中考專題復(fù)習(xí)分類匯編：題型3-閱讀理解-專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練08-飲食、衛(wèi)生與健康

1、.時(shí)間：810分鐘/篇分值：2分/小題 Passage 12019天津Many people travel to different places in the world by air. Usually it takes a long time, perhaps half a day, for passengers to stay in the plane. So airlines航空公司 offer passengers food. But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree?To solve thi

2、s problem, airlines try hard to improve their food. They would like to do so because they don't want to lose customers.However, according to scientific research, part of the reason why plane food tastes bad is that at high altitude海拔 we can not taste things as well as we do on the ground. Also s

3、cientists have found that our noses become very dry even before a plane takes off. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure氣壓 reduces one third of the sensibility感覺 of our taste buds味蕾. So our taste buds become senseless. The sad fact, however, is that our noses don't know it.All of the

4、se help explain why food on the plane tastes so bad. They also help explain why airlines choose to offer passengers salty and spicy辛辣的 food. Without doing so, the food would be tasteless.Now there are many researches on this. According to one of them, some volunteers are asked to lie with their feet

5、 higher than their heads for weeks. And scientists write down their feelings about food taste.Though scientists try their best, it is not as easy as they thought. Because they can't deal with the special environment successfully, such as the change in air pressure, making food taste good is stil

6、l hard for them.1. In Paragraph 2, “this problem means _A. passengers stay long in the planeB. food on the plane tastes bad C. passengers have no food to eat D. food on the plane is expensive2. What do airlines do to solve this problem?A. Get more customers.B. Offer more food.C. Improve their food.

7、D. Reduce the ticket price.3. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure reduces _ of the sensibility of our taste buds.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth4. Why do scientists feel it hard to make food on the plane taste good?A. The volunteers don't know about food taste.B. The v

8、olunteers don't understand them.C. They can't find enough volunteers.D. They can't deal with the special environment successfully.5. What is the best title of the passage?A. Taste of Airplane Food B. Airplane TravelC. Scientific Research on Noses D. The Change in Air Pressure Passage 220

9、19東營(yíng)It seems that school children all over the world complain抱怨about their school food. What do students of your age eat for lunch at school in other countries?JapanHigh schools have dining rooms. They serve everything from noodles to rice, but not burgers and chips. Other children bring food from h

10、ome, such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles泡菜and vegetables. Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food.United StatesA typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must a

11、lso provide at least one third of the daily amount總量of necessary nutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)，such as, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium鈣AustraliaMeat pies, sausage rolls香腸卷and hotdogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops. But as the country pays more attention to children's health, healthier foo

12、ds have started to appear on school menus. Many schools have used a traffic light system. The sale of red labeled標(biāo)注foods, including cookies, chocolate and soft drinks, is served only twice a week. Healthier green labeled foods such as sushi, sandwiches, corn and watermelons, however, are available e

13、very day.South AfricaMost of South African schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at 1：30 pm. and students get their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches.Fast food and fried food sell the best among students. As a result, it has caused a rise in obesity肥胖among

14、children. But as more people began to realize that being too fat may cause different kinds of serious illnesses, some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition. Now students at these schools are offered lunches of porridge with vegetables, such as cabbage, onions, beans, carrots and

15、 tomatoes.1. High schools in Japan serve_A. noodles and rice B. burgers and rice ballsC. chips and vegetables D. fish and roast chicken2. From the passage, we know the typical menu from a US school is_A. delicious B. quite healthyC. not very healthy D. popular in South Africa3. Which are traditional

16、 dishes in Australia?A. Meat pies and hotdogs. B. Chocolate and soft drinks.C. Cookies and sushi. D. Sandwiches and corn.4. In South Africa，_A. most students have sandwiches and vegetables for lunchB. students like fast food and fried food very much C. more and more students become illD. students re

17、alized that fast food and fried food were bad for their health5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Parents in Japan are invited to taste the food twice a year.B. In the United States, school lunches must provide at least one third of the daily amount of necessary nutrition.C. In Australia, many

18、schools have used a traffic light system.D. In South Africa, schools don't serve meals. Passage 32019長(zhǎng)沙 Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation衛(wèi)生conditions

19、. In those countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent迫切的 need for people in developing countries to have access to有時(shí)機(jī)或權(quán)利使用 clean water to

20、improve their health.Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12­year­old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand­washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father,

21、“You shouldn't eat with me unless you clean your hands. Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It's not up to you to tell me what to do！ Stunned目瞪口呆的, Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest,_Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned

22、 Hadjara's head teacher, he understood the importance of hand­washing and his daughter's intentions目的. The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from n

23、ow on, let's avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.1. According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause _A. traffic problemsB. forest firesC. many illnesses2. The key to improving people's health in

24、 developing countries is _ in Paragraph 1.A. to get clean water B. to exercise oftenC. to refuse drugs3. What can we infer推斷 from Paragraph 2?A. Hadjara laughed at her father's foolishness.B. Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight.C. Hadjara's father understood his

25、daughter's love and care for him later.4. The underlined word “protest in this passage means _A. 抗議 B. 保護(hù) C. 節(jié)約5. The purpose of the writer is to _A. teach people how to wash handsB. call on people all over the world to save waterC. show developing countries rich in clean watery專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八 飲食、衛(wèi)生與安康 Pa

26、ssage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文，文章講述了為什么我們會(huì)覺得飛機(jī)上的食物不好吃的原因。1. B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：在第二段中“this problem指的是。根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句“But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree? 可知答案。應(yīng)選B。2. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：航空公司是如何解決這個(gè)問題的？根據(jù)文中第二段第一句“To solve this problem, airlines try hard to improve their food.可知選C。3. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)

27、理解題。題干意為：隨著飛機(jī)的上升，氣壓的改變降低我們味蕾敏感度的。根據(jù)文中第三段第三句“As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure氣壓 reduces one third of the sensibility感覺 of our taste buds味蕾可知選B。4. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：為什么科學(xué)家認(rèn)為把飛機(jī)上的食物味道變好很困難？根據(jù)文中最后一段最后一句“Because they can't deal with the special environment successfully, such as the cha

28、nge in air pressure, making food taste good is still hard for them.可知選D。5. A【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？A項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)上食物的味道；B項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)旅行；C項(xiàng)：關(guān)于鼻子的科學(xué)研究；D項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)氣壓的變化。通讀本文可知主要講述的是飛機(jī)上食物的味道，應(yīng)選A。Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了日本、美國(guó)、澳大利亞、南非四個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)生在學(xué)校的午餐情況。1. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：日本中學(xué)會(huì)提供。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“They serve everything from noodles

29、to rice.可知日本學(xué)校的食堂提供面條和米飯。應(yīng)選A。2. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：從短文中，我們知道美國(guó)學(xué)校傳統(tǒng)的菜單是。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken.可知傳統(tǒng)的美國(guó)校餐主要包括漢堡、炸薯?xiàng)l和烤雞，這些都是不安康的食品。應(yīng)選C。3. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：哪些是澳大利亞的傳統(tǒng)菜肴？根據(jù)文章第四段第一句的“Meat pies, sausage rolls 香腸卷 and hotdogs are

30、 all traditional dishes in Australian school shops.可知肉餡餅和熱狗是澳大利亞的傳統(tǒng)菜肴。應(yīng)選A。 4. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在南非，。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“Fast food and fried food sell the best among students.可知學(xué)生都喜歡快餐和油炸食品。應(yīng)選B。5. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：以下哪項(xiàng)是不正確的？根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food.可知A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句的“School lunches must also provide at least one third of the daily amount 總量 of necessary nutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng).可知B項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第四段第三句“Many schools have used a traffic light system.可知C項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)文章的最后一句“Now students at these schools are offered lunches.可知如今南非的這些學(xué)校已經(jīng)提供午飯，