動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)-How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?-Well, the media _ it in a variety of forms.(2014 江蘇)A. cover B. will coverC. have covered D. covered 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?1.表經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如everysometimes, onSunday 等。?2. 表客觀真理和科學(xué)事實(shí)。 The earth moves around the sun .The tea

2、cher told us the earth around the sun .?3.用于條件，時(shí)間，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，主將從現(xiàn)。I will go with you as soon as I (finish) my work .Whatever you (say), I will not change my mind.?4.用于文學(xué)作品和文學(xué)評(píng)論中。his characters live through their language inAccording to the literary review, Shakespeare _ his plays.A. will make B. had ma

3、de C. was making D. makes 5.表示預(yù)計(jì)或規(guī)定6.方位副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首，主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，且全部倒裝時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 基礎(chǔ)再練? I 'll go there after I (fin ish) my work.? The water will be further polluted unless some measures? My train (leave )at 6:30.? A snow (expect) to come next week.? On the wall (hang) a picture.? This kind of c

4、loth (wash ) well.? Don ' t take it away. It (belong) to me.? He said water (boil) at 100 ° C二.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)? 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)關(guān)系。常用的時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)有： yesterday ， just now, last year, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則 表示： 1 )一個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還將持續(xù)下去) 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有 lately, in the last /

5、 past few days, since then, so far 等。 2)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。 常用的狀語(yǔ)有 just, never, before 等。He served in the army from 1954to 1959 .He has served in the army for 5 years .He wrote many plays when he was at college .He has written many plays.He has lived in London for 3 years.He lived in London for 3 years.I

6、t' s two years since he smoked.(take)等。already,cf:A:B:It' s two years since he began to smoke. C: He was writing a book last year.He wrote a book last year.1 .-How was the journey?-Tiring! All the seats in the train . I stoodall the way.A. were occupied B. would be occupiedC. would occupyD.

7、has occupiedA. workedC. had worked3. Look! SomebodyA. is cleaningC. has cleaned 基礎(chǔ)再練B. was cleaningD. had cleaned2. He works in China now, but he in Africa for eight years.B. has workedD. has been working the sofa.Well,it wasn't me . I didn't do it.1. -I haven ' t seen you for ages. Have

8、n' t you graduated from collage?- Yes, I (study ) English for four years in Nanjing University.2. Where you (put ) my book? I can ' t find it any where.3. Although he has lived with us for years, he ( not leave ) us much impression .4. My brother is an actor. He (appear ) in several films in

9、 the past few years.5. -Li ping may not come tonight.-But he (promise).三 . 一般將來(lái)時(shí)1) will /shallwill 用于各種人稱(chēng)，表現(xiàn)在看來(lái)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，還可表必然趨勢(shì)，臨時(shí)決定等。 Shall 只用于第一人稱(chēng)。2) be going to do 表計(jì)劃或打算要做某事，還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在跡象對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。3) be about to do 表立即的將來(lái)，因此不與將來(lái)的具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。4) be to do 表按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事，意為應(yīng)該，想，打算，注定會(huì)。5) 有些動(dòng)詞如 come, go,

10、 arrive, leave, begin 等，其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)亦可表按計(jì)劃， 安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?；A(chǔ)再練? Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your safety belt. The plane ( take ) off.? Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 (take) off at 18:20.? If you (succeed) ,you should work hard.? Look at the dark clouds. It (rain)?-The light is still on .-

11、 Sorry. I (go ) and turn it off.四 . 過(guò)去完成時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)1. 過(guò)完表一件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而另一件事先于它發(fā)生，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有by then, by that time, by the end of before 2000, hardly / scarcely /rarely when ,no sooner than2. 表意向的動(dòng)詞如 hope ,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，常用過(guò)完表 “原 本 而未能”I had hoped/expected/meant /intended t

12、o do ,but =I hoped /expected to have done but=I would like /love to have done but=I was to have done /I was going to do /I would have done but3. 將完 到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間，某動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成。其結(jié)構(gòu)為 will have done . 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 為 by +將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間基礎(chǔ)再練? Helen (leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband(come )home.?

13、I (hope) to meet Mr.Thompson this morning, but I found nobody left inroom.? By the time he (return ) home, the work had been finished.? By the time he returns home, the work (finish).? We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July ,and by then we (walk ) forsix weeks.五 . 現(xiàn)進(jìn)、過(guò)進(jìn)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示

14、： 1) ( 目前現(xiàn)階段)正在進(jìn)行的情況。2) 表反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾 等情緒，常與 always, continually, constantly 連用。3) 表漸變的動(dòng)詞如 get, grow, become, turn ,run, go , begin 等 常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表動(dòng)作的逐漸變化。? 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞：1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的詞： have ,belong, possess, exist, 等2) 心理狀態(tài)的詞： know, think, realize, believe, want, 等3) 系動(dòng)詞： seem, remain, smell, feel, 等。? 過(guò)去

15、進(jìn)行時(shí)表過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如：the wholemorning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, when, while 等。? 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候或某時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。? 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表動(dòng)作的未完成性和暫時(shí)性。 基礎(chǔ)再練1) -Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet. The rooms (paint)2) My father (fall) while he (ride) his bicycle and (hurt) himself.3) -Why are her

16、 eyes red?-She (cry)4) He (fly ) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.5) You always (watch) TV . Why not do something more active?6) -Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?-No, but we (try ) to get in touch with them ever since.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?基本構(gòu)成be+過(guò)去分詞1. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)1) . 系動(dòng)詞 look ,sou

17、nd, feel, taste, appear, seem, prove , turn, become, fall, get, grow, keep +adj./n.The steel feels cold. /It has gone bad.2) . 表示開(kāi)始，結(jié)束，運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如 begin, finish, start, close, end, shut, run 等。如：Work began at 7:00 this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m every day.3) . 表主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞，如：read, write, drive, se

18、ll, wash, lock,draw, dry 等。這類(lèi)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常有一個(gè)修飾詞，如：easily, well, soomthly.4) . 固定詞組 be to blame, be to let.5) 在 need,require, want, worth(adj.), deserve 后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式。6) measure, weigh, add up to 后接數(shù)字時(shí)。7) 在 be+adj.+to do 中， 不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)。2. 不及物動(dòng)詞或某些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)。如： appear, die, disappear, end (結(jié)束)， happen, si

19、t, take place,3. 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，如：fit, have, own, wish, suffer from, happen to belong to基礎(chǔ)再練1. The water cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was leftB. was to feelC. felt D. was to be felt2. I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child .A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame3. Docto