山東省濱州市2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法十動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析(含參考答案)

1、中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to +動(dòng)詞原形"，否定形式是在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，但沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式及其賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。1 .作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用動(dòng)名詞替換且常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)詞不定式后置，常構(gòu)成“ It + be +adj.( + for sb.) +動(dòng)詞不定式”。It's important (for us) to protect the environment1對(duì)我們來(lái)說)保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。2 .

2、作表語(yǔ)My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。3 .作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)接 to do 作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree,seem, would like, plan 等。(2)接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。(3)在使役動(dòng)詞 make, let, have 和感官系動(dòng)詞feel, look, smell等的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省他h

3、elp后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。4 .作定語(yǔ)I have a lot of homework to do.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要有相關(guān)的介詞。The cat is easy to take care of.這只貓很容易照顧。5 .作狀語(yǔ)Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女兒。(目的)We're glad to meet you here.我們很高興在這兒見到你。(原因)He is too tired to work on.他太累了不

4、能繼續(xù)工作了。(結(jié)果)6 . “疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞 who, what, when, where, how, which等后接動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。He didn't know where to go（= where he should go） .他不知道去哪里。7 .含動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型與短語(yǔ)too. to. 太而不能Why don't you do sth. ?為什么不做某事？had better do sth.

5、最好做某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事be made to do sth.被迫做某事齦蹤訓(xùn)練1. （ 2018 湖北咸寧中考改編 ）Remember some fruit when you come back.A. buyingB. to buyC. buyD. bought2. （ 2018 湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考改編 ）The weather report says it's going to have a shower thisIt does? We'd better

6、 now, just in case.A. to leaveB. leavingC. leaveD. left3. （ 2018 甘肅張掖中考）My two cousins decide a business together.A.to startB.startingC.startD.started4. （ 2018 黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考改編）We set up this group , disabled people like Ben Smith.A.helpB.to helpC.helpingD.helps5. （ 2018 -黑龍江綏化中考改編 ）People are supposed h

7、ands when they meet for the in America.A. shakingB. to shakeC. shakeD. shook6. （ 2018 -貴州中考）Parents should always tell their kids with strangers.A. not to talkB. not talkingC. to not talkD. not talkafternoon.first time7. （ 2018 四川成都中考改編 ）I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.A. to pi

8、ck up8. picking up9. picked upD. pick up8. ( 2018 四川達(dá)州中考)一I'd love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework. If you don't go,A. to do; so do IB. to do; nor will IC. doing; so will ID. do; neither am I9. ( 2018 四川樂山中考改編 )Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. Wait a minute. It's dang

9、erous it while crossing the street.A. answeringB. answerC. to answerD. to answering10. (2018 廣東中考 )After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.A. buildB. not buildC. to buildD. not to build11. (2018 貴州安順中考) You should do what you can your English

10、, Li Ming. OK, I will. Thank you, Ms.Hu.A. improveB. to improveC. improvingD. improved考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+ -ing ”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。1 .動(dòng)名詞常用結(jié)構(gòu)(1)只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞 (短語(yǔ))有 avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be inte

11、rested in doing, can't help doing, give up doing, makea. living (by) doing, put off doing等。(2)have + n. + (in) doinghave fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing等。to doing結(jié)構(gòu)，to是介詞be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay att

12、ention to doing, prefer doing to doing2.有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，但表達(dá)的意義不同。to do sth.停下來(lái)去做另一件事stopdoing sth.停止做某事to do sth. forgetdoing sth.忘記做某事忘記做過某事to do sth.記得去做某事rememberdoing sth. 記得做過某事to do sth. 盡力去做某事 trydoing sth.嘗試做某事regretto do sth.遺憾地去做某事doing sth.后悔做了某事跟蹤訓(xùn)場(chǎng)f1. （ 2019 預(yù)測(cè)）Have you forgotten $1,00

13、0 from me last month? Will you please rememberit tomorrow?A. borrowing; to bringB. to borrow; to bringC. borrowed; bringingD. borrowing; bringing2. （2017。黑龍江龍東中考改編 ）一Would you mind here?-Of course not. I'll my cigarette at once.A. not smoking; put awayB. not smoking; put outC. not to smoke; put

14、offD. not to smoke; put out3. （ 2019 預(yù)測(cè)）Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty the problem.A. working outB. having worked outC. to have worked outD. to work out4. （2017 湖北黃岡中考）Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world. Yeah! Many people can hardly avoi

15、d products made in China.A. to buyB. buyingC. boughtD. buy5. （2019。預(yù)測(cè)）My brother keeps me with my work.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. helped6. （ 2019 預(yù)測(cè)）I've enjoyed to talk with you.A. to be ableB. being ableC. to been ableD. of being able7. （ 2019 預(yù)測(cè)）Mr. Wang came into the office without the do

16、or.A. knockB. knocking atC. to knock atD. knocking to8. （ 2017 重慶中考 ）Dave is a good boy and he always finishes his homework on time.A.doB.didC.doesD.doing9. （ 2017 重慶渝北中考 ）There ar re some people soccer in the park.A.playB.playsC. playingD. to play10. （20,17 江蘇常州中考） Why doesn't the Surgeon stop

17、lunch?-Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.A. to have; to saveB. having; to saveC. to have; savingD. having; saving11 . （2017 江蘇淮安中考）The research he devotes himself to the farmers have a better harvest is very important.A. helpingB. to helpC. helpD. helped考點(diǎn)三 分詞1 .現(xiàn)在分詞由“動(dòng)詞原形

18、+ -ing ”構(gòu)成，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行意義，還具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。The crying girl can't find her mother.那個(gè)正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。（定語(yǔ)）The story is interesting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。（表語(yǔ)）I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)通過考試。（狀語(yǔ)）2 .過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成意義，在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀

19、語(yǔ)等。She is very tired.她很疲勞。（表語(yǔ)）The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那個(gè)男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。 （定語(yǔ)）She found the village greatly changed.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)村莊變化很大。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）3 .現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或者進(jìn)行。a sleeping child 一個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子a developing country 一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家boiling water正在沸騰的水a(chǎn) surprising look一個(gè)令人吃驚的表情（2）過去分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或者完成。the novel written by Lu Xun魯迅寫的那篇小說a singer surrounded by a group of fans被粉絲包圍的歌手fallen leaves 落葉a snow-covered city被雪覆蓋的城市:跟蹤訓(xùn)練i1. （2017。黑龍江龍東中考改編 ）一I saw