高中英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、高中英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)定語從句是高中重點知識，也是高考?？键c，大家也不容易掌握，這篇文章主要教你關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 限制性和非限制性定語從句等內(nèi)容，有例題講解 定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。 關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。 18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)

2、系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語） 2）whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如： They rushed over to hel

3、p the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。 3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語） The package （which

4、 / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語） 18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。 1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is th

5、e place where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介+which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unl

6、ikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。 18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked toge

7、ther with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。 判斷改錯： （錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （對） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （對） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside. 習(xí)慣上總把

8、表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ y

9、ou visited a few days ago. 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。 關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、

10、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語）。 18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句 1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we

11、bought last month, is very nice. 這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性） 2）當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。 This novel, which I have read thr

12、ee times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。 說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 18.5 介詞+關(guān)

13、系詞 1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2）that前不能有介詞。 3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？ Do you remember the

14、day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句 由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?典型例題 1）Alice received a

15、n invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. whichD. he 答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于

16、非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。 3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whichC. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點： （1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。 （2） as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用w

17、hich.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應(yīng)為B。 as 的用法 例1. the sameas；suchas 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。例如： I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。 例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。 As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health

18、. As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。 。 18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 1）不用that的情況 a） 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。例如： （錯）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介詞后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

19、2） 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which. c）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。 d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。. e）先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 Finally, the thief ha

20、nded everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。 定語從句1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which the

21、y stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _we'll visit next week is

22、not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you t

23、alked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. whi

24、ch D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want t

25、o use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C.

26、with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which

27、 B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the

28、title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we

29、spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working

30、 perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.

31、for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. wh

32、ich36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39

33、. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I sh

34、all never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a ser

35、vant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. wha

36、t; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neith

37、er of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 參考答案一 單項選擇  定語從句15 A C A B A     610 B C C A D     1115 C B D D A 1620 D C A B B   2126 B B B A D D參考答案及解析1. A. which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句

38、中作主語。2C. "和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。3. D. where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。4. C. when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。5A. which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。6C. 解析同第5題。7. A. 解析見第3題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動語態(tài)have been s

39、hown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A. “談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。10. A. with which是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In fron

40、t of which在從句中作狀語.12. D. with whom引導(dǎo)定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14. A. that引導(dǎo)定語從句,因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以

41、單獨用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句中為:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引導(dǎo)定語從句時通常構(gòu)成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。

42、as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時,要用such a.,本題中such books, such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21. D. who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24. A. whose title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which25. A. for which 引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for "以.而聞名".26. C. 當先行詞被such修飾時,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as. As在本從句中作主語.27. A. 兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.