第二章動(dòng)名詞(9-13)

1、第二章 動(dòng)名詞（9-13）第一節(jié)：動(dòng)名詞的用法第二節(jié)：用不定詞動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)受詞第三節(jié)：動(dòng)詞意義上的主詞第四節(jié)：動(dòng)名詞的否定形，被動(dòng)態(tài)，完成形第五節(jié)：含動(dòng)名詞的慣用表現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞就是動(dòng)詞的原型加上-ing，使其具有主詞，補(bǔ)語和受詞的功能，動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特性，同時(shí)在內(nèi)容上也有動(dòng)詞的功能。第09卷動(dòng)名詞的用法(1)一. 動(dòng)名詞的用法當(dāng)主詞1. Remembering others(other peoples) names is difficult for me. =It is difficult for me to remember others names. 記住別人的名字對(duì)我而言是困難的2. C

2、ooking in the open air is good fun.野炊很好玩。動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)主詞時(shí)，也可用假主詞it代替。將該動(dòng)名詞移至句尾，改變成不定詞片語。大部分不能用動(dòng)名詞還原。1It is difficult for me to remember other peoples names.2. It is good fun to cook in the open air.當(dāng)補(bǔ)語1. The best exercise in winter is skiing(加ing變名詞)冬天最好的運(yùn)動(dòng)是滑雪2. One American tradition is eating turkey on Tha

3、nksgiving day Turkey不加s因?yàn)椴豢蓴?shù)在感恩節(jié)當(dāng)天吃火雞肉是美國的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)重點(diǎn)不定詞當(dāng)補(bǔ)語=表:目的,計(jì)劃,意愿,未完成的事動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)補(bǔ)語=表:經(jīng)驗(yàn),已知的事His hobby is fishing in the lake.His hobby is to fish in the lake.x當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞的受詞1. You have to give up traveling. .你必須放棄旅行。2. My father enjoys playing golf very much. 我父親很喜愛打高爾夫球my father likes(loves) to play（playing）

4、golf very much.也可以。但是enioy只能加動(dòng)名詞。The old man kept standing all the while. .(all the time) 那老人一直站著當(dāng)介詞的受詞1. His got scolded for being late for school. 他因?yàn)樯蠈W(xué)遲到而挨罵。2. He left the room without saying a word. 他一句話都沒說就離開房間。第10卷動(dòng)名詞的用法(2)、用不定詞動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)受詞重點(diǎn) to作介詞+Ving1. I like to listen to music.2. Im looking forw

5、ard to seeing you again. 我期待再次見到你3. Im used to getting up early. 我習(xí)慣早起。I used to get up late.(過去的習(xí)慣)4. He devoted his whole life to curing the sick（sick people） in Africa. 他貢獻(xiàn)了他的一生在非洲醫(yī)治病患。5. 他愛說謊 He is given to lying.(given有什么樣的習(xí)慣)（lie是原形） He prefers skiing to(prep.) skating. .他喜歡滑雪較不喜歡溜冰He prefers

6、to ski (toV) rather than skate.to+VR/to+Ving都可以He is accustomed to live/living alone. 他習(xí)慣獨(dú)居1. I came(went) near(差一點(diǎn)) to run/running over a cat.我差一點(diǎn)碾到一只貓2. He took to drink/drinking after the death of his son. 他在他兒子死后就沉溺于喝酒。二. 用不定詞/動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)受詞To+VR/to+Ving區(qū)別A>to+VR當(dāng)受詞1. The police consented to detect t

7、he crime without delay.警察同意立刻調(diào)查該項(xiàng)罪行.He professed to know a lot about China. 他假裝說對(duì)中國很熟悉。2.B>Ving1. Have you finished writing an answer to his letter?你寫好了給他的回信了嗎?I will answer the door. 我去開門.2. Fortunately, he escaped getting hurt. 幸運(yùn)的，他沒有受傷A>toVR=toVing 意思一樣下列動(dòng)詞，其受詞為動(dòng)名詞或不定詞，其意思一樣1. They ceased

8、singing/to sing. 他們停止唱歌Stop toVR和toVing不同I intend majoring/to major in economics in college. mayor 'm n. 市長我想再大學(xué)里主修經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。下列動(dòng)詞，其受詞為動(dòng)名詞或不定詞，其意思改變Try（嘗試）， remember（記得），forget（忘記），stop(停止)，regret(后悔)B>toVR不同于toVing1. The boy tired to movie the heavy sofa. >try toVR 設(shè)法去做(不定做沒做)這男孩設(shè)法搬動(dòng)這張很重的沙發(fā)。實(shí)際上有

9、沒有做是另外一回事。The boy tried moving the heavy sofa. >try Ving 嘗試(已經(jīng)在做了)這男孩嘗試搬動(dòng)這張很重的沙發(fā)。-實(shí)際上做做看第11卷1.Remember to lock the door. >記得鎖門，動(dòng)作未作祈使句一般都是要去做的I remember locking the door last night我記得昨晚有鎖上門2. Ill never forget hearing her song. 我將不會(huì)忘記聽過她的歌。動(dòng)作已做。I forget to hear her song. 我忘了聽她的歌，動(dòng)作未作。3. He stop

10、ped having breakfast. > break打破 fast齋戒>前一天晚上齋戒未吃,今天第一餐就是早餐。他停止吃早餐。He stopped to have a cup of coffee.他停下來去喝杯咖啡。4. I regret not taking （good）care of myself. >regret Ving 后悔(做了某事) 我后悔沒有注意自己的健康I regret to say that I cant help you. >regret toVR 抱歉遺憾(沒有做某事)很抱歉，我不能幫助你take good care of動(dòng)詞意義上的主詞整

11、個(gè)句子的主詞若與動(dòng)名詞不同時(shí)，需要表現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞意義上的主詞，方法有二所有格+動(dòng)名詞/受格+動(dòng)名詞1.Philip dislikes Amy's/Amy wearing mini-skirts. Philip不喜歡amy穿迷你裙。like v.喜歡,dislike prep.像look like, 不像unlikeAmy wear miniskirts> Philip dislikes Amy wearing mini-skirts.（a mini-skirt）Wearing miniskirts> Philip dislikes Amy's wearing mini-

12、skirts.Dislike是動(dòng)詞，后面可以加受格amy.wearing是動(dòng)名詞，前面可加所有格amys2.I cant bear/stand him/his shouting when he is angry. 我無法忍受他在生氣時(shí)大叫。When是從屬連接詞。名詞+動(dòng)名詞/名詞s+動(dòng)名詞1.I am confident of our teams /our team winning the tournament。 Be confident of 對(duì)什么有信心 of是介系詞，后面用受格。名詞前面用所有格，所以 我有信心我們的隊(duì)伍會(huì)贏得比賽。Nature is beauty.第12卷2. She

13、is proud of her son/her sons being clever. 她以她兒子的聰明才智為榮。國外常講 I am very proud of you.I am proud of my wife (my wifes) being beautiful.我以太太的美貌為榮。pride是名詞和動(dòng)詞:n. 自豪 常用的結(jié)構(gòu)： take pride in sth. 為某事驕傲 例句： They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. 他們?yōu)樗强茖W(xué)家的女兒而感到自豪 v.使自夸 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：pride

14、oneself on 例句： We prided ourselves on our good work. 我們?yōu)樽约汗ぷ鞯谋憩F(xiàn)而自豪。 而proud 是形容詞 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be proud of sth. 例句： I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作為一名中國人我很自豪一否定形 not(never)+Ving1. I am ashamed of not knowing the answer. 我不知道答案很丟臉 ashame是個(gè)形容詞。Shame on you! For shame!2. John s not knowing of (of也可不加)their

15、 marriage made thing(matter) more complicated.John不知道他們的婚事使事情變得更復(fù)雜。被動(dòng)態(tài) being+p.pI dont like（或者dislike） being made fun of. 我不喜歡被嘲弄。3. The regulation saves the area from being damaged.這些規(guī)定使得那些地區(qū)免于被破壞。完成形 having+p.p 動(dòng)名詞所表達(dá)的時(shí)間比述語動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的行為或狀態(tài)更早時(shí)，用它表示完成形 having+p.p4. She isnt aware of having done wrong她沒覺察

16、到她已經(jīng)錯(cuò)了只有VR才能加ing 而若用過去式則不能加ing 故用完成時(shí)代替過去式She isnt aware that she did wrong.She is proud of being a teacher. 她以身為老師為榮。She is proud that she is a teacher.He regrets not having studied harder in school. 他后悔在學(xué)校時(shí)沒有更用功讀書。用ing原因是regret在這里解釋成后悔，用having studied是因?yàn)樽x書比后悔的時(shí)間更早五 含動(dòng)名詞的慣用表現(xiàn)1. There is no Ving 是無法做

17、到的There is no telling what will happen next. 我們無法預(yù)知未來Tell A from B 分辨A和BThere is no accounting for tastes. 人的好惡是無法解釋的for介系詞后面跟名詞，taste 的意思是口味=It is impossible to account for tastes.=We cannot account for tastes.第13卷2. It is no use/good Ving 是沒有用的是比較特殊的句型It is no use crying over spilled/spilt milk. 覆

18、水難收（spilled是pp當(dāng)形容詞使用）It is no use/good trying to persuade him. 你想說服他是沒有用的。=It is of no use trying to persuade him.=There is no use in trying to persuade him.=It is no use for you to try to persuade.=It is useless for you to try to persuade.3. feel like Ving 想要 like(prep.)feel like N 感覺/摸起來像什么 / 想要I

19、feel like a drink=I feel like drinking/having a drink我想要喝一杯=I want to have a drink.want后面加不定詞=I would（Id） like to have a drink.I dont feel like it.我不想這里的like是介系詞，后面接一個(gè)虛擬的受詞。4. Cannot help VingI couldnt help laughing when I saw his haircut. 當(dāng)我看到他的發(fā)型時(shí)，我忍不住笑了=I couldnt but laugh when I saw his haircut.

20、When I heard the news, I couldnt but cry.When I heard the news, I couldnt help crying.When I heard the news, I couldnt help but cry.5. Be worth VingWhatever is worth doing is worth doing well.=No matter what is worth doing is worth doing well只要有一點(diǎn)值得做的事情就值得好好做This book is worth reading這本書值得讀。=It is w

21、orth (your) while reading/to read the book.It would be worth his while helping/to help the foreigner. 他幫助那個(gè)外國人是值得的。6. On ving 一就On coming home, he switched on the TV. 他一回到家就打開電視As soon as he came home, he switched on the TV.（as soon as是連接詞。連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)主詞）7. In Ving 當(dāng)時(shí) =連接詞when/whileI slipped in getting off the train. 當(dāng)我下火車時(shí)，滑了一跤。=I sl