歸化異化優(yōu)缺點

1、歸化/隱身的優(yōu)點A ccording to Venuti, invisibility produces the illusion of transparency or fluency that is supported by a network of the publishing industry 傳統(tǒng)的“歸化”采用了透明，流暢，通順的翻譯策略，在英語中形成一種外國文 學的規(guī)范， 要求譯者在翻譯活動中不流露自身的痕跡， 讓讀者在閱讀時， 就像閱 讀目的語創(chuàng)作的作品一般缺點He asserts that this kind of translation performs an act of do

2、mestication, which makes the foreign text understandable and familiar and enacts an ethnocentric violence and a cultural imperialis “歸化法”翻譯策略主導英美文化翻譯現(xiàn)象是歐美文化霸權(quán)的一種表現(xiàn)形式。 “不可見性” 是用目的語的語言規(guī)范來看待， 扭曲原語盲文化。 凸顯出來的是一 種強勢文化對于弱勢文化的一種殖民關(guān)系。 是種族中心主義和文化霸權(quán)主義的體 現(xiàn)Venutis translation theory has broken new ground theoret

3、ically,castinga new light on America and building powerful historical and ideological casesagainstwhat he calls invisibility or transparenceof domesticatingor fluent translationand in favor ofwhat he calls the resistant dissidencoef foreignizingtranslation. His contributions to translation studies a

4、re multiple.In th is chapter,the thesis analyzes histheory, points out some limitations and attempts to give some solutions. 異化/顯身的優(yōu)點Venutis theory aims to demystify the illusion of transparency and equivalence and to make the translation processmore visible by means of showing how translators are d

5、eeply involved in the construction of culture and ideology.首先， Venutl 的理論能為我們帶來更多外國作品， 并使我們有機會重新讀到那些被人忽視或 遺忘了的作品和作家。 在英美國家， 出售翻譯權(quán)給別國的比例要遠遠高于購買翻譯權(quán)進行翻 譯的比例。運用 Venutl 的異化理論能夠抵制這種文化入侵，引進更多優(yōu)秀的外國作品，平 衡由英語國家文化為主導的文學翻譯。 其次， 這個方法比其他的理論更加詳盡的保留了這些 作家， 或是更有名的作家的原作， 我們有更多機會來接近和分析保有原作痕跡的譯作。 譯者 在翻譯過程中凸顯原作和譯作的差別，讓我

6、們感受文化多元化The main feature of Venutis foreignizing translation strategy isto signify the foreignnessof the foreign text. And this feature can help the target readers to understand the foreign expressions and cultures, realizing the diferences between the two countries.One of the most important functio

7、ns of Venutis foreignizing translation is to promote the cultural communicationand transmissionbetween the two cultural countries or communities.With the foreignizing translation strategy, these sayings can keep the original taste and at the same time, thesenew expressions are easily understood by t

8、he Chinese readers.異化、顯身的缺點 不足之處主要體現(xiàn)在其異化理論在譯入語的文化地位， 目標讀者和文本類型方面都有其 局限性。The limitations of Venuti s theorys are that he hasn t paid enough attention to the cultural status of the target language,the target readers and the text types顯身的例子例1As a mater of fact, the cultural communication and transmissi

9、on brought by foreignizing translation can be clearly seen in China. Nowadays, Chinese people have already unconsciously accepted a lot of foreign expressions, such as KFC, Pizza, coffee, honeymoon, open secret, ivory tower and so on. These English expressions have already been loaned to Chinese wit

10、h Chinese people feeling no foreignness at all. The fact that these expressions are frequently used in Chinese as if they were the original Chinese indicates that foreignizing translation does contribute to enriching Chinese and p romoting cultural communication例2As we all know, English is rich in p

11、roverbs and sayings that are extremely special in terms of their cultural features. If the translators apply the foreignizing translation, they can keep the original image of these proverbs and sayings, thus reproducing the original flavor in the target language.We never know the worth of water til

12、the well is dry. 井干方知水可貴。Whent hec atis aw ay,th em icew ilp lay. 貓兒不在，老鼠玩得自在 .Too many cooks spoil the broth. 廚子多了煮壞湯。in the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king. 盲人國里，獨眼為王。An unfortunate man would be drowned in a cup. 人一倒霉，一杯茶也能淹死。Bad workmen often blame their tools. 拙匠常怪工具差。Necessity is

13、the mother of invention. 需要是發(fā)明之母。People are more convinced by words than by blows. 言語比棍棒更能說服人。顯身的缺點的例子W ith?Sinbad the Sailor and Tinbad the Tailor and Jinbad the Jailer and W hinbad the Whaler and Ninbad the Nailer and Finbad the Failer and Binbad the Bailer and Pinbad the Railer and Minbad the Mai

14、ler and Hinbad the Hailer and Rinbad the Railer and Dinbad the Kailer and Vmbad the Quailer and Linbad the Yailer and Xinbad the Phthailer.（Joyce, Ulysses）譯文一：跟誰? 水手辛伯達、裁縫廷伯達、獄卒金伯達、捕鯨者揮伯達、制釘工人寧伯達、失敗 者芬 伯達、掏船肚水者賓伯達、桶匠頻伯達、郵寄者明伯達、歡呼者欣伯達、咒罵者 林伯 達、食菜主義者丁伯達、畏懼者溫伯達、賽馬賭徒林伯達、水手興伯達。 （蕭乾、文潔若譯 ）譯文二：跟誰? 行海船的辛伯達和

15、當裁縫的當伯達和看牢子的看伯達和捕鯨魚的捕伯達和打鐵 釘?shù)?打伯達和不中用的不伯達和舀艙水的舀伯達和做木桶的做伯達和跑郵差的跑伯 達和 唱頌歌的唱伯達和說臟話的說伯達和吃蔬菜的丁伯達和怕惹事的文伯達和酗啤 酒的葉伯達和行什么船的行伯達。 （王東風， 2001. 43-47）This paragraph is excerpted fromUlyssesand the writer applies an very special writing method. The specificity lies in the following three aspects. First, all the n

16、ames of the characters are the meaningless imitation of pronunciation except the first one“ Sinbad” who is the name of a sailor in the novelOne Thousand and One Night.s Second,th ereis n otan yp unctuationi nt hew holep aragraphe xceptfo rth ep eriodi n the end. Third, every place where a comma shou

17、ld be used is replaced by the conjunction and. It is obvious that with this kind of form, the writer wants to give the readers the feeli ng of en dless and meanin gless repetiti on in order to show his stream of con scious nessFrom the examples dem on strated above, it can be clearly see n that fore

18、ig nizing tran slati on strategy can not only en rich the expressi ons of the target Ian guage, help the target-la nguage readers to realize the lin guistic and cultural differe nces betwee n the two coun tries, but also, more importa ntly, promote the cultural com muni catio n and tran smissi on.So

19、 in this aspect, Venutis advocacy of foreignizing translation, which aims to signify the linguistic and culturals differences of the foreign text, is of great sig nifica nee. However,everyth ing has two sides. Although Venu tis theory con tributes a lot to the tran slatio n studies, there are some l

20、imitati on s. In the followi ng sect ion, the thesis points out these limitations and attempts to offer some suggested soluti ons, the thesis an alyzes these limitati ons from two aspects: target readers and text types.target readersWhen the readers of the target Ianguage intend to read the translat

21、ion of a foreign text, they must be ready to face what is new and unfamiliar to them .In read ing the target text produced with foreignizing translation,target readers may get to know differe nt ways of thinkinga nd expressionrese nted in the foreig nizi ng tran slati onAs a matter of fact, Venu tis

22、 foreig nizi ng tran slatio npays more attentionto cultural faithfulnessha n linguistic faithfulnesshus act ing as amedium for cultural com muni cati on and tran smissi on. However, foreig nizi ng tran slati on is not applicable to al source texts because cultural other ness can not always be kept w

23、ithout violati ng the idiomaticity of the target Ian guage. In other words, cultural faithfulness should not be acquired at the cost of breaking the target languagOtherwise, foreignizing translation may not be accepted by the target readers.隱身/歸化的例子ST 1： Teabing stared at her for several seconds and

24、 scoffed derisively “ A desperate ploy. Robert knows how Ive sought it (Brown 2003:351)TT I:提彬瞪著她看了幾秒鐘，輕蔑地說：“狗急跳墻，蘭登知道我非常想找到它。”(Zhu ,2004: 244)TT l is a good sample for ren deri ng the source text into equivale nt Chin ese idioms . The background information for TT l is that Langdon and Neveu went t

25、o Teabing for help , but Teabing heard from the television that the police was pursuing them for murder,which made him very angry and ordered them to leave To acquire his trust ， Neveu told him that they had the secret for the keystone ， and then TTl occurs.“Desperate ”in English means “ willing to

26、do anything and not caring about danger,because you are in a very bad situation ”(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English ，1995:367),and “ ploy” means “ a clever method of getting an advantage,especially by deceiving someone ”(ibid 1081).In comparison ， the idiom 狗急跳墻 in Chinese means “ cornered beast will do something desperate;when cornered,a dog in desperation jumping over the barrier;take a desperate action in a critical situation ” (The Contemporary Ch