初三--定語從句-賓語從句

1、第十一講 定語從句&賓語從句一、定義：  在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao

2、once lived.The man who lives next to us is a policeman. You must do everything that I do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1 2、 3、二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Cla

3、ss One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most b

4、oys. ( which 在句子中做 ) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做 )4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中

5、做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like

6、 the book is yellow?三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞：when與where、why、在從句中作狀語。先行詞指時(shí)間when = in / at / on / during whichI will never forget the days when/on which we stayed in the summer holiday.I will never forget the days that we spent in the summer holiday先行詞指地點(diǎn)where = in / at / from / whichThe factory where/in whi

7、ch we worked 3 years ago is missing now.The factory that /which we visited 3 years ago is missing now.先行詞指原因why = for which The reason why/for which you didnt come to school is funny.The reason which/that you explained me is unbelievable. 【總結(jié)】：一、 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可作主語、賓語、定語等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichth

8、at賓語whomwhowhichthat定語whoseof whomwhoseof which1.This is the doctor who came from London.2.The book whichthat I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.4. This is the room thatwhich Shakespeare was born in.二、使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 只能用that的情況：1如果先行詞是all， anything， s

9、omething， nothing， everything， little， none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：All that are present burst into tears.2如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that， 不用which。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如： He is the

10、only foreigner that has been to that place.  4先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second person that told me the secret. 5先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.二which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或局部概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思與and

11、this相似。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.三“介詞關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，關(guān)系代詞常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。 例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attenti

12、on to， take care of等固定短語動(dòng)詞，在定語從句中一般不將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.一、 典型例題 ( )1、 -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom( )2、The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D

13、. who； was( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic _actors are very famous?A who B whose C that D whom( )4、Ann asked the policeman _he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A with him B with whom C who D whom( )5、A child _parents are dead is called an orphan.A which B his C whose D with( )

14、6、This is the reason _ he told me.A、that B、why C、on which D、for that( )7、Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose ( )8、This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom ( )9、Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengz

15、hou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what ( )10、Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which【中考范例】1. (2004年哈爾濱)  -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?  -Yes, he does.&#

16、160; A. which  B. whose  C. where  D. who 2. (2004年常州市)  The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.  A. who  B. where  C. what  D. that 3. (2004年揚(yáng)州市)  -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?  -He has gone ba

17、ck to Qinghua University.  A. whom  B. who  C. whose  D. which 4. (2004年益陽市) I hate people _ talk much but do little.  A. whose  B. whom  C. which  D. who5. (2021 河北) This is the dictionary _ Mum give me for my birthday.A. which B. what C. whose D. whom6.

18、 (2021 廣東) I have bought the camera _ was advertised on TV.A. what B. why C. which D. who7. (2021哈爾濱) If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hand.A. Which B. / C. whom D. who 8.(2021福州) - Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?- She is my little sister.A

19、. who B. whom C. whose D. which9.(2021河南) Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what10.(2021吉林) This is the question _ we are talking about now.A. that B. who C. where D. when11.(2021紹興) Even teachers cant understand

20、some expressions _ their students use in daily life.A. whose B. who C. that D. whom12.(2021 襄樊|) I like writers _ write about stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who13.(2021 遼寧) That is the man _ saved ten children in the earthquake.A. who B. which C. where D. what14.(2021 宜昌) - What do you think of

21、 the book A Haw Tree was written by a woman writer? A. when B. that C. who D. where三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.

22、 He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I j

23、oined the League.11. Do you know the lady _ is standing under the tree?12. The boy _ gave me the raincoat just now is my brother.13. This is the girl _ friends often come to see me.14. I live in the building _ is very near here.15. She is not like the girl _ she used to be.16. Any student _ finishes

24、 his test early should check his paper.17. On Mei Meis way home she saw the person _ her teacher always spoke of.18. He laughs best _ laughs last.19. All _ you have to do is to study hard.20. I like my hometown _ I was born.四、課后練習(xí) ( )1. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games.A. where B.

25、that C. which D. what( )2. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A. that B. when C. where( )3. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend.A. when B. which C. who( )4. I like writers _ write short stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who( )5. This is the question _ we are tal

26、king about now. A. that B. who C. where D. when( )6. What are you looking for? I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose( )7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you.A. who B. which C. whom ( )8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it mu

27、st belong to someone _ works hard.A. which B. / C. whom D. who( )9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics.A. which B. who C. where D. whom( )10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom( )11. The bridge _ a bi

28、g ship can go has been built. A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which ( )12. The book _ is torn is mine. A. the cover of which B. the cover of that C. which the cover D. whose cover of ( )13. He talked about the classmates and the school _ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. abou

29、t which ( )14. You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which ( )15. We should do all _ is useful to people. A. / B. that C. it D. which ( )16. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which ( )17.

30、Those _ finished doing it put up your hands. A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have ( )19. The man _ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )20. I went to the school _ my father once worked. A.

31、 that B. which C. where D. on which ( )21. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who ( )22. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A. what B. w

32、hich C. that D. it ( )23. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which ( )24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ , of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. this D. what ( )25. Have you seen the fi

33、lm "Titanic", _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B. it's C. whose D. which供學(xué)習(xí)參考主過，從過；主不過，從隨意；從真理，一般現(xiàn)在永不變。Part 2 賓語從句1 考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛?？键c(diǎn)一：時(shí)態(tài)1.主過，從過：當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要改為過去的對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)，Eg：I know you're right. 過去時(shí) I knew you were right.2.主不過，從隨意：當(dāng)主句不是過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受限一、 從真理，一般現(xiàn)在永不變：當(dāng)從句是客觀真理的時(shí)候，無論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，

34、從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)eg：My mom told that Beijing is the capital of China.考點(diǎn)二：語序賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序，即：主語+謂語，譯一譯：我不知道他是誰。_考點(diǎn)三：連接詞 (1陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞_ 當(dāng)從句是 (2)一般疑問句_ (3)特殊疑問句_如：I know_he is a good student.我想知道她的答案是正確的嗎_Where does she live? Do you know?合并成一句_特別注意：只能用whether不能用if的情況與or not連用： He asked me whether or not I was coming.在介詞之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there.2 中考地帶。