface and sucker rod surface forming thi

14、cker of lubricant, both reduce corrosion function, and a slowing lubrication, eccentric wear stem tube. According to well conditions cause partial grinding technology:use two-way protection sucker rod are setting up, anti-wear vice sucker rod, sucker rod automatically rotating device etc advanced te

15、chnology, slow stem tube eccentric wear well, give slant grinding pointed out the governance of short-lived thinking.The sand is oilfield exploitation process in oil layer with fluid from sand, is the phenomenon of migration out of oil well production, one of the difficulties faced by oil from sand

16、will lead not only to cut production and ground and underground or equipment wear and tear, but exacerbate the casing damage, serious when may result in oil Wells are out, so scrap sand prediction and management scheme researches are particularly important. Through the introduction of sand control t

17、ype on choosing 41.9% this method for the evaluation, sand control effect cappability work development provides theoretical basis.Pump failure is “well” frequent short-lived, according to one of the main form of containing the decency, high salinity, hydrogen sulfide-bearing corrosion, water sensiti

18、vity, energy is bad, the paraffin to block, pump improvement based on material, through a material improvement, strength and corrosion resistance greatly improved, effectively reduce the number of well” “short-lived.The frontier top application of blasting technology, on the one hand, casing deforma

19、tion serious cause the oil Wells casing shrink diameter well, the casing string of leakage current multiplied, thus returns Wells to seal technology can not oil card containing Wells, high-pressure difference high oil Wells sealing shrink diameter well casing and scaling oil Wells, corrosion large difference between layers in separate injection Wells, portion of seal leakage of oil Wells well sealed achieve long-term effective card, on the other hand solved string complex, the subsequent measures to implement bring ha