高中英語-定語從句-疑難點解析及疑難題目詳解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高中英語 定語從句 疑難點解析及疑難題目詳解編著者：安徽亳州三中 王麗勝I. 只能用關(guān)系代詞that的情況1. 先行詞里同時含有人和物時。如：I can still remember the students and pictures that I saw in the classroom.2先行詞被序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級所修飾， 或本身是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或基數(shù)詞時。無論指人、指物如：Lin Zexu was the first Chinese that opened his eyes to the world in modern Chinese history.

2、(這里的that不能換成who)There are three that are in excellent quality.This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.This is the worst that I have met.This is the best composition that I have written.He is the second student that passed the exam.He is the worst that I have met.這是我見過的最差的一個。3.先行詞被t

3、he very, the only, the right, the same, the last, the one,等詞修飾時。如：This is the very laptop that I am going to buy.The only thing that matters is to find our way home.Thats the only thing that we can do now.4.先行詞為everything, anything, something, nothing, none, the one(one見II-1)等不定代詞時,或由every，any，some,

4、 no, none of, 等修飾時。如：Everything that he has done is in vain.他所做的一切都是徒勞的。He told me everything that he knew.Is there anything that I can do for you?He did everything that he can do for me.I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.No news that he tells us is good.Ex.: You

5、 can only be sure of _you have at present; you cannot be sure of something_you might get in the future. A. that;what B.what; / C.which; that D./ ; that答案：B 解析： be sure of 后面缺少賓語，從句的have也缺少賓語，故第一個空選what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并且作have的賓語；第二個空是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，that在定語從句中作賓語所以省略了。綜上：第一個空必須是what，第二個空可以是that/不填?！?不同于上面所講的everyt

6、hing, anything等不定代詞的用法，先行詞是one，ones, anyone或those指代人時，只能用who不能用that如：She was so angry that he said to her father that he would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.】5.先行詞是all，much, little, few，many, any，或先行詞被all,much,liitle,few，many，any，every，no等所修飾時。 All that I can do for her is to cr

7、y with her.6.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時, 無論指人還是指物，都用that。此時的that?？墒÷?。如: China is no longer the country that it used to be.(關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語) He is not the naughty boy that he was in the past.7.主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為物，其后的定語從句用that，不用which； 【主語是人，其后的定語從句用who,不用that】如：On the table there are two apples that you can take to

8、 school. In the office there is an old lady who is waiting for you.8.主句是who開頭的特殊疑問句，該句中的定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that（或whom）。 主句是which開頭的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，該句中的定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that。 Who is the girl that is singing an English song? Who is the man that/ whom I saw this morning? Which is the book that you like?9.定語從句中套有另一個定語從

9、句，期中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which。 He visited a factory which produced things that sold well.他參觀了一個工廠，其制造的產(chǎn)品很暢銷。II.適合用who而不用that指人的情況：1. 先行詞是one, ones, anyone, those等指人的不定代詞。（the one見） One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.一個無所畏懼的人敢于說真話。2.先行詞后有后置定語。Im writing to a friend in England who is

10、studying in Oxford University.3.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。There are many young people who like his song very much.4.一個句子中有兩個定語從句，期中一個用了that，為避免重復(fù)另一個宜用who。 The girl that you met yesterday is an English teacher who teaches well. III. 只能用關(guān)系代詞which的情況1. 關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時。如：This is the house in which we live in New Zealand.

11、(不可以是in that)2.先行詞為that，those，并且指物時，要用which。如： Whats that which is floating on the river? 河里漂著的那個東西是什么？ 【如果先行詞是that，those，但是指人時，要用who或whom,不能用that】如：The park will also honor those who helped the survivors. Those who want to see the film please write down your names here.3.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。如： Their son ca

12、me back, which made Mr. and Mrs. Edison Happy.4.一個句子同時有兩個定語從句，其中一個是由that引導(dǎo)的，另一個用who，以免重復(fù)。（指人時）IV. as做關(guān)系代詞 1. 關(guān)系代詞as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，常用于下列句式： such+名詞+as “像一樣的；像之類” the same+名詞+as “和同樣的” We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as作主語) 我們已找到了他們工廠里

13、用的那種材料。 我想讀你看的那本書。 I want to read such a book as you read. =I want to read the same book as you read. such as such為代詞，意為“這樣的人或物”，as引導(dǎo)定語從句、先行詞是such。 This book is not such as I expect.這不是一本我所期望的書。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可以指代整個句子的內(nèi)容，置于主句前面或后面。As you know, that dictionary was written chiefly for Chinese students.你

14、知道的，那本字典是專為中國學(xué)生編寫的。Her performance was wonderful, as we had expected.=Her performance was wonderful, which we had expected.(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，置于主句后面時，可以用which代替as)正如我們所預(yù)料的，她的表演棒極了。眾所周知，中國是個發(fā)展中國家。 As we all know, China is a developing country.As is known to all ,China is a developing country. Ex.:(2009天津高

15、考，14) I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as B. which C. when D.though 解析：as+do+主語結(jié)構(gòu)表示“AB也一樣”，as位于從句首，助動詞提前構(gòu)成倒裝。2.as與which的區(qū)別定語從句區(qū)別限制性定語從句中1.名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as，不能用which。2.名詞前有such修飾時，若從句是一個完整的句子，用that，此時that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀

16、語從句。若從句不是完整的句子，如缺少主語、賓語，用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.the sameas指同樣或同類的，the samethat指同一個。非限制性定語從句中4.as和which都指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。as譯為“正如，像”，放在主句前、后皆可；which譯為“這件事”，只能放在主句后?！?】This book is written in such easy English that I can read it.(結(jié)果狀語從句，that從句中不缺主語、賓語，that只起連接作用，無詞義，不作句子成分)This book is written in such easy English as I

17、 can read.(賓語從句，as代指book，在從句中作read的賓語)【3】This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.(同類)This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.(同一個)【4】They won the game, as we had expected.(表示預(yù)料之中) They won the game, which we had not expected.(表示預(yù)料之外)【4】As was planned, we met at the school gate.【5】Summa

18、ry: the same-as-和the same-that-都是定語從句； such-as-是定語從句；such-that-是結(jié)果狀語從句。V. 介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)定語從句的特點： Part 1.關(guān)系代詞用作介詞的賓語時，介詞可以放于從句句首也可放于從句句末；介詞放于從句句末時，關(guān)系代詞可省略。如：This is the person (whom) you are going to work with. 2. 當(dāng)先行詞指人時，并且介詞放在定語從句的句首時，關(guān)系代詞要用whom，而不用who； 指物時要用which，而不用that。 注意：1.一些固定搭配中，一般不將介詞與動詞分開

19、，將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前，如listen to, look at, depend on, take care of, look into, look for等。什么叫固定搭配？當(dāng)動詞和介詞組成的是個有特殊意思的詞組的時候就不能提前。比如，look for, look after.這些詞組的意思是單純look和for沒有的，只能放在一起。但如borrow from, live in，talk with, talk to，write to就可以將介詞提前。This is the girl whom I borrowed a book from.=This is the girl from whom

20、 I borrowed a book.這就是我向她借書的那個女孩。Is this the room which he once lived in?=Is this the room in which he once lived?這是他曾經(jīng)住過的房子嗎?介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，是定語從句語一種介詞前置的定語從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞定語時，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如：The man whomwhothatyou should write to is Mr. White. (wh

21、om 作to 的賓語，to在謂語動詞之后)=The man to whom you should write is Mr. Write. (介詞to置于whom前，whom 作賓語)你該給他寫信的那個人是懷特先生 Part 一、當(dāng)先行詞指人時，用“介詞+whom”句型注意：此時不用who或that。 (1)The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Mr. Ball. （whom不能省略，也不用who 或that）(2)The girl with whom my sister visited the Great Wall has just come back

22、 from London二、先行詞指物時，用“介詞+which”句型注意：先行詞指物時，不能用關(guān)系代詞that直接跟在介詞后作賓語。例如：1.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike. （which不能改為that）2.The house to which he took us was very old. （which不能改為that）三、介詞的選擇和運(yùn)用是重中之重1.根據(jù)介詞與先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介詞。先行詞不同，與之習(xí)慣搭配的介詞也不同。例如：(1)Do you still remember the day on which

23、we met for the first time? (2)Do you still remember the days during which we worked together? 2.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介詞。動詞不同，要求與之搭配的介詞不同，動詞與不同介詞的搭配所表達(dá)的意義也大相徑庭。例如：(1)He lost the book in which he kept many telephone numbers. (2)I dont know the person to whom you talked just now. 注意: “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,

24、關(guān)系代詞只能用which和whom, 且不能省略。介詞主要根據(jù)三個方面來選擇: 一是先行詞與介詞的搭配; 二是定語從句中謂語動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配; 三是根據(jù)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在從句中的作用及意義。1當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作look after, look for, take care of等不能拆開使用的及物動詞性短語（. 含有介詞的動詞短語）的賓語時, 介詞不可以提前。2若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；如：Is this the book which you are looking for? 若寫成for which yo

25、u are looking 就錯了。2.介詞的選用必須遵循的三個原則： 依據(jù)定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。This is the book on which I spent five yuan.This is the book for which I paid five yuan.This is the book from which I learnt a lot.This is the book in which there are few new words.This is the book about which Tom often talks. 依據(jù)與先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來確定

26、。I still remember the day on which I joined the League.I still remember the days during which I lived in the country.I still remember the years in which I stayed there. 根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的意思來確定。Part True or False Exercise 1.含有介詞的動詞短語固定搭配一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/t

27、hat I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfo

28、rtable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (F)(這里的talk with sb,fly in the plane,并不屬于固定搭配,是直接就可以湊成的搭配,所以其介詞可以提前)VI. whose= of which the 如：（2009 湖南高考，26）I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A

29、. which B. of which C. that D.whose解析：答案D a city whose name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.=a city of which the name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.=a city the name of which will create a picture of beautiful trees and green

30、 grass in our mind.VII.why= for which 關(guān)系副詞why的先行詞常為reason,在從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“for which”Do you know the reason why he left early?= Do you know the reason for which he left early?但是，即便是先行詞是表示原因的名詞，但如果定語從句中缺的是主語、賓語或表語，關(guān)系詞還是要用that或which（缺的是表語不可用which）如：The reason that/which he gave us was unacceptable.我不知道他缺

31、課的原因。 I dont know the reason why/for which he was absent from class.=I dont know the reason which/that he was absent from class for.VIII.關(guān)系代詞無論是做動詞的賓語還是做介詞的賓語都可以省略。 Can you lend me the novel_the other day? A. that you talked B.you talked about it C. which you talked with D.you talked about 答案：D。答案還可

32、以使which you talked about 或that you talked aboutIX.特殊的關(guān)系副詞that，在口語中課代替關(guān)系副詞，要求指代的先行詞是表示方式的名詞如the way，在從句中that（=in which）充當(dāng)從句的狀語.我們不喜歡他與母親說話的方式。We all dont like the way that he spoke to his mother(先行詞the way是表示方式的名詞，that在從句中充當(dāng)狀語)（此句為口語的用法）=We all dont like the way in which he spoke to his mother.* 需要注意

33、的是how不用于引導(dǎo)定語從句，可以用in which 或是that。X.特殊的介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 介詞+which+名詞（在定語從句中一起作狀語），此結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為：and+ 介詞+thatthis+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 Jane lived in Paris for 5 years, during which time(=and during this time)she learned French.介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞（在從句中一般作狀語），此結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞+whose+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 He lived in a house , in front of which there was a tal

34、l tree.=He lived in a house in whose front there was a tall tree.=He lived in a house and in its front there was a tall tree.XI.特殊定語從句類別1：分隔式定語從句：先行詞與關(guān)系詞之間被某些結(jié)構(gòu)如介詞短語、不定式短語等分開A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English. 類別2：插入式定語從句：關(guān)系代詞與從句中插入一個句子Last year I met a strange man, I still r

35、emember today, who seemed to come from a fairy story.類別3：省略式定語從句：介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式 可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞+關(guān)系代詞+定語從句She made enough money with which to buy a new computer.=She made enough money with which she could buy a new computer.類別4：關(guān)系副詞where之前一般不加介詞，但from where是個特例，此時where指代地點短語而不是指代某個先行詞。I stood near the window, fr

36、om where I could see the street.(此時where指代的地點短語是near the window)He climbed up to the top floor of the tower and soon his head appeared out of the window,_the whole city came into view.A. of which B. from which C. from where D.where答案：C 解析：此時where指代的地點短語是out of the window區(qū)別于：Soon we climbed up to the

37、 top of the mountain,_the whole city came into view. A.of which B.from which C. when D.from where答案：B。這里的which指代的是the top of the mountain.【Summary:比較句子與我們可以得出這樣的規(guī)律：where指代的是介詞+地點名詞，也就是說where指代的是經(jīng)典的地點狀語，即介詞+地點名詞】 類別5：當(dāng)先行詞是case，situation,condition,point,position,stage等時，常用關(guān)系副詞where。There are some case

38、s, where the rule is unfit to use.“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” 類別6：when有時可作關(guān)系代詞，意為“那時”，跟在介詞during，since,before等后I went to bed at 10, before when I was reading

39、 a novel.類別7：當(dāng)先行詞time表示“次數(shù)”時，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)，或that省略，當(dāng)time表“時期”“一段時間”時應(yīng)用when/at which/during which引導(dǎo) Its the first time (that) Ive been here.(此時的是特殊的關(guān)系副詞that，見第IX條) Ill never forget the time when/during which we played together.XII.定語從句難題收集：1.Having a chat with an old friend you havent seen for ten year

40、s is a pleasant thing,_I prefer very much. A.it B.that C.what D.one 答案：D 。 解析：逗號后面的部分可以用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾a pleasant thing, 但選項中沒有which。 此處可用代詞one作a pleasant thing的同位語，one后面跟有一個定語從句，由于關(guān)系代詞在此定語從句中作prefer的賓語，故省略了。2. The way_he looks at problems is wrong. A.which B. whose C what D./答案：D 。解析：記住一點：the w

41、ay作先行詞且在定語從句中作狀語時，其后的的引導(dǎo)詞可以是that/in which,也可以省略，故選D項。3.The freezing point is the temperature_water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C.in which D. of what 答案：A 解析：在某個溫度用介詞at，如：Water boils at a temperature of 100°C. The seeds should be stored at low temperatures.4. Ill tell you_he told me

42、 last week.A. all which B.that C.all that D. which 答案：C 解析：先行詞是all，much, little, few，many, any，或先行詞被all,much,liitle,few，many，any所修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。這里的that在定語從句中做直接賓語，也可以省去。所以空格中可以填all或all that。5.That tree,_branches are almost bare, is very old. A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 答案：A。 解析：有人會誤選B。

43、其實whose=of which+the 所以 ,whose branches are almost bare=of which the branches are almost bare,= the branches of which are almost bare,6.I have bought the same dress_she is wearing. A.as B.that C.which D.what答案：A 解析：從語法上A、B都有可能選。the same-as-同類的，相像的 the same-that-同一個 如：This is the same book as I lent

44、you yesterday.(同類)This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.(同一個)7.Those_not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A.learn B. who C that learns D. who learn 答案：D 。有人誤以為還可以是that learn。先行詞是one, ones, anyone, those等指人的不定代詞,只能用who，不能用that。所以答案唯一只能是who learn。8.Anyone_this opinion

45、may speak out. A.that againsts B. that against C.who is against D.who are against答案：C 解析：同上一題。9.Is there anything_to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.that belong D.which belongs答案：B解析：先行詞為everything, anything, something, nothing, none等不定代詞時,或由every，any，some, no, none of, 等修飾時，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。10.

46、Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except_who had already taken them. A.the ones B.ones C.some D.the others答案：A解析： who had already taken them是個限制性的定語從句，因此排除B、C。而D選項the others 與some對應(yīng)，不與all對應(yīng)。 A項the ones 可以換成those。11.The hotel_during our holidays stands by the seaside. A.we stayed at B.wh

47、ere we stayed at C. we stayed D in that we stayed答案：A。B項要改為which we stayed at或where we stayed.12.He is not_a fool_.A.such, as he is looked B.such, as he looks C.as, as he is looked D.so,as he looks答案：BHe is not such a fool as he looks. as在定語從句中充當(dāng)表語。13.Is that the reason_you are in favor of the propo

48、sal? A.which B. what C.why D.for that 答案：C 解析: be in favor of sth 支持，贊成14. He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin.A.that B. as C.who D.what 答案：B 這里as也可以換成which。 解析：as 和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，as和which都指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。as譯為“正如，像”，放在主句前、后皆可；which譯為“這件事”，只能放在主句后。 15.He has two sons,_work as chemists.

49、 A.two of whom B.both of whom C. both of which D all of whom 答案：B。解析：A項 two of whom,中的whom應(yīng)該是三個或三個以上。A項要是改為the two of whom就也可以選了。16.I,_your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B.who am C. that is D. what is 答案：B。 C項 that is=that is to say : which means 就是; 即: He's a local go

50、vernment administrator, that is to say a Civil Servant. 他是地方行政官員, 也就是說是文官。如果選C，句子就是I, which means your good friend, will try my best to help you out. 這里應(yīng)該是who means,這是一方面。另一方面就是朋友，何來意味著朋友的說法呢？17. I dont like_you speak to her. A.the way B.the way in that C. the way which D.the way of which答案：A解析：特殊的關(guān)

51、系副詞that，在口語中課代替關(guān)系副詞，要求指代的先行詞是表示方式的名詞如the way，在從句中that（=in which）充當(dāng)從句的狀語.此時的that或in which 可以省略。 C項要改為the way in which 就對了。18.The dinner was the most expensive meal we_. A.would have B.have had C. had never had D.had ever had答案：D 解析：人們常會誤選B，要選B，主句的時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的改變。 The dinner is the most expensive meal we h

52、ave had. The dinner was the most expensive meal we had ever had.19.Do you know which hotel_?A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D.is she staying in 答案：B 呆在一個賓館stay at/in a hotel ，本題不是定語從句，而是一個which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，隸屬于名詞性從句的一種。20.There is only one thing_I can do.A.what B.that Call D.which

53、 答案：B。解析：主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為物，其后的定語從句用that，不用which； 【主語是人，其后的定語從句用who,不用that】21.Who can think of a situation_this idiom can be used? A.which B.that C.where D.in that 答案：C 解析：當(dāng)先行詞是case，situation,condition,point,position,stage等時，常用關(guān)系副詞where。22.They were interested_you told them.A.in which B.in that C.al

54、l that D. in everything 答案：D 解析：They were interested in everything you told them. =They were interested in everything that you told them.(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作該賓語從句的直接賓語，可以省略)另外，先行詞為everything, anything, something, nothing, none等不定代詞時,或由every，any，some, no, none of, 等修飾時。關(guān)系代詞要用that，不能用which.23.I like the second football match_was held last week. A.which B. who C.that D./答案：C 解析：先行詞被序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級所修飾， 或本身是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或基數(shù)詞時。無論指人、指物24.I think youve got to the point_a change is needed, otherwise youll fail. A.when B.that C.where D. which 答案：C 解析：當(dāng)先行詞是case，situation,condition,point,p