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1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán),請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除,僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流小學(xué)六年級英語必須要掌握的語法知識點(diǎn).精品文檔.小學(xué)六年級英語必須要掌握的語法知識點(diǎn)一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以o.s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,
2、再加-es,如:knife-knives leafleaves 5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 練習(xí)、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep
3、 _box_ strawberry _ peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_ man_ woman_ 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能 表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如:I get up at six oclock every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。 表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 肯定句: a. be動詞:(有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法: 我用am ,你用 are ,is
4、160;用于他,她,它, 單數(shù)is,復(fù)數(shù)are.。)主語+ be(am /is/are)+其他 如: I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。b.行為動詞(實(shí)義動詞):主語+行為動詞+其他除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外,都用動詞原形;當(dāng)主語是第三人稱時(shí),則在行為動詞詞尾加-s或-es。如:We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。She goes to work by bike. 她騎自行車去上班。否定句: a.主語+ be(am /is/are) +not + 其他 如:
5、60; I am not a boy.b. 主語+don't/doesn't+行為動詞原形+其他 如:We dont study English. She doesn't go to work by bike.一般疑問句: a. Be(Am /Is /Are)+ 主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + be(am /is/are). (否) No,主語 + be(am /is/are)+not.如
6、: Are you a boy?你是一個(gè)男孩嗎?(肯)Yes,I am. (否) No, Im not.b. Do/Does+主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語+ do/does. (否) No,主語 + don't/doesn't. 如: Do you study English? (肯)Yes,we do. (否) No, we dont. - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she
7、 doesn't. 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?如:a. be動詞:Who are you? b.行為動詞:What do you do? How does she go to work?3.動詞三單的變化規(guī)則(即“如何從動詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)”)一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks get-gets 以o.s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,直接加-es,如: wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練: 一、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink
8、 _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ wash_ 二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World
9、Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aun
10、t _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. W
11、hat day _(be) it today? Its Saturday 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。 2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成: be+動詞的ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式??隙ň洌褐髡Z+be動詞+動詞ing+其他。如:We are studying.否定句:主語+be動詞+not+動詞ing+其他。如:We arent studying.一般疑問句:Be動詞+主語+動詞ing+其他。如:Are you studying?肯定回答:Yes+主語+be動詞。如:Yes,we are.否定回答:No+主語+be動詞+not。如:No
12、,we arent.(注:is not可以縮寫成isnt,are not可以縮寫成arent,但是am not在現(xiàn)代英語中不可以縮寫。)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?如:What are you doing?現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則 1一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking think-thinking 2以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞,去掉字母e,再加ing 如:make-making have-having 3以重讀閉音節(jié)(重讀閉音節(jié)即兩個(gè)輔音中間夾一個(gè)元音并且重讀的音節(jié))結(jié)尾,呈現(xiàn) “輔,元,輔”結(jié)構(gòu)
13、的動詞,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing如: stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running 4 以ie結(jié)尾的動詞,把ie改為y ,再加ing die-dying lie-lying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞: play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ study_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put
14、_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空: 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,wa
15、ter) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、一般將來時(shí) 一、概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year)
16、,soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句:a. 主語+shall/will+do+其他。(will可用于所有人稱,shall只用于第一人稱I和we) 如: I will go swimming tomorrow. b. 主語+ be going to + do+其他。(注意:be 動詞要與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致)如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow. 否定句:a. 主語+shall/will+not+do(wi
17、ll not 可縮寫成wont)b. 主語+ be+ not+ going to +do 如:I wont go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. 一般疑問句:a. Shall/Will+主語+ do+其他? b. Be+主語+going to+do+其他?如:Will you go swimming tomorrow? Are you going to go swimming to
18、morrow?特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?如:What will you go tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow?練習(xí)填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語 We _ _ _ learn English. We _ learn English. 五、一般過去時(shí) 1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如:yesterday,ye
19、sterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year等。 一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。 2一般過去式的基本結(jié)構(gòu): Be動詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化: am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasnt) are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not
20、=werent)肯定句: 主語動詞過去式其他。如:I was in Shanghai last month.上個(gè)月我在上海。We went to Shanghai last month.我們上個(gè)月去了上海。否定句:a主語wasnt/werent其他。如: I wasnt in Shanghai last month.b. 主語didnt動詞原形其他。(did + not = didn't)如:We didnt go to Shanghai last month. 一般疑問句: a. Was/Were+主語其他?如:Were you in
21、 Shanghai last month? b. Did主語動詞原形其他?如:Did you go to Shanghai last month?特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?如:Where were you last month? Where did you go last month? 動詞過去式變化規(guī)則:1一般情況下,在動詞原形后面加-ed;如:looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-d;如: livelived
22、160; useused 3以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞,先將 y 改為i ,再加 ed;如: studystudied, trytried flyflied 4以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音元音輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動詞,要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后,再加 ed,如: stopstopped planplanned 5不規(guī)則動詞過去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-sa
23、id, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 練習(xí)一、寫出下列動詞的過去式 is/am_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ put _ kick_ pass_ do _
24、 練習(xí)二、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ o
25、n the sofa yesterday evening. 練習(xí)三、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pul
26、l) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 六、人稱代詞和物主代詞 第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞主格Iweyouyoushe he itthey賓格meusyouyouher him itthem物主代詞形容詞性myouryouryourher his
27、itstheir名詞mine oursyours yourshers his itstheirs 人稱代詞指代人或物,在句中作主語或賓語,所以有主格和賓格。 賓格代詞用于替代處于賓語位置上的名詞,可以用作直接賓語和間接賓語。 如:I am a student. (I 主語) Please help me. (me 直接賓語) Give me a book.
28、0; (me 間接賓語) 物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的一種代詞,亦稱所有格代詞。物主代詞有兩種形式:形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。 形容詞性物主代詞為限定詞,放在名詞或名詞短語前作定語。 如:This is my book. 名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用,后面不可以再接名詞。在句子中可以作主語、賓語或表語。 如: Your pen is red. Mine is black. 你的鋼筆是紅色的,
29、我的是黑色的。 He didnt use his ink. He used mine. 他沒有用他自己的墨水,他用了我的。習(xí)題一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _
30、 is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 二、用am, is, are 填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. Ho
31、w _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 七、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級(一)構(gòu)成規(guī)則 1一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,比較級在后面加-er,最高級在后面加-est(1)單音節(jié)詞 如:smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest (2)雙音節(jié)詞 如:clevercleverer
32、cleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級后加-r,最高級在原級后加-st 如:largelargerlargest nicenicernicest 3在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音元音輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est; 如:bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest 4以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞
33、, 把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高級加-est如:easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest 5其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級在前面加more,最高級在前面加most如:beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful differentmore differentmost
34、different easilymore easilymost easily 注意:(1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用。 如: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. (2) 形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常"。
35、 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的,必須熟記。 如:goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst i
36、llworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest (二)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法 1“A + be +形容詞比較級 + than + B” 意思
37、為“A比B更”。 如:This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。注意: 在含有連詞than的比較級中,前后的比較對象必須是同一范疇,即同類事物之間的比較。 在比較級前面使用much,表示程度程度“強(qiáng)得多”。 如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
38、60; very, quite一般只能修飾原級,不能修飾比較級。 2“比較級 + and + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越” 如:It is getting cooler and cooler. 天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?#160; 3在含有or的選擇疑問句中,如果有兩者供選擇,前面的形容詞要用比較級形式。如:Who
39、60;is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高,Tim還是Tom? 4. “the +比較級., the+比較級”,表示“越.越.”。 如: The sooner,the better. 越快越好。 習(xí)題一、出下列形容詞、副詞的原級,比較級,最高級small fatter hot_ _ thin_ _ heavy_ _ bad_ _ 習(xí)題二、 用適當(dāng)形式填空: 1. Bob is _ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) asYongxian.
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