【教案】新人教版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修三：Unit 3 Environmental Protection Section B Learning about Language 教案

1、Unit 3 Environmental ProtectionSection B Learning about Language教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)科目：英語(yǔ) 課題：Section B Learning about Language 課時(shí)：1課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)：知識(shí)目標(biāo)：掌握直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。能力目標(biāo)：能夠熟練運(yùn)用直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)。情感目標(biāo)：培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的興趣。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：能夠熟練運(yùn)用直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的興趣。課前準(zhǔn)備：多媒體，黑板，粉筆教學(xué)過(guò)程：一、Pre-class1. Greeting2. Leading-in學(xué)生活動(dòng)：學(xué)生兩人一組，瀏覽活動(dòng)1的任務(wù)要

2、求和表格內(nèi)容。教師通過(guò)提問(wèn)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的不同之處。What are different between the two sentences？Please circle them.How does the punctuation change in each sentence？How does the tense change in each sentence？Why should we change the verbs sometimes？In what situations should we use the indirect speech？Direct SpeechInd

3、irect Speech1The expert said, "From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died."The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.2The reporter asked, "Will polar bears die out because of climate change?&

4、quot;The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3The reporter asked, "How can we save polar bears from extinction?"The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.4"Let's work together to stop climate change," the expert sa

5、id.The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change活動(dòng)目的：二、 While-class 教師活動(dòng)：對(duì)學(xué)生的總結(jié)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)如果改為間接引語(yǔ)，須在連接詞、人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、狀語(yǔ)、個(gè)別指示代詞和動(dòng)詞等方面做相應(yīng)的變化。1連接詞的選擇(1)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，常變成由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。在口語(yǔ)中that可以省略。The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”小男孩說(shuō)：“

6、我在玩我的玩具，這時(shí)有人敲門(mén)。”(直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句)The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩說(shuō)，他在玩他的玩具，那時(shí)有人敲門(mén)。(間接引語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)(2)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句或反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中用whether(.or.或.or not)或if引導(dǎo)。Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”媽媽對(duì)她的女兒說(shuō)：“你對(duì)你的新房間滿(mǎn)意嗎？”

7、(直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句)Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.媽媽問(wèn)她女兒是否對(duì)她的新房間滿(mǎn)意。(間接引語(yǔ)改為whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)(3)直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)仍用原句中的特殊疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，其余的變化遵照直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則來(lái)進(jìn)行。“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.他說(shuō)：“什么時(shí)候舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)？”(直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句)He asked when the sports meet would be he

8、ld.他問(wèn)什么時(shí)候舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。(間接引語(yǔ)改為由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)【注意】(1)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)，若變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“said to sb.”常改為told sb.。(2)直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是said，則將其改為asked。(3)疑問(wèn)句的直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變成陳述語(yǔ)序。即學(xué)即練1將直接引語(yǔ)變換為間接引語(yǔ)The patient asked，“Is Dr.Li at the hospital？”The patient asked whether/if Dr.Li was at the hospital.“Who lost the key to

9、the room？”asked Miss Green.Miss Green asked who had lost the key to the room.2人稱(chēng)的變化(記憶口訣)一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱(chēng)不更新。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人立場(chǎng)的變化作相應(yīng)的改變。(1)“一隨主”。指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)修飾。從句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)變化。Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”瑪麗說(shuō)，“我想擁有一臺(tái)我自己的電腦?！盡ary said that she wanted to h

10、ave a computer of her own.瑪麗說(shuō)她想擁有一臺(tái)自己的電腦。(2)“二隨賓”。指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)或被第二人稱(chēng)修飾，從句中的人稱(chēng)要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事對(duì)她說(shuō)，“你向誰(shuí)請(qǐng)了假？”Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事問(wèn)她向誰(shuí)請(qǐng)了假。(3)“第三人稱(chēng)不更新”。指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)或被第三人稱(chēng)修飾，從句中的人

11、稱(chēng)一般不需要變化。The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”工人們說(shuō)：“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)常讓工人們加班?！盩he workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.工人們說(shuō)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)常讓工人們加班。即學(xué)即練2將直接引語(yǔ)變換為間接引語(yǔ)John said，“Tomorrow I'm going to attend this party.”John said (that) the next day he was goi

12、ng to attend this party.She said，“I worked in Shanghai three years ago.”She said (that) she had worked in Shanghai three years before.3時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)句子時(shí)態(tài)變化如下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)句子時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友對(duì)他說(shuō)：“我們計(jì)劃

13、去野餐?！?直接引語(yǔ)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告訴他說(shuō)，他們計(jì)劃去野餐。(間接引語(yǔ)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”組織者說(shuō)：“我們已開(kāi)始了我們的計(jì)劃?！?直接引語(yǔ)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))The organizer said that they had begun their plan.組織者說(shuō)，他們已開(kāi)始了他們的計(jì)劃。(間接引語(yǔ)為過(guò)去完成時(shí))【注意】直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不發(fā)生變化的情況：(1)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀(guān)真理

14、、諺語(yǔ)和格言時(shí)；(2)直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去的某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變；(3)主句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。即學(xué)即練3將直接引語(yǔ)變換為間接引語(yǔ)My mother said，“The door isn't locked.”My mother said that the door wasn't lockedThe patient said，“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease.”The patient said (that) the doctors had discussed the myste

15、rious disease.Tom said，“I am reading in my room.”Tom said that he was reading in his room.4指示詞、狀語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞的變化指示代詞thisthatthesethose時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next(following)daylast month(week)the month(week)beforenext month(week)the next month(week)the day

16、beforeyesterdaytwo days before地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞comegobringtake5.當(dāng)祈使句作直接引語(yǔ)表示要求和命令時(shí)，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)常采用ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.的形式。“Follow his instructions，”she said to me.She told me to follow his instructions.她告訴我要聽(tīng)他的指令。6若直接引語(yǔ)中祈使句是否定形式，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to前要加not或never。She said，“Don't make so much noise，childr

17、en！”She told the children not to make so much noise.她告訴孩子們不要制造這么多噪音。7當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為表示建議、提議的祈使句或表示請(qǐng)求、提議、勸告、建議的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，多采用“suggestdoing/that從句(如suggest后接that從句時(shí)，從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should動(dòng)詞原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb.to do”等結(jié)構(gòu)。Jack said，“Let's go to the cinema tonight.”Jack suggested that we should go

18、to the cinema that night.Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.那天晚上杰克建議我們?nèi)タ措娪啊?如果直接引語(yǔ)部分是感嘆句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以用該感嘆句的感嘆詞(即what或how)引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。She said，“What a lovely day it is！”She said what a lovely day it was.她說(shuō)天氣不錯(cuò)。9若直接引語(yǔ)中的一般疑問(wèn)句是由表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的would，could等構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用asked?！癈an you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.他問(wèn)我是否能借給他兩元錢(qián)。學(xué)生活動(dòng)：（1）閱讀活動(dòng)3的表格內(nèi)容和 EXAMPLE中的句子，對(duì)表格中的四個(gè)例句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。（2）學(xué)生四人一組，互相調(diào)查組員在環(huán)保方面的實(shí)際行動(dòng)，記錄他們提出的改善環(huán)境建議，并根據(jù)活動(dòng)3的示例設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)相似的表格，整理歸納每個(gè)人的信息。教師可以基于主閱讀語(yǔ)篇的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行話(huà)題延伸，讓學(xué)生使用該語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目回答問(wèn)題：“What can we do to help？”。此外，教師還可以讓學(xué)生回顧閱讀課