有機化學課件：第一章 緒論

1、1234567C2H6OCH3CH2OHCH3OCH3乙醇乙醇二甲醚二甲醚8CH3CH2CH2CH3OCHHHH9 Na (氣氣)Na(氣氣 ) + eCl(氣氣) + eCl(氣氣)Na (氣氣 )+Cl(氣氣 )Na Cl(氣氣 )10C4 H+CHHHHCHHHHCHHCHHCCHHHHCHC HHCCH11HH+HH=122p2s1s1314150.1540.1090.1470.143CClCBrCCCC0.1770.1910.1340.120CCCHCNCO16CCCHCNCOCF347414305360485CClCBrCCCCCI33928521861183717CHHHH109

2、.5O104CO121118HHHHC lC l18HClHCl19CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl20CC+ BrBrCCBr Br21R LR + L2223HY (Y: N,O,F等等原原子子) )24H3COHOCH3H25H2O +NH3OH+HNH326CH3COOHCH3COO + H+H2SO4HSO4+ H+27ClH+OHHOHHH+ClFBFF+OCH2CH3CH2CH3FBFFOCH2CH3CH2CH3 HClCH3COOHOHCH3CH2OHLi+ Mg2+ R+ Ag+AlCl3 BF3 TiCl4 SnCl2 FeCl3 ZnCl228H2O NH3 CH3NH2 C

3、H3OH CH3OCH3XOHCNNH2RROH+ Li+ Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Al3+BF3 AlCl3 SO3 CO2HX29RX ROTSCu+ Ag+ Hg2+ RS+Br+ I+ Br2 I2FClAcOSO42-NO3NH3 RNH2H2O HOROH ROR RO30RSHSISCNC2H4 C6H6 R HRSH RSRR3PCN31H+OHH2OH+CNHCN32有機酸特征有機酸特征含有活性氫官能團，官能團中含有電負性大的含有活性氫官能團，官能團中含有電負性大的O、N原子與氫相連。原子與氫相連。如：如：CH3COOH、ArOH、ROH有機堿特征有機堿特征含有孤電

4、子對飽和含有孤電子對飽和O、N原子官能團。原子官能團。如：如：+CH3CH2OCH2CH3+HICH3CH2OCH2CH3 IHCH3CH2OHH2SO4CH3CH2OH2 HSO4CH3CH2NH2CH3COOHCH3COO NH3CH2CH3.33 ROH、RNH2、RC NH2O3435CH3CH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CCHCH3CH2OHOHOHClSONOCHO3637H2CCH2HCCHCH3XC2H5OH,C6H5OHC2H5OC2H5CH3CHOCH3CCH3OCH3COHOCH3CNCH3NH2CH3NO2C2H5SHC6H5SO3HCCCCXOHCOCCHOCOCOHOCNNH2NO2SHSO3H38有機合成化學天然有機化學生物有機化學金屬與元素有機化學物理有機化學有機分析化學藥物化學香料化學農(nóng)藥化