英語句子成分講解

1、英語句子成分講解一、主語（subject）: 句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.   （名詞）           He likes dancing.       （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history.（數(shù)詞）   Seeing is believing.（動名詞）   

2、    To see is to believe.   （不定式）          What he needs is a book.（主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）      二、謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。  

3、   We study English.         He is asleep. 三、表語（predicative）: 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher.    （名詞）   Seventy-four! You dont look it.  （代詞）Five and five is ten.   （數(shù)詞）    He i

4、s asleep.        （形容詞）      His father is in.    （副詞）  The picture is on the wall.     （介詞短語）     My watch is gone / missing / lost.      （形

5、容詞化的分詞）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ” （不定式）The question is whether they will come.       （表語從句）常見的系動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）， look（看起來）， feel（摸起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗、吃起來）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感覺） .It sounds a good idea.  

6、60;       The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.              Tom looks thin.     The food smells delicious.          The foo

7、d tastes good.      The door remains open.              Now I feel tired. 三、賓語：1）動作的承受者動賓          I like China. （名詞）   He hates you. （代詞）  

8、 How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）          We should help the old and the poor.   I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）          I hope to see you again. （不定式）   Did you write down wha

9、t he said? （賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓          Are you afraid of the snake?        Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 雙賓語間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）          He gave me a book yesterday.  

10、;    Give the poor man some money. 四、賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We elected him monitor.   （名詞）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）     We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in. (副詞)Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語）

11、Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）     His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）   Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）      五、主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor.    

12、0; She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 六、定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Wei Ting is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world.   （數(shù)詞）  He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over t

13、here is my old friend.(副詞)  The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)The boys playing football are in Class 2.   （現(xiàn)在分詞） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）    I have an idea to do it well.      （不定式） You should do

14、 everything that I do.    （定語從句）      七、狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）        I will go there tomorrow.     The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The

15、meat went bad because of the hot weather.    He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.        If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.

16、     Though he is young, he can do it well. 記憶口訣：感官、使役動詞：一感二聽三使四看一感：feel二聽：hear，listen三使：make， let ，have四看：look at，see，watch，notice 用法口訣感使動詞真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主動句中它走開，被動句中它回來，動詞let要除外，to詞可來可不來。英語中的五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)一、句型1： Subject (主語) Verb (謂語) 這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，所謂不及物動詞，就是這種動詞后不可以直接接賓語。

17、常見的動詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。3）Spring is coming.4) We have lived in the city for ten years.二、句型2：Subject (主語) Link. V(系動詞) Predicate(表語)這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點(diǎn)、身份等。

18、其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示變化。這類系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。2) The tree has grown much

19、taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。三、句型3：Subject(主語) Verb (謂語) Object (賓語)這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞，就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當(dāng)。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名詞） 他拿著書包離開了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞)當(dāng)我遇到困難時，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.

20、（不定式）她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。注意：英語中的許多動詞既是及物動詞，又是不及物動詞。四、句型4： Subject(主語)Verb(謂語) Indirect object(間接賓語)Direct object (直接賓語)這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動作是對誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當(dāng)；間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對整個句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動詞有：buy, pass, lend,

21、 give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子還可以表達(dá)為：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.五、句型5： Subje