初中英語非謂語動詞的總結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、 初 中 英 語 非 謂 語 動 詞 總 結(jié) 及 練 習(xí)非謂語動詞的總結(jié) 非謂語動詞有帶to不定式，省to不定式，動詞ing形式（動名詞或叫現(xiàn)在分詞），動詞的過去分詞。至于用動詞的什么形式，要受句子含義及前面動詞的制約，我們把相同規(guī)律的放在一起，有助于學(xué)生記憶并理解他們在句子中所做的成分。一、關(guān)于動詞不定式（to+動詞）（一）動詞不定式在句中做前一個動詞的賓語。或者說能夠直接接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有很多，我們要讓學(xué)生對這些動詞敏感，看到這些詞我們應(yīng)該想到下面的形式，所以我整理了比較具體的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。（這些接動詞不定式的動詞均為及物動詞）：記住下列形式：（僅限于初中范疇）1. want to d

2、o想要 2. .would like to do想要做3. hope to do希望做 4.wish to do希望做5. decide to do決定做 6.plan do計劃做7. refuse to do拒絕做 8.fail to do做某事失敗9. manage to do設(shè)法做 10.agree to do同意做11. learn to do學(xué)會做 12. happen to do偶然發(fā)生13. need to do需要做 14. pretend to do假裝做15. offer to do提供做 16. promise to do允許做17. attempt to do企圖做 1

3、8. .be sure to do確定做19. seem to do似乎要發(fā)生 20. expect to do期待做21. trydo ones best to do盡力做 22. cant wait to do 迫不及待做23.cant afford to do 負擔(dān)不起做（二）動詞不定式在句中作賓語補足語。我們對能夠接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞應(yīng)該有清醒的認識。下面結(jié)構(gòu)有利于學(xué)生掌握：1.want sb to do想讓某人做 2.would like sb to do想讓某人做3.wish sb to do希望某人做（不能用hope） 4.agree sb to do 同意某人做5.a

4、sk sb( not )to do讓某人（不）做 6.tell sb to do告訴某人做7.allow sb to do允許某人做 8.advise sb to do建議某人做9.encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做 10.expect sb to do期待某人做11.warn sb to do警告某人做 12.invite sb to do邀請某人做13.teach sb to do教會某人做（三）接省to不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有：（使役動詞）1.make sb do 使某人做 2.let sb.do讓某人做3.have sb do使某人做 4.help sb do to do

5、幫助某人做（四）、動詞不定式在句中作主語動詞不定式作主語時，往往用it作形式主語，而真正的主語移到句末。1.Its+adj+for(of) +sb +to do sth對某人來說做某事怎么樣l Adj修飾文中的事情既to do sth時，人前的介詞用for ；l 但是如果Adj修飾文中的人既sb時，人前面的介詞用of如：Its hard for me to learn english well.hard 是修飾動詞不定式to learn english well，意為學(xué)好英語難，所以用的介詞是for sbIts kind of you to help mekind“善良的”修飾you(人) 意

6、為你善良，所以介詞用of sb2.It take適當形式 sb some time to do sth英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)為花費 某人 時間 做某事譯為：做某事花了某人多少時間。3.Its time to do sth該做某事（五）動詞不定式在句中作表語。1、sbs job is to do sth. 某人的工作是做什么。2、sbs plan is to do sth. 某人的計劃是做什么。3、sbs dream is to do sth. 某人的夢想是干什么。4、sbs hope is to do sth. 某人的希望是做什么。5、sbs wish is to do sth. 某人的愿望是干什么。6

7、、sbs task is to do sth. 某人的任務(wù)是做什么。7、The impirtant thing is to finish the work on time.最重要的事是按時完成工作。（六）動詞不定式在句中作定語。動詞不定式在句中作定語時一般都要放在所修飾名詞或代詞的后面。1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一個機會2、the way to do sth 做某事的辦法3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳時間4、something to eat 一些吃的東西5、something to drink 一些喝的東西6、a lot of work

8、 to do 許多要做的工作（七）疑問詞+動詞不定式，在英語句法中叫做疑問詞短語，它可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語。常用到的疑問詞短語舉例有：What to do 做什么,when to go 什么時候走, where to go 去哪里，how to do it 如何來做此事，1、作主語 Where to go is a problem.去哪里還是個問題。2、作賓語 I dont know how to use the computer.我不知道如何使用電腦。3、作表語 The problem is what to do next.問題是下一步干什么。4、作賓語補足語 Can you

9、 tell me when to start tomorrow?你能告訴我明天什么時候出發(fā)嗎？二、動詞ing形式。動詞ing 形式為動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞時（一）動名詞在句中可做賓語。能夠接動名詞做賓語的動詞有如下：1.enjoy doing喜歡做 2.practice doing練習(xí)做3.finish doing做完某事 4.mind sbs doing介意某人做5.consider doing考慮做 6.continue doing繼續(xù)做7.keep sb doing讓某人一直做 8.miss doing錯過做9.avoid doing避免做 10.spend(in)doing 花費時間或金錢做

10、某事11.feel like doing想要做 12.give up doing放棄做13.suggest doing建議做 14.advise doing建議做 15.介詞后如接動詞一律為ing 形式，為介詞賓語，簡稱介賓。特別注意的幾個介詞習(xí)慣于做be/get used to doing 堅持做stick to doing為做某事做出貢獻make a contribution to doing期盼做某事 look forword to doing 注意做pay attention to doing（二）動名詞在句中作賓語補足語1、keep sb doing sth 讓某人一直做某事2、he

11、ar/ see/ watch/ notice/ find sb doing sth 按順序的翻譯為：聽見、看見、注視、注意到、發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事（此處的ing形式為現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補） （三）動名詞在句中作表語 （四）動名詞在句中作賓補（五）由動詞ing形式構(gòu)成的句型。1.be busy doing忙著做某事 2.be worth doing值得做3.cant help doing忍不住做 4.cant stand doing不能忍受做某事5.have trouble doing sth伴隨狀語have problems/difficulties doing做某事有問題/麻煩/困難6.有某人/某物

12、正在做某事There be sb/sth doing sth7.當發(fā)生某事時when/while+doing8.have fun doing做某事過得開心10.what/how about doing sth?做某事怎么樣？11.No+動名詞表示禁令No smoking禁止吸煙No parking禁止停車12.go+動名詞去進行某種活動或運動go shopping,去購物；go skating,去滑冰；go hiking去遠足13.do some/the+動名詞，指進行某種活動do some cleaning,搞衛(wèi)生；do some washing 洗衣服；三、有些動詞既可以接動詞不定式也可以

13、接動名詞，但意義不同，學(xué)生應(yīng)該注意區(qū)分使用。1.stop to do停下來去做.(做什么事) 2.stop doing停止做（停止做）3.forget to do忘記做（還沒做）4. forget doing忘記做過（做過了）5.remember to do記住去做 6. remember doing記住做過了7.try to do試圖努力做 8.try doing實驗做9.go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事 10.go on to do繼續(xù)做另一件事11.like/hate to do喜歡/討厭做 （表具體，一次性的動作）12.like/hatedoing喜歡/討厭做 （習(xí)慣經(jīng)常性）四.感

14、官動詞接非謂語動詞形式.接動詞ing，表示此動作正在發(fā)生.接省to不定式表示此動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或發(fā)生過了1. see sb doing 看見某人正在做 see sb do看見某人經(jīng)常做2. hear sb doing聽見某人正在做 hear sb do經(jīng)常聽見某人做3. find sb doing發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做 find sb do發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做了/正在做五、有些動詞的用法有多樣性，單獨記憶（一）有些動詞接動詞作賓語時接動詞ing形式，但接動詞作賓語補足語時接不定式：1、advise建議、建議做某事為advise doing sth、建議某人做某事為advise sb to do sth、be all

15、owed to do被允許做2、allow允許、允許做某事為 allow doing sth、允許某人做某事 allow sb to do sth（二）有些動詞具有不同的詞義時，用法不同。1、have有，使have sth to do有某事做have sb do sth使某人做某事have sth done使某事被做，又譯為“讓某人來做某事”，相當于ask someone to do sth 這里的someone 不具體指出是何人。2、need需要，必須(既可以做實義動詞，也可做情態(tài)動詞)sb need to do某人（做主語）需要做某事sth need doing某事（做主語）需要被做被做如

16、：He needs to buy a pen。The bike needs repairing含被動之意，相當于 The bike needs to be repaired。You neednt(不必)come。這里need為情態(tài)動詞。3、dare 敢(既可以做實義動詞，也可做情態(tài)動詞)sb dont dare to do某人不敢做某事sth darent do某人不敢做某事六、動詞過去分詞作后置定語，有被動之意。1、一個叫的（人，地名）a boy called/named Jim a place called Liaoninga place called Dayushu2、 某人寫的書 a

17、book written by初中英語非謂語動詞練習(xí)題一根據(jù)句意，用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. Is it necessary _(learn) a foreign language? 2. He is good at _(swim).3. Do you have anything _(say) for yourself?4. Its spring now. its time _(plant) trees.5. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not _(play) in the stre

18、et.7. Her son is too young _(dress) himself. 8. Lets _(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _(understand).10. The little boy is not old enough_(read).11. I asked him _(show) me his new pen.12. Knives are used for _(cut) things.13. I really dont know what _(do) next.14. I of

19、ten hear people _(say) “_(see) is_(believe)”.15. Youd better _(try) this medicine.16. They said they had nothing _(worry) about.17. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?18. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.19. _(tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20

20、. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully.21. Thank you very much for _(help) us.22. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.23. Would you like _(climb) the mountain with me?24. The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.25.We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.26

21、. What about _(go) out for a walk?II選擇填空。（ ）1.Would you please _ the door for me? A. holding B. not to hold C. hold D. held（ ）2.Seeing an old man getting off the train, she hurried over _ things for him. A carrying B. to carry C. carried D. for carrying（ ）3.Wed really like you _ to the party tonight

22、. A.come B. to come C. will come D. should come（ ）4.We can do nothing but _ the experiment. A.to repeat B. repeat C. repeating D. repeated（ ）5.Have you got any thing _ about this matter? A.saying B. to say C. said D. say（ ）6.He was not _ try it again. A. such a fool as to B. so a fool as to C. a foo

23、l such as to D. a fool so as to（ ）7.He was too excited _. A. to go to sleeping B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep（ ）8.We cant have him _ like that all day. A.to work B. working C. to be worked D. work（ ）9.She were often heard _ this song when she was happy. A. sang B. singing C. sung D.

24、 to be singing（ ）10.The train was seen _ at a very high speed toward the industrial center. A.travel B. travels C. traveled D. traveling（ ）11.Well soon have a person _ with us. A. to work B. working C. worked D. works（ ）12._ has not been decided yet. A.To start when B. Why to start C. When to start

25、D. Start to where（ ）13. Do you think it difficult _? A. for me to do so B. for my to do so C. for I to do so D. for me doing so（ ）14. She keeps telling us _. A. what to do B. doing what C. what is doing D. do what（ ）15. _ is not known. A. Whom to begin the running test B. When to begin the running t

26、est C. When the running test begin D. How begin to the running test（ ）16. _ the job alone is impossible. A.To him to do B. For him doing C. For him to do D. For he to do （ ）17. _ it should be made clear. A What to do B. Why to do C. Whom to do D. When can do（ ）18.Our house needs _ before the rainy s

27、eason arrives. A. to repair B. to be repair C. repaired D. repairing（ ）19.I havent decided which hotel _. A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for staying（ ）20.I was almost asleep when I heard someone _ at the door. A. knock B. to knock C. knocked D. being knocked（ ）21.I often spent much

28、money _ books. A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. for buying（ ）22.If you practice _ English whenever you can, you will soon speak well. A. talking B. going speak C. speaking D. to speak（ ）23.We are tired of _ the same problem all the time. A. discussing B. to discuss C. discussing for D. discuss（ ）

29、24.She usually forgets _ the door, but she remembered _ it yesterday. A.to shutto shut B. shuttingshutting C. to shutshutting D. shuttingto shut（ ）25.I _ a bus to school when it was raining.a. am used to take b. used to taking c. use to take d. was used to taking（ ）26. Im thirsty. Will you get me so

30、mething _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating（ ）27. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had（ ）28. Lily, keep the window _. The sandstorm hasnt stopped yet. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened（ ）29. A policeman saw two thieves _ a girls mobile phone on a bu

31、s and he caught them at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen（ ）30. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played（ ）31. They were made _ fourteen hours a day. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work（ ）32. Is it always easier _ friends than t

32、o keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made（ ）33. He stood there for two hours _ the game. A. watched B. watching C. is watching D. was watching（ ）34. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday. A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working o

33、ut（ ）35. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned（ ）36. Who do you think youd like _? A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with（ ）37. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat

34、 D. not to eat（ ）38. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday? -This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done（ ）39. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning. A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with（ ）40. -Excuse me, sir. Look at

35、 the sign on the wall “NO _”. -Oh, Im sorry. Ill never do it again. A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED（ ）41. -Boys and girls, will you please _ the park this afternoon? -OK. A. not cleaning out B. not to clean out C. to clean up D. clean up（ ）42. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _

36、the earth away. A. blow B. blowing C. blew D. to blow（ ）43. How about _? A. to go out for a walk B. go swimming in the river C. visiting the sick children in the hospital D. to having lunch in the restaurant（ ）44. Its very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag. A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C

37、. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry（ ）45. Have you decided _? A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to go（ ）46. Her hope _ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games. A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win（ ）47. The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people. A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds（ ）48. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelon C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with（ ）49. It is better to teach a man to fis