英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義講解與訓(xùn)練

1、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義1. feel, taste, sound, smell, look 等感官動(dòng)詞和keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, prove 等表示狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞/名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)或“to be + 形容詞 （名詞）”作表語(yǔ)時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，此時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)是被感知或描述的對(duì)象。例如:Silk feels very soft. 絲綢摸上去很柔軟?What you said sounded a bit reasonable. 你說(shuō)的聽(tīng)起來(lái)有點(diǎn)道理?The little baby looks like a small cat. 這嬰兒

2、看上去像只小貓?My room keeps clean all the time. 我的房間一直（被 ） 保持得很干凈?Einstein s theyolrater proved （to be） true. 愛(ài)因斯坦的理論后來(lái)（被 ）證明是正確的?2. wash, write, wear, sell, read, dry, clean, run, open 等動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？捎弥鲃?dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，注意:這類動(dòng)詞往往與easily, well, badly, smoothly 等副詞 連用，表示主語(yǔ)的屬性特征。例如:This kind of cloth washes easily. 這種布很

3、好洗。Food of this kind sells well. 這種食品很好賣。Nylon cleans easily 尼龍容易洗干凈。The coat dries easily 這種外衣容易干。3. take place, happen, hang, measure, weigh 等描述狀態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如:Great changes have taken place in our school in the last 5 years.過(guò)去 5 年里我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了巨大的變化。The hen weighs 3 kg. 這只母雞3 公斤重。His fami

4、ly photo hangs highly between the two windows.他的全家福（照片）高高地（被 ）掛在兩個(gè)窗戶之間。4. 與 can t/won t/hardly/never 等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞,如open, shut, move, lock 等 ,?？捎弥鲃?dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如:The door won' t open這門就是不能（被）打開(kāi)。The glass never moves! 這個(gè)杯子永遠(yuǎn)都不能動(dòng)。5. wear, blow, fly 等一些 不及物動(dòng)詞用于“主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) +（to be） + 形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí) ,可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如

5、:The trousers have worn old. 褲子已經(jīng)穿舊了。The window blew open. 窗戶被吹開(kāi)了。6. need, require, want 等表示“需要”意義的動(dòng)詞,后接動(dòng)詞的-ing 的主動(dòng)形式往往表示被動(dòng)含義。例如:The paper can t comeuto, because it needs improving.這篇論文不能發(fā)表,因?yàn)樗€需要修改。The old building requires painting again. 這棟老房子需要再粉刷一遍。注意 :前面兩句也可以改為：The paper can t come out, becaus

6、e it needs to be improdv.eThe old building requires to be painted again.7. 用 “ be（well） worth/deserve + doing ” 結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示被動(dòng)含義。例如:誤 : His idea is very worth considering. 他的想法值得考慮。正 : The film Hero is well worth seeing a second time. 電影英雄很值得再看一遍?The place deserves a visit/visiting/to be visited.8. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定

7、式作定語(yǔ)且與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用該不定式的主動(dòng)形式常?？梢员硎颈粍?dòng)含義。（不定式作定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。）例如：I have a lot of problems to settle at present.目前我有許多問(wèn)題需要解決？Do you have anything else to say?你還有什么要說(shuō)的 ？Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom 在找一間住的房間。（與room有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與T

8、om有主謂關(guān)系）He has a family to support.他要維持一個(gè)家庭。（與family有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與 he有主謂關(guān)系）Have you got any clothes to wash today?今天你有什么衣服要洗嗎 ？（指被問(wèn)的人洗衣服） 比較： Have you got any clothes to be washed today?你今天有什么衣服要洗嗎 ？（指問(wèn)話的人洗衣服）注意:在“therebe .句式中，如果動(dòng)詞不定式前沒(méi)有明確的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式或被動(dòng)形式均可，如果有邏輯主語(yǔ)，則用不定式的主動(dòng)形式 ？例如：有五封信等著回復(fù)？There are fiv

9、e letters to answer/to be answered.（也可譯為:There are five letters for me to answer.）9. difficult, easy, important, comfortable, convenient, dangerous, hard, cheap , expensive 等形容詞（表示難易、利弊等含義）作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式在其后作狀語(yǔ)，并與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式；動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞+不定式。例如：I find that his boo

10、ks are always difficult to understand.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的書(shū)總是很難理解。My brother is easy to deal with.我兄弟很容易相處。The math problem is not easy to work out.這道數(shù)學(xué)題不易解出。The question is difficult to answer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。I found the car comfortable to ride in.我覺(jué)得這種車很好坐。10. 主語(yǔ)是much, a great deal, little, what等，其表語(yǔ)如是不定式，則用不定式的主動(dòng)表 被動(dòng)。

11、What is to do? 做什么?Much is to do.太多要做的事。11. 一些固定句式中的主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)含義。例如： Who is to blame for the accident?誰(shuí)該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé) ？You are to blame for the accident.你應(yīng)為這事受動(dòng)責(zé)備。The house is to let.此房出租。A lot remains to do.還剩下許多事情要做。12. 一些“介詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)含義。例如： Class Three is in the charge of Mr Chen.三班由陳老師負(fù)責(zé) ？ The bui

12、lding is in the possession of Tom. 這棟樓是湯姆的 ? The plan is under discussion at the meeting. 計(jì)戈U正在會(huì)上討論 ? Don' t worry -everything is under control.別著急，一切都在掌握之中鞏固練習(xí)：第 5頁(yè) /共 3頁(yè)1. It is Tom who was for the incident.A. to blameB. blamingC. blamedD. to be blaming2. There were three e-mails for the secre

13、tary.A. to be repliedB. to reply toC. to reply3. On the wall two large portraits.A. hangsB. hangC. is hangedD. to be replied toD. hanged4. The house facing the riverA. is in possession ofC. is in the possession ofhim.B. is possession ofD. is in the possession by5. The old man is easy.A. to get along

14、C. to be got along6. Have you moved in the new house?B. to get along withD. to be got along with No. It needsA. cleanedB. cleaningC. to cleanD. being cleaned7. This kind of clothwell butshort.A. is washed; lastsB. washes; is lastedC. washes; lastsD. is washed; is lasted8. In summer fresh meat usuall

15、ylong.A. can t be keptB. can t keepC. isn t keptD. isn t keeping9. The question that the teacher raised was difficult for me.A. to answerB. to be answered C. to be answering D. answer10. What my mother saidto be true in the end.A. provedB. provingC. is provedD. to be proved11. The book is not intere

16、sting enough.A. to be publishingB. to publishC. publishD. published12. The old woman requires patiently.A. to take care ofB. to be taken care ofC. being taken care ofD. being taken care13. I can t go hwyitou, because I have a lot of things.A. to settleB. settlingC. to be settled D. settled14. Don t be worired. Your problems are.16. I learned yesterday that all these kind of problems areA. in discussionC. in the discussion15. This museum