非謂語動詞1動詞不定式

1、1非謂語動詞一2學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)： 什么是非謂語動詞； 包括哪些結(jié)構(gòu)； 有什么變化形式；意義是什么；3判斷下列哪些是句子，哪些不是。判斷下列哪些是句子，哪些不是。Tom asks a question. ( )Tom asked a question. ( )Tom has asked a question. ( )Tom will ask a question. ( )Tom asking a question. ( )Tom having asked a question. ( )Tom is asking a question. ( )Tom being asked a question. (

2、)Tom is being asked a question. ( )Tom was asked a question. ( )Tom to ask a question. ( )Tom wrote a letter. ( )Tom written a letter. ( )Tom enjoys the book. ( )Tom enjoyed the book. ( )Tom enjoying the book. ( )1.Tom is enjoying the book. ( )4 講解：講解： 非謂語動詞包括動名詞，V-ing分詞，動詞不定式，過去分詞。它們的共性是不可以做謂語動詞，所以

3、叫非謂語動詞。它們（過分除外）有自己的變化形式，同學(xué)們必須要熟練掌握變化形式及其基本意義。5形式變化: 主 動 被 動 動詞不定式 一 般 to write to be written 進(jìn) 行 to be writing 完 成 to have written to have been written 完 成 進(jìn) 行 to have been writing 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 和 動 名 詞 一 般 writing being written 完 成 having written having been written 過 去 分 詞 一 般 written6動詞不定式動詞不定式 -動詞不定式（

4、動詞不定式（The infinitive）變化形式：以do為例時態(tài)時態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)主動主動被動被動一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/7動詞不定式動詞不定式7種常見用法：種常見用法：某些某些動詞的賓語；主語名詞的后置定語；動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語；注意：“1感2聽3讓4看1/2幫”這些詞要注意什么？（省to; 但被動還原。）目的結(jié)果狀語；開頭作主語（或用it作形式主語）；復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（for sb to do sth）1. 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：not + to do8 某些動詞

5、：某些動詞：V + 不定式不定式affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosedemand desiredetermineelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnlong 渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakeexpecthateintend如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機(jī)沒能及時看見另一輛車。 He offered to help me. 他表示愿意幫助我。9 某些動詞：某些動詞：V + 不定式；或

6、者不定式；或者V + 名詞名詞 + 不定式不定式askchooseexpecthelpbegintendlike/loveneedpreferpreparewantwish如：I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。10 某些動詞：某些動詞：V + 疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式decideknowconsiderforgetlearnremembershowwonderfind outtellinquireexplain如： Please show us how to do that. 請演示給

7、我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?1 某些動詞：某些動詞：V + there + 不定式不定式believeexpectintendlikelovemeanpreferwantwishunderstand 如：如： We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 我們沒料到會有那么多人在那里。 You wouldnt want there to be another war. 你不至于想讓另外一場戰(zhàn)爭發(fā)生吧。12主語 1) To learn English is not an easy thing. 2) To say something is one thi

8、ng, to do it is another. 3) It is our duty to realize the four modernizations. 4) It is impossible for him to get the money now. 5) It makes me feel sad to see you sitting alone.翻譯句子13表語1) My suggestion is to carry out the plan right now.2) The young man seems to be a college graduate. 3) To see is

9、to believe. 4) They are likely to succeed.14定語定語 1) Mary has a lot of things to do. 2) Here is a good book for you to read. 3) Is there anything (for us) to eat? 4) She is not a girl to do things by halves. 5)He is a man to depend on. 15賓語賓語 1) He wants to visit Nanjing. 2) The guests promised to co

10、me early. 16賓語補(bǔ)語賓語補(bǔ)語I expect you to write to me. I asked him to show me his new dictionary.We tried to persuade him not to drop out of school, but in vain. 不帶不帶to 1) The teacher made me do my homework carefully. 2) Professor Wang let his assistant leave early enough to catch the last bus. 3) I heard

11、 Mary cry. 4) We watched them play football. 5) Tom felt his heart beat fast when he saw Joe come into the room. 6) I would have him wait for me.我要他等我. 被動語態(tài)帶被動語態(tài)帶to 1) He was made to do the work at once. 2) She was heard to use strong language. 3) She was seen to run out of the box office. 17狀語狀語 1)

12、 He came to see me yesterday. (目的) 2) He opened the door for her to come in. (目的) 3) My little brother is too young to go to school. (結(jié)果) 4) Xiao Ma is old enough to join the army. (結(jié)果) 5) My father was surprise to hear the news. (原因) 6) I am sorry to say (that) the work is not well done. (原因)18不定式短

13、語修飾全句作狀語不定式短語修飾全句作狀語1) To be frank with you, I dont love you.2) To give you some idea of birth rate, look at the second hand of your watch.3) To hear him speak English, you would take him for a foreigner.4) To tell the truth, I have not got any definite information about the term paper.19疑問詞疑問詞+動詞不定

14、式動詞不定式1) Mr.Li will teach us how to use the present perfect tense.2) Can you tell me where to get the book?3) Mary didnt know what to say when Mr. Hopkins was displeased with her.4) I dont know whether to accept his invitation or not.5) The question is when to do the experiment.6) How to do it is an

15、 easy question.20不定式的邏輯主語：for 引出I opened the door for her to come in.My advise is for you to admit your own mistake.Mary gave me the phone number in order for me to reach her when I am in need of help.但: 1)I want to open the door. 2)I want him to open the door.21不定式的進(jìn)行式：動作正在進(jìn)行1)They seem to be talki

16、ng about something important. 2)The two weavers pretended to be working hard.3) She is said to be studying in Yale University22不定式的完成式 主要體現(xiàn)它所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。但在plan, hope, expect, should(或would) like 等動詞之后，則表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為。例如:1) I am sorry to have kept you waiting.2) She seemed to have forgotten her pr

17、omise.3) He pretended to have read the book. 4) He planned to have gone abroad. (=He planned to go abroad but he didnt.)5) I hoped to have seen her. (=I hope to see her, but I didnt see her.)6) I would like to have had your help. (=I wanted to have your help but I didnt have it.) 7) The enemy expect

18、ed to have found him. (=The enemy expected to find but didnt find him.)8) He is said to have been presented with two master degrees.9) Tom planned to have planned the house before dark.23 又： 1) They seem to have been rich. 2) You appear to have lost weight. 3) She is said to have traveled through Eu

19、rope. 4) The old man was known to have been smart in his youth. 24不定式的被動態(tài) 表示不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者. 1) The houses to be built is for the teachers. 2) The medical team asked to be sent to the front at once.3) Its my pleasure to be asked to speak here.4) Here are the papers to be typed today.5) Where

20、are the clothes to be washed. 有些動詞的主動語態(tài)表被動意義1) Nobody is to blame for it. 2) The house is to let.25only + to do something結(jié)果 ，失落感 1) Mr. Green ran all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left five minutes before.2) I open the box , only to find it empty.26only/all too + to do so

21、mething不表否定不表否定 1) They are only too delighted to accept it. 2) We are all too satisfied to take the opinions of others.27do nothing/anything/everything but (except) do something1) They did nothing but play trick on him.2) Mr. Green will do anything but work on a farm.Note: 如果nothing/anything/everyt

22、hing 前面不是do/did, 而是其他的詞, 不定式一定加 to。 1) The doctor told me nothing but to remain silent. 2) There is nothing for him to do but to stop smoking. 3) They had no choice/alternative but to book the air ticket in advance.28幾個固定表達(dá)had better do, would rather do(than) do, would do rather than do, would soone

23、r do(than) do, cannot but do , can not help but do, 只能只能may/might as well do ，不妨，不妨 1) Since the boy is mad, wed better leave him alone. 2) They couldnt help but wait for the next train to come. 3) I would die of hunger rather than beg in the street. 4) If you dont like to swim, you may just as well

24、 stay at home. 5) The soldier would sooner die than surrender. 29worth, worthy, worthwhileworth doing, worth your while to do,worthy of being done, worthy to do / to be doneworthwhile to do/doing 1) New York is worth visiting. 2) It is worthwhile to visit New York. 3) New York is worthy of being vis

25、ited. 4) It isnt worthwhile reading that book. 5) It is worth your while to go and see. 6) It is worthwhile to say this. ( This is worth saying.)30prefer doing to doing = prefer to do rather than do1）I refer reading to playing bridge.= I prefer to read rather than play bridge.2) I prefer to walk ins

26、tead of cycling.3) He prefers writing his letters to dictating them.31省去省去to 的動詞不定式，包括下列情況：的動詞不定式，包括下列情況：1） 情態(tài)動詞 （ 除ought 外） 后。2） 使役動詞 let, have, make后，感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。 = He was seen to dance

27、. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板讓他們整夜干活。 = They were made to work the whole night.3） would rather，had better句型后4） Why / why not句型后5） help 后可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb （to） do sth：6） but和except后。but前是實(shí)義動詞do時，后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶to。比較：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything

28、 but to take the medicine. 除了吃這藥，他什么都信。7） 由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to 可以省去：8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice.他應(yīng)該是個好人。32典型例題典型例題1） - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B.trying to go C. to try and go D.

29、try going答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。2） Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動時，to 不可省略。 33能力訓(xùn)練題能力訓(xùn)練題 Finish off the following exercises according to instructions: English to Chinese or Chinese to English tr

30、anslation; filling in blanks with appropriate forms;很抱歉占用您這么多時間。She wished _ (找到她需要的書。)We are not _ (blame) Tom for this.要我在本周結(jié)束時完成這項(xiàng)工作是困難的。The Prime Minister _ on television tonight. (be, speak) is to speak 我有很多工作要做。It is important _ (記住會議的時間地點(diǎn)).It is important _ (我們記住會議的時間地點(diǎn)).I saw him _ the teaching building in the morning. (enter)To see i