高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全.doc

1、高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)1.直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。eg: I broke your CD player.(一般過(guò)去時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí))He told me he had broken my CD player.Jenny said, I have lost a book.(如今完成時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí))Jenny said she had lost a book.Mum said, Ill go to see a friend.(一般將來(lái)時(shí)改成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))Mum said she would go to see a friend.過(guò)去完成時(shí)保存原

2、有的時(shí)態(tài)He said, We hadnt finished our homework.He said they hadnt finished their homework.注意 直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理，過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。2.在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，假如從句中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化。如：Mary said, My brother is an enneer.Mary said her brother was and enneer.3.直接引語(yǔ)假如是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：He

3、said, Can you run, MikeHe asked Mike whether/if he could run.4.直接引語(yǔ)假如是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為tell(ask, order, beg等) (not) to do sth.句型。如：Pass me the water, please.said he.He asked him to pass her the water.5.直接引語(yǔ)假如是以Lets開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用suggest+動(dòng)名詞或從句的構(gòu)造。如：She said, Lets go to the cinema.She suggested going to

4、 the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.如今進(jìn)展時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作如今進(jìn)展時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)通常為瞬間動(dòng)詞。如：e, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。這些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)展時(shí)后不能再接詳細(xì)的時(shí)間。(1)用如今進(jìn)展時(shí)表示將來(lái)，指的是近期的，按方案或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(2)如今進(jìn)展時(shí)表示將來(lái)與表示正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于：前者通常用瞬間動(dòng)詞(有時(shí)一些常用動(dòng)詞也可以這樣用如：do)如：go, e, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者

5、通常是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。He is reading a novel.他在看小說(shuō)。The train is arriving soon.火車就要進(jìn)站了。(3)用如今進(jìn)展時(shí)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間，在句中或上下文中通常有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。(4)如今進(jìn)展時(shí)與一般如今時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于：前者表示的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作往往是可以改變的，而后者那么是根據(jù)規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，因此往往是不可改變或不可隨意改變的。What are you doing Friday下星期五你們打算干什么The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.飛機(jī)今晚七點(diǎn)半起飛。高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：助動(dòng)詞一.概念:助動(dòng)詞

6、是幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),語(yǔ)氣以及否認(rèn)或疑問(wèn)構(gòu)造的動(dòng)詞.助動(dòng)詞分為時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞和構(gòu)造助動(dòng)詞兩種.二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講:1) be +如今分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)。例如：They are having a meeting.他們正在開(kāi)會(huì)。English is being more and more important.英語(yǔ)如今越來(lái)越重要。2)be + 過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：The dow was broken by Tom.窗戶是湯姆打碎的。English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英語(yǔ)。3) be + 動(dòng)詞不定式，可表示以下內(nèi)容：a.表示最近

7、、將來(lái)的方案或安排。例如：He is to go to New York week.他下周要去紐約。We are to teach the freshmen.我們要教新生。說(shuō)明： 這種用法也可以說(shuō)成是一種將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法。b.表示命令。例如：You are to eplain this.對(duì)此你要做出解釋。He is to e to the offe this afternoon.要他今天下午來(lái)辦公室。c.征求意見(jiàn)。例如：How am I to answer him我該怎樣答復(fù)他Who is to go there誰(shuí)該去那兒呢d.表示相約、商定。例如：We are to meet at the s

8、chool gate at seven tomorrow morning.我們明天早晨7點(diǎn)在校門口集合。1)have +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：He has left for London.他已去了倫敦。By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。2)have + been +如今分詞，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)展時(shí)。例如：I have been studying English for ten years.我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)，已達(dá)十年之久。3)have +been +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式

9、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：English has been taught in China for many years.中國(guó)教英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)多年。3.助動(dòng)詞do 的用法1)構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。例如：Do you want to pass the CET你想通過(guò)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試嗎Did you study German你們學(xué)過(guò)德語(yǔ)嗎2)do + not 構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。例如：I do not want to be critized. 我不想挨批評(píng)。He doesnt like to study. 他不想學(xué)習(xí)。In the past, many students did not know the importance of

10、 English.過(guò)去，好多學(xué)生不知道英語(yǔ)的重要性。3) 構(gòu)成否認(rèn)祈使句。例如：Dont go there.不要去那里。Dont be so absent-minded.不要這么心不在焉。說(shuō)明： 構(gòu)成否認(rèn)祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4)放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣。例如：Do e to my birthday party.一定來(lái)參加我的生日宴會(huì)。I did go there.我確實(shí)去那兒了。I do miss you.我確實(shí)想你。5)用于倒裝句。例如：Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的事情。Only when we ben ou

11、r college life do we realize the importance of English.進(jìn)了大學(xué)以后，我們才認(rèn)識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性。說(shuō)明： 引導(dǎo)此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。6)用作代動(dòng)詞。例如：- Do you like Beijing-你喜歡北京嗎- Yes, I do.-是的，喜歡。(do用作代動(dòng)詞，代替like Beijing.)He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he 他知道如何開(kāi)車，對(duì)吧shall和will作為助動(dòng)詞可以與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)

12、。例如：I shall study harder at English. 我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。說(shuō)明：在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)法中，語(yǔ)法學(xué)家說(shuō)shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱。如今，尤其是在口語(yǔ)中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動(dòng)詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞，試比擬:He shall e.他必須來(lái)。(shall有命令的意味。)He will e.他要來(lái)。(will只與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)。)5.助動(dòng)詞should, would的用法1)should無(wú)詞義，只是shall的過(guò)去形

13、式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，只用于第一人稱。例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do week.我昨天給他打 ，問(wèn)他我下周干什么。比擬：What shall I do week I asked.我下周干什么我問(wèn)道?？梢哉f(shuō)，shall變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，變成了should。2) would也無(wú)詞義，是will的過(guò)去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，用于第二、第三人稱。例如：He said he would e. 他說(shuō)他要來(lái)。比擬：I will go, he said.他說(shuō)：我要去那兒。變成間接引語(yǔ)，就成了He said he woul

14、d e。原來(lái)的will變成would，go變成了e.。動(dòng)詞加小品構(gòu)成的起動(dòng)詞作用的短語(yǔ)叫短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如：Turn off the radio.把收音機(jī)關(guān)上。(turn off是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成根本有以下幾種：1)動(dòng)詞+副詞，如：black out;2)動(dòng)詞+介詞，如：look into;3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣有三種:陳述語(yǔ)氣,祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣.語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)勸詞所示示的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法.1.區(qū)分if 引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別If he has t

15、ime, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.假如條件句中的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see h

16、im now.3)If he had followed the doctors adve, he would be all right now.4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)做neednt have done 表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要作而實(shí)際上做了假如虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有were, had, could, sho

17、uld，有時(shí)可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were, had, should, could 之后。Had you invited us, we would have e to your party.Were I you, I would do more practe after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.6.wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 表示可惜;.就好了; 悔不該; 但愿。1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.2)I wish I were

18、ten years younger.3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.7.表示命令或建議動(dòng)詞suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, mand 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動(dòng)詞原形; should 不可用would 來(lái)替代; 主句所使用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不限。8

19、.suggest 為建議去做; 命令從句用should + do為 說(shuō)明; 暗示, 從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medine three times a day.2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.9.insist 堅(jiān)持要去做，堅(jiān)持應(yīng)該去做，從句用should + do為堅(jiān)持說(shuō)明，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/解釋， 從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。10.虛擬語(yǔ)氣也用于表語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、懇求、建議、決定等，主句

20、的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是should +動(dòng)詞原型，should 可以省略。11.在主語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、可惜等，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用需擬語(yǔ)氣形式。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)should + 動(dòng)詞原型， 或should 省略。高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一.概念:動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間語(yǔ)法或語(yǔ)義的關(guān)系.英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于主動(dòng)句,表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于被動(dòng)句,表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一樣,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由 助

21、動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞 構(gòu)成,有人稱,數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)的變化.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講1.let 的用法1)當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶to 的不定式。例如：They let the strange go.他們放生疏人走了。- The strange was let go.2)當(dāng)let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，let 通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而用allow或permit 代替。例如：The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.那護(hù)士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。- I was allowed / permitted to see my classm

22、ate in the hospital.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顧。Such a thing has never been heard of before.這樣的事聞所未聞。3.表示據(jù)說(shuō)或相信 的詞組，根本上由believe, consider, declare, epect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如：It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)It is reported that

23、據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that據(jù)建議It is taken granted that 被視為當(dāng)然It has been decided that 大家決定It must be remember that 務(wù)必記住的是1) 不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如ear, die disear, end(vi.完畢), fail, hen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, sta

24、nd, break out, e true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等沒(méi)有無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：After the fire, very little remained of my house.大火過(guò)后，我家燒得所剩無(wú)幾。比擬：rise, fall, hen是不及物動(dòng)詞;raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如fit, have, hold,

25、marry, own, wish, cost, note, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, hen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：This key just fits the lock.這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。Your story agrees with what had already been heard.你說(shuō)的與我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)的一致。3) 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如ear, be bee, fall, feel, get, gr

26、ow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good.聽(tīng)上去不錯(cuò)。4) 帶同賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代詞，互相代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night.她昨晚做了個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。5) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：(對(duì)) She likes to swim.(錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her.1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, wri