定語從句的特點和語法規(guī)則

1、 定語從句用法及重點解析一.定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二.關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yeste

2、rday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) Foo

3、tball is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時，相當于who 或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通

4、常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover

5、is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4)

6、Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch

7、 which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada

8、is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gon

9、e bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)

10、The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) Fr

11、om the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例： (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. (2) China is a country wh

12、ich has a long history. 非限制性定語從句舉例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同 (1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他還有其他的哥哥） (2) His bro

13、ther, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他只有一個哥哥） 難點分析 （一）限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情況 1當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時 (1) Have you taken down everything

14、 that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 (1) The first plac

15、e that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當形容詞被the very, the only修飾時 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is

16、the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? （二）關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導的定語從句 as和which引導非限

17、制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the so

18、uth, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. 注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as (1) I have never he

19、ard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as 所引導的定語從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sis

20、ter wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。（三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通?？梢允÷浴?(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but 有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導定語從句 (1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )(五)區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補充說明的關(guān)

21、系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于從句2定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導，關(guān)系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導，充當成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true.

22、 (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以 (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (2) The idea was that we could ask the t

23、eacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位語 (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.定語從句專項練習題及詳解50題1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B

24、. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never for

25、get.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that ha

26、ve been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by

27、 which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.

28、I'm interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. wha

29、t18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which

30、 B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/

31、 D./; who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that

32、B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting.A. in wh

33、ich B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.f

34、or which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the

35、 same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 3

36、8.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he t

37、old me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A.

38、 owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was g

39、oing on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49

40、. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 參考答案及解析1. A. which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2C. "和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I

41、 spoke to.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。3. D. where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。4. C. when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。5A. which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。6C. 解析同第5題。7. A. 解析見第3題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用復述的被動語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A. “談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about

42、sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。10. A. with which是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在從句中作狀語.12. D. with whom引導定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father

43、 works with the engineer.13. D. whose引導定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14. A. that引導定語從句,因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導.15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨用來引導非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主

44、句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句中為:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引導定語從句時通常構(gòu)成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導定語從句。 as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時,要用such a.,本題中such books, such直接修飾復數(shù)名詞

45、.20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21. D. who引導非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24. A. whose title引導非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which25. A. for which 引導定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for "以.而聞名".26. C. 當先行詞被such修飾時,引導定語從句的關(guān)