并列句和狀語從句

1、并列句和狀語從句考綱解讀1 狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與介詞的用法比較；狀語從句與定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的辨析2 能夠辨別同類狀語從句中近似連接詞的用法差異3 Whatever whenever wherever等引導(dǎo)詞與no matter wh-等引導(dǎo)詞的不同用法命題規(guī)律1. 五年高考有關(guān)并列句和狀語從句考點(diǎn)分布表考點(diǎn)題量年份狀語從句時間狀語條件狀語 讓步狀語 原因狀語 地點(diǎn)狀語 目的/結(jié)果狀語并列句2008555212120096630001201056212012011508002320123460314合計242124365102. 試題的設(shè)問呈現(xiàn)出交叉和綜合的特點(diǎn)。四個選項中往往給出盡可能多的不同性質(zhì)

2、的連詞，如：as可引導(dǎo)時間、原因、讓步三種不同性質(zhì)的從句；while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。干擾項還從定語從句或名詞性從句的角度進(jìn)行干擾。3. 對于讓步狀語從句的考查仍是重頭戲，2012年考查6個小題，對并列句的考查逐年上升。命題趨勢并列句和狀語從句是每年高考單項填空部分必考的題目之一，未來的高考也不例外。考查的重點(diǎn)仍然是考生容易混淆的近似連詞的用法，試題的結(jié)構(gòu)將越來越復(fù)雜，設(shè)問的角度將越來越多樣化。突破方法1. 首先應(yīng)具備全面的狀語從句知識，熟悉每個連接詞的語義和語用特征，尤其像as since這樣的用法靈活的詞；像before until unless等用法復(fù)雜的詞

3、；像as when while as since because if even if in case as long as這些不易區(qū)分的表達(dá)，一定要充分重視對它們的學(xué)習(xí)2. 解答并列句和狀語從句類題目時，一定要頭腦清醒，思維清晰。實際上，這類題是讓你選出兩個具有一定邏輯關(guān)系分句之間的一個“邏輯鏈”。所以，能否準(zhǔn)確把握分句間的邏輯關(guān)系是做出正確選擇的關(guān)鍵。3. 經(jīng)驗表明，收集一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長難句進(jìn)行邏輯思維能力的專項訓(xùn)練是有益的、必要的并列句一、 句子的分類 主語+謂語 主語+謂語+賓語 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 簡單句 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語 主語+系動詞+表語 表遞進(jìn)句子 表選擇并列句

4、 表轉(zhuǎn)折 表因果 其他 形容詞性從句即定語從句 主語從句名詞性從句 賓語從句 復(fù)合句 表語從句 同位語從句 副詞性從句即狀語從句二、 并列句的基本概念并列句由兩個或兩個以上并列句而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。三、 常見的并列句1. 表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有and, not onlybut (also)., neithernor, not.but等He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.Not only did he speak more correctly, but (

5、also) he spoke more easily.2. 表選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等Either you are right,or I am.Dont drive so fast or/ otherwise youll have an accident.3. 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but, yet, whereas, while等Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.Some men are rich, while/ whereas others are

6、poor.4. 表因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so, forThe shops were closed so I didnt get any milk.It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.5. when還可用作并列連詞，其意思為“這時，那時”，相當(dāng)于and at this/ that time。常用于下列句式：sb. Was doing sth. Whensb. Was about to do/ going to do/ on the point of doing sth.Sb. Had just done sth. Whe

7、n.We were having a meeting when someone broken in.We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.6. while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.時間狀語從句一、 when, while 和as1. when既可引導(dǎo)一個持續(xù)動詞，也可引導(dǎo)一個短暫動作，可用于主句動作和從句動作同時發(fā)生，也可用于從句動作先于主句動作發(fā)生when I lived there, I used to g

8、o to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而且其主語和主句的主語一致，其表語又是一個名詞時，就可以用由as引導(dǎo)的省略句來代替when引導(dǎo)的從句。As a young man , he was fond of hunting.2. 從屬連詞while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.3. 從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的動作交替進(jìn)行或同時發(fā)

9、生，可譯為“一邊.一邊.”或 “隨著.”He hurried home, looking behind as he went.As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.4. 如果主句表示的是短暫動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作，此時when, while 與as可互換。When/ while/ as I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.二、 as soone as, immediately, directly, i

10、nstantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner.than和hardly/ scarecely.when.The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.No sooer had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.三、 till, until和notuntil1. 肯定句：主句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，

11、主句、從句都為肯定式，意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點(diǎn)才停止”He remained there until/till she arrived.You may stay here until/ till the rain stops.2. 否定句：主句的謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定式，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”.He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3. till不可以置于句首，而until可以Until you told me I had no idea of it.4. not.until句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用法（1） It was n

12、ot until you told me that I had any idea of it.（2） Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.四、 before和since1. 若表達(dá)“還未就.; 不到就.;.才.;還沒來得及.就.”時，需用連詞beforeWe had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.We hadnt run a mile before he left tired.Before I could get in a word, he had measue

13、d me.2. before從句中謂語不用否定式。Before they reached the station, the train had gone.3. It will be +一段時間+before.還要多久才It will be half a year before I come back.It wont be long before we meet again.4. since從句的謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞，主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的或者是反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。Since從句的時態(tài)若是一般過去時，相應(yīng)地，主句中的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。I have written home f

14、our times since I came here.She has been working in this factory since she left school.5. 在“it is +一段時間+ since從句”句型中，其句意取決于從句的謂語動詞是否可延續(xù)。It is three years since the war broke out.It is three years since I smoked a cigar.五、 every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time, all the time等名詞短語用來

15、引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng); 每次.; 下次.”等every /Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.The last time she saw James，he was lying in bed.地點(diǎn)狀語從句和原因狀語從句一、 地點(diǎn)狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞where, wherever 指具體地點(diǎn)時，從句可位于主句之前或之后；表示抽象條件的含義時，從句需放在主句之前。We should go

16、 where the Party needs us most.You are free to go wherever you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever there is smoke, there is fire.2. 注意區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句你最好在有問題的地方做一下標(biāo)記。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questi

17、ons.二、 原因狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有：because, as, since, now that，每個連詞的含義不盡相同。區(qū)別項目位置內(nèi)涵語氣能否回答why能否被強(qiáng)調(diào)Because主句前或后直接因果關(guān)系強(qiáng)能能As主句前或后雙方都知道的原因弱不能不能Since/now that主句前I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our mee

18、ting.2. 此外，when, seeing/considering that也可以表示原因，意為：既然；考慮到It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句一、 目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case lest等1. in order that 與so that兩個連詞都意為“以便.;為了.”，它們引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞。In order that比so

19、 that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。Ill speak slowly so that you can see understand me.In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.2. for fear that 與in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，for fear that 表示“害怕/擔(dān)心發(fā)生某事”；in cas表示“以防”發(fā)生某種情況Mary didnt want to get out of bed for fear that sh

20、e might wake her baby up.Take your raincoat in case/ lest it should rain.二、 結(jié)果狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that, sothat;suchthat在非正式語體中，由sothat, suchthat引導(dǎo)的句子中that可以省略，注意其結(jié)構(gòu)形式So+ 形容詞/副詞+that從句So+ 形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that 從句So+many/much/few/little(少)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句數(shù)名詞+that從句Such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+th

21、at從句Such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞+that 從句Such+a lot of/ lots of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his fa

22、mily.So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.2. 除結(jié)果狀語從句外，tooto; enough to.; soas to等不定式結(jié)構(gòu)同樣可以表示結(jié)果。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.=He got up so late as to miss the bus.條件狀語從句和方式狀語從句一、 條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：i

23、f unless so/as long as in case on condition that suppose/supposing that provided that/ providing assuming that considering that given thatYoull fail the exam unless you study hard.As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.Suppose/supposing that they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help

24、.In case there is a fire, what will we do first?二、 方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as as if as though等。方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。其中as if 或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn)，也可以用陳述語氣。Do as you are old to, or youll be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句一

25、、 讓步狀語從句1. although/though, even though/ even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句although/though兩者意思相同，一般可互換，都可以與yet, still,或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.Although/though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.Even though/ if it is raining, well go there.Even i

26、f Iwere busy, I would go.注意：though還可以用作副詞，意為“可是，然而”，置于句末He said he would come; he didnt, though.2. as 或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時倒裝的情況as或though從句一般放在主句之前，常用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首。若表語時單數(shù)名詞，前置時要省略冠詞Child as/ though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.Much as/though I like it, I wont buy it, for its too

27、 expensive.3. whetheror;疑問詞+ever與no matter+疑問詞whatever you believe it or not, it is true.Whatever =No matter what you say, he wont believe you.Whoever you are=No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.注意：whoever, whatever,whomever, whichever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。You can take whatever you like.4. when, whi

28、le也可作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于although.Suddenly , she stopped short when she ought to have continued.While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.狀語從句中的省略一、 時間狀語從句中常見的緊縮形式Dont speak until spoken to.I prefer my milk a little sweeted whenever possible.As a young man ,Abraham L

29、incoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.He often makes mistakes when speaking English.三、 條件狀語從句中常見的緊縮形式Come tomorrow if possible.If so, you must go back and get it.Ill buy a TV set if necessary.The girl never gave in unless wrong.Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.四、 方式狀語從句中的常見緊縮形式Some flow

30、ers shut up at night as if to sleep.She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone.The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though angry.The inspector looked round, as if in search of something.五、 其他狀語從句中的緊縮形式Though cold, he still wore a shirt.Being blind, he couldnt see anything.=As he was

31、 blind, he couldnt see anything.Fill in the blanket with articles where necessary.特殊句式考綱解讀1. 對于感嘆句、祈使句、反義疑問句和否定句的考查主要從以下幾個方面進(jìn)行：（1） 感嘆句的考查要點(diǎn)是what與how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句作為賓語從句出現(xiàn)在試題中，其難點(diǎn)有兩個方面：一是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)前面用what還是how;二是感嘆句的語序。（2） 祈使句的主要考點(diǎn)是：根據(jù)句式特點(diǎn)判斷是祈使分句還是狀語成分；祈使句+and/or+結(jié)果分句（3） 反義疑問句主要考查主從復(fù)合句和并列句的反義疑問句（4） 否定句的考查主要是對于

32、部分否定句的辨認(rèn)2. 對省略句的考查主要從以下幾個方面進(jìn)行：（1） 省略主語、主語和謂語、主語和謂語的一部分（2） 不定式符號to的省略（3） 狀語從句中主語和謂語動詞部分的省略（4） 不定式中動詞的省略（5） 特殊句型的省略（6） 定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略（7） Not, so , neither, nor的“替代性”省略3. 對倒裝句的考查主要從以下幾個方面入手（1） 含有否定意味的詞置于句首時，部分倒裝（2） Only位于句首時，部分倒裝（3） So/suchthat句型中，so/such位于句首時，so/such后的主句倒裝，that從句不倒裝4. 對主謂一致的考查重點(diǎn)是（1） 主語+a

33、s well as/ together with +名詞/代詞（2） Not onlybut also; neitheror.連接兩個主語（3） Means, works 等詞匯作主語命題規(guī)律1. 五年高考有關(guān)特殊句式考點(diǎn)分布表考點(diǎn)題量年份倒裝句強(qiáng)調(diào)句反義疑問句祈使句和感嘆句There be 句型其他200863120220091014117201041002220114423032012521203合計2911883172. 本專題內(nèi)容知識性強(qiáng)， 主要涉及語言形式。五年高考考查的熱點(diǎn)為倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句，占本專題試題總量的533. 注重考查知識之間的交叉現(xiàn)象，加大了綜合考查語法知識的力度命題趨勢

34、1. 加強(qiáng)語法專項練習(xí)，尤其是強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝兩部分，一定要反復(fù)練習(xí)，確保記憶的準(zhǔn)確和全面2. 不可對語法條目進(jìn)行單純的機(jī)械記憶，理解才是真正學(xué)好語法的關(guān)鍵，尤其是在知識之間出現(xiàn)交叉的地方，更要注重理解，認(rèn)真對照，找出異同，以求舉一反三，融會貫通。3. 考前應(yīng)認(rèn)真研讀高考題目，了解高考題目的立意方向和設(shè)問風(fēng)格，做到知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆倒裝一、 完全倒裝謂語動詞完全放在主語之前的句子，便是完全倒裝句。這類句型主要有兩種1. 表示方位或時間的副詞或介詞短語，如here, there, then, up, down, in, out,away, off, in the room, on the wall等置

35、于句首，且主語是名詞時In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.South of the river lies a small factory.Out rushed the children.In she came.2. such 置于句首時Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.Such are the facts; on one can deny them.二 部分倒裝只把謂語的一部分（多為助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）置于主語之前的句子，叫部分倒裝句。這類句型主要有下面幾種：1. only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，且放在句首時Only in this way can we learn English well.Only when he returned did we find out the truth.2. 否定副