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1、介詞一概念:介詞用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞與句中其他詞的關(guān)系,介詞是虛詞,不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分介詞短語(yǔ)能夠充當(dāng)句子成分, 介詞短語(yǔ) = 介詞+介詞賓語(yǔ)名詞、賓格代詞、動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)介詞的作用介詞表地點(diǎn)、位置、方向的介詞above, around, at, behind, between, by, down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, towards, 表時(shí)間的介詞by, in, on ,over, with其他介詞like, with, without, from, next, to
2、二、常用1、in 在.之內(nèi)1) 表示地點(diǎn),表示大地點(diǎn)。 Shes in China with her mom and dad. 2)表示時(shí)間,表示在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)The weather is cold in winter. 3) 表示顏色和語(yǔ)言也用介詞in。Do you know the girl in red? I can write this article in English. 2、from 從.中來(lái)1) come from I come from China and Im Chinese. 2) download from I download music from the Inte
3、rnet. 3) be different from Lilys habits are different from Lindas. 3. with 和,用,與1) with sb 和.人在一起 Im in Class One with Daming and Lingling. 2with sth. 表示用某種工具 I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes. 4. at 在. 1) 表地點(diǎn),主小地點(diǎn)。 My father is a teacher at Beijing International School.2) 表時(shí)間,主指時(shí)間的一個(gè)點(diǎn)。 I
4、get up at half past seven in the morning. 3) be good at 擅長(zhǎng)于. Iam good at reading and writing.5. behind 在.后面 The classrooms are behind the offices.6. next to 緊挨著 The library is next to the classrooms.7. in front of 在.前面 They are in front of Tony and Daming. 8. for 為了.,因?yàn)椤?Thank you for your email.9.
5、on 在.上,在.時(shí)1 表示時(shí)間,表示具體的一天。 Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday?2 表示地點(diǎn) on the farm on the playground 10. to 自,向1talk to 與.談?wù)?We have a break and I talk to my friends. 2) go to 去 He likes films and he often goes to the cinema. 3welcome to 歡迎到. Welcome to Beijing Zoo. 4listen to 聽 They al
6、ways listen to music.5connect.to .和.連接一起 Please connect the monitor to the computer first. 三、常用的介詞的區(qū)別: in, to, on在方位名詞前的區(qū)別 1. in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi), 如 Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范圍之外有距離,如:Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰, 如: North Korea is on the east of China. . at,
7、in, on, by在表示時(shí)間上的區(qū)別 1. at指時(shí)間表示: 1時(shí)間的點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。They came home at noon at sunrise, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak. 2較短暫的一段時(shí)間??芍改硞€(gè)節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的日子。 He went home at New Year at Christmas, at the Spring Festival. 2. in指時(shí)間表示: 1在某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間如世紀(jì)、年、月、季節(jié)以及泛指的上午、下午或黃昏等內(nèi)。in 2004, in March, in spring, in the mo
8、rning, in the evening 2在一段時(shí)間之后。一般用于將來(lái)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,意為“在以后。 He will arrive in two hours. 3謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),in意為“在以內(nèi)。These products will be made in a month. 3. on指時(shí)間表示: 1具體的時(shí)日和一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間,如某日、節(jié)日、星期幾等,On Christmas Day there will be a party. 2在某個(gè)特定的早晨、下午或晚上。He arrived at 8oclock on the night of Friday. 3準(zhǔn)時(shí),按時(shí)。If
9、 the train can be on time, I should get home before dark. 4. by指時(shí)間表示: 1不遲于,在某時(shí)前。 如: He will come by six oclock. 2在間,在的時(shí)候。 如: He worked by day and studied by night. . near, by, beside, at表示“在附近時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. near表示相對(duì)的近,實(shí)際距離可能還很遠(yuǎn)。 Suzhou is near Shanghai. 2. by和beside都表示靠近,實(shí)際距離不很遠(yuǎn),但beside比by更具體地表示出“在旁邊的意思。 H
10、e was sitting beside her. He is walking by the river.3. at也有“在旁邊的意思,但多表示有目的的行為所處的位置,而by和beside僅表示位置關(guān)系。 如: The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher. Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music. . at, in和on表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. at表示地點(diǎn): 1用于指較小的地方。 arrive at,接小地方
11、I will wait for you at the station.2用于門牌號(hào)碼前。 He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road. 2. in表示地點(diǎn):arrive in 接較大地方 He lives in Shanghai. 3. on表示地點(diǎn),一般指與面或線接觸,意為“在上;在旁。 The picture was hanging on the wall. . besides, except, but表示“除外之間的區(qū)別 1. besides表示“除了以外,還有,具有附加性質(zhì)。如: Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the fi
12、lm. 注意:besides用于否認(rèn)句中時(shí),與except, but同義,可互換。如: We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外,具有排它性質(zhì)。如: We all went to see the film except xiaoming.王先生沒(méi)去 3. but意為“除了,與except同義,except強(qiáng)調(diào)被排除的局部,but那么強(qiáng)調(diào)整句的內(nèi)容,常修飾否認(rèn)意義的代詞。Nobody knew it but me. above, over, on, up表示“在上之間的區(qū)別 1. above指“上方,表示相對(duì)高度,
13、不一定在正上方,其反義詞為below。 Were flying above the clouds. 2. over指“在正上方,表示垂直上方,其反義詞為under。 The bridge is over the river. 3. on表示“在上面,與物體外表接觸,與beneath相對(duì)。 There is a map on the wall. 4. up表示動(dòng)作的方向往上,反義詞為down。如: Please stand up with, from, for, at表示原因的區(qū)別 1. with表示原因,指由于外界而影響到內(nèi)部,意為“因?yàn)?;由于?The little girl was shi
14、vering with cold. 2. from表示動(dòng)機(jī)、疲勞、痛苦等原因。 She did it from a sense of duty. 3. for常表示為了某一目的、事業(yè)的原因。 I do apologize for keeping you waiting. 4. at表示原因,指“聽到;看到;想到等。 At the news they felt very glad. for和of的用法區(qū)別試比較:It's impossible for me to watch TV after eleven o'clock. It's kind of you to help
15、 me. 兩句中介詞的選擇依據(jù)其前形容詞而定,一般來(lái)說(shuō),of之前的形容詞往往是用于描寫人的品質(zhì)的好壞,人自身的特點(diǎn),如聰明與否,細(xì)心與粗心等;for之前的形容詞用于描寫事物的特點(diǎn),如可能性,必然性,難易程度等。 by,with,in的用法區(qū)別by表示"以.的方式,方法,手段" 和 "乘某種交通工具";with指"借助于具體的手段或工具";in 表示"以.方式,用語(yǔ)言,文字等媒介"。I solved the problem by this way. I cut the apple with a knife. He s
16、peaks with us in English. after和 in 的用法區(qū)別這兩個(gè)介詞都可以表示時(shí)間"在以后"的意思。其區(qū)別是:after 以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn),表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間之后,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子;in 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間以后,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子。I went home after 10 o'clock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes.小試牛刀:一:用by, beside, near, beyond填空1. The little girl is sitting _ her mothe
17、r.2. There is a white car _ our school.3. Many shops are _ our home.4. _ our city there is a river. 二:1. The post office is _ the police station and the library.A. between B. among C. in2. I cant finish my work _ your help.A. with B. without C. in3. Thank you _ _ me to have dinner.A. for invite B. o
18、f invite C. for inviting4. Why are you standing, Alice? -I cant see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _ me.A. behind B. next to C. in front of5. If you do things _, usually you cant do them well.A. in a hurry B. from now on C. just now6. What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _ wa
19、tching TV in the hotel.A. because of B. instead of C. together with7. Your coat looks very nice. Whats it made _?- Cotton, and it is made _ Wuhan.A. from, in B. of, in C. from, on8. -When and where you born?-I was born _ October 1st, 1998 _ Suzhou.A. on, on B. in, in C. on, in9. There will be many r
20、obots _ peoples homes _ ten years.A. in, / B. in, in C. in, after10. All the workers went home yesterday _ Mr White. Why?-Because he was on duty.A. except B. besides C. except for11. Its very kind _ them to pick me up at the railway station and drive me home.A. for B. to C. of12. A UFO landed _ the
21、Center Street.A. at B. on C. in13. _ the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from _ back home. A. During, going B. In, go C. On, goes24. Think it over _ you write the answer.A. before B. after C. on答案:一:1. by, 2. beside, 3. near, 4. beyond 二:1.A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5A 6. B 7B 8 C 9 C 10A
22、11 C 12 B 13. A 14. A勤加磨練:1. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work.A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with
23、;D. with, in2. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.to C.at
24、;D.as3 .I don' t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics.A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at4. N
25、obody knows it _ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but5. The window is never opened _ in summer. A.&
26、#160;but B. except C. except for D. but for6. We go to school _ a bike. A.in B.on C.by
27、0; D.ove7. It's very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of8. Fresh air
28、 is good _ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to9.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hosp
29、ital to wait _ their sick mother.A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on10.The PLA man saved the boy _ death. A. of
30、60; B.from C.to D.on11. He will come _ three days. A.before B.after C.
31、160;in D. later12 He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.A. in B. before C. later&
32、#160; D. after13. He will return_ three o'clock. A.after B.in C.on D.at14 He wro
33、te the article _ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by15 I agree _ what you said. A.to &
34、#160; B.on C.with D.at16. Do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)? A.at B.with C.on D.to17. Fi
35、nally they agreed _ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at18. Do you often hear_ your brother? A. of B.
36、0;from C. out of D. about19.1 heard _ the book long ago, but I have never read it. A. out B.from
37、160; C.of D.with20. The plane flew _ the city. A. across
38、160; B.past C. through D.over21. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. across
39、; B. through C.by D.past22.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor
40、's shop.A. across B. through C.by D.past23. Our bus drove _ the Great Hall of the People.A. across B. through C.
41、 past D.over24. _ the sun, nothing would grow. For B.With C. Under D. Without25. The teacher is busy _ teachi
42、ng.A.with B.for C.on D.of26. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers.A
43、. for B.in C.on D.of27. We left Xi' an _._ a
44、0;very hot summer afternoon.A. on B.in C. during D.by28. His tea
45、cher was angry _ him _ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about29. My father
46、0;was disappointed _ the news. A. by B. about C. at D. o30. Mr Wang went to Nanjing
47、;_ October,1998 and came back home _ the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from31 .My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe
48、0;Street. His room is _ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to32. I don't think you can work out the maths problem&
49、#160;_ the teacher's help.A. since B. unless C. because D. without33. - Do you go there _ bus? - No, we go there
50、160;_ a train.A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with34. The trees _ front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li.A. in;&
51、#160;in B. at; in C. in; by D. from; in35. The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A. from; at
52、 B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during36. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French?A. except B. but C. besides &
53、#160;D. beside37. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -_1982.A. After B.In C.From D.Since38. Did you have
54、;any trouble _ the post office?A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding39.To
55、160;tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it.A.about B.with C.for D.of40. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A. in
56、160; B.at C.to D.on41 His father will be back from London _ a few days.A.since B.in
57、0; C.on D.after42 .The word "write" has the same pronunciation _ the word "right".關(guān)系代詞A. of B.as
58、 C.to D.from43. The train leaves _ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.A. at; until(延續(xù))
59、160; B. for; after C.at;by瞬間 D. before; around44. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till45. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. inD. besides1-5DDCDB6-10BCBAB11-15CD
60、ABC16-20DABCD21-25ABCDA26-30B ADCC31-35ADCCA 36-40CC DDD 41-45BBCBBC 應(yīng)到43答案有誤 初中英語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ) 供學(xué)習(xí)參考1)at once 立刻 2)at last 最后 3)at first 起先,首先 4)at the age of 在歲時(shí) 5)at the end of 在之末 6)at the beginning of 在之初 7)at the foot of 在腳下 8)at the same time 同時(shí) 9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10)with one
61、's help 在某人的幫助下,由于某人的幫助 11)with the help of 在的幫助下 12)with a smile 面帶笑容 13)with one's own eyes 親眼看見 14)after a while 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒 15)from now on 從現(xiàn)在起 16)from then on 從那時(shí)起 17)far example 例如 18)far away from 遠(yuǎn)離 19)from morning till night 從早到晚 20)by and by 不久 21)by air mail 寄航空郵件 22)by bike/air/train/b
62、us 騎自行車/乘飛機(jī)/火車/汽車 23)by ordinary mail 寄平信 24)by the way 順便說(shuō) 25)by the window 在窗邊 26)by the end of 到底為止 27)little by little 逐漸地 28)in all 總共 29)in fact 事實(shí)上 30)in one's twenties 在某人二十幾歲時(shí) 31)in a hurry 匆忙 32)in the middle of 在中間 33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快 34)in time (on time) 及時(shí) 35)in public
63、 公眾,公開地 36)in order to 為了 37)in front of 在前面 38)in the sun 在陽(yáng)光下 39)in the end 最后,終于 40)in surprise 驚奇地 41)in turn 依次 42)of course 當(dāng)然 43)a bit (of) 有一點(diǎn)兒 44)a lot of 許多 45)a little 一點(diǎn)兒 46)on one's way to 某人在去的路上 47)on foot 步行,走路 48)a talk on space 一個(gè)關(guān)于太空的報(bào)告 49)on the other hand 另一方面 50)at/on the w
64、eekend 在周末 51)on the left (right) 在左(右)邊 52)on the other side of 在另一邊 53)on the radio 通過(guò)收音機(jī)(無(wú)線電播送) 54)to one's joy 使快樂(lè)的是 55)to one's surprise 使驚訝的是 介詞和各類詞搭配構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ) 1.介詞與動(dòng)詞搭配 arrive inat 到達(dá) ask for 要,請(qǐng)求do well in 在方面做得好give in 投降go on 繼續(xù) hear from 收到來(lái)信 hear of 聽說(shuō)help's B.with sth. 幫助做laug
65、h at 嘲笑 learn from 向?qū)W習(xí)talk to與談話 take down 拿下,取了look at 有意識(shí)地看 speak to 對(duì)某人 take away 拿走,帶走think of 考慮,關(guān)心 wait for 等候,等待turn onoff 翻開關(guān)上listen to 聽 look after 照顧,照看 look for 尋找 look like 看上去像get to 到達(dá) fill with 充滿,裝滿 begin with 以開始meet with 偶爾遇見,遭遇pass on 傳遞 belong to 屬于write to 寫信給call on 號(hào)召,訪問(wèn),邀請(qǐng)smile at 向微笑 look out 向四下看,到處看 2.介詞與名詞搭配 in time 及時(shí) in life 一生中 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
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