英語復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解解題技巧

1、.高考英語閱讀理解教程高考英語閱讀理解教程公開課教案公開課教案.閱讀理解題的題型閱讀理解題的題型 1、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 2、主旨大意題、主旨大意題 3、推理判斷題、推理判斷題 4、猜測(cè)詞義題、猜測(cè)詞義題.各題型所占比重及命題趨勢(shì)各題型所占比重及命題趨勢(shì)2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 命題趨勢(shì)命題趨勢(shì)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)5 54 45 55 56 6題量平穩(wěn)，需跨段題量平穩(wěn)，需跨段搜取信息搜取信息主旨大意主旨大意5 59 93 33 32 2題量減少，解題時(shí)題量減少，解題時(shí)要進(jìn)行綜合要進(jìn)行綜合 歸納歸納 推推斷斷推理判斷推理判斷8 82 2101010109 9題量增多，難度

2、加題量增多，難度加大大猜測(cè)詞義猜測(cè)詞義2 25 52 22 23 3題量持平，趨于穩(wěn)題量持平，趨于穩(wěn)定定年年題量題量題型題型. 如何確定文章大意如何確定文章大意 問題形式：?jiǎn)栴}形式：1) The main idea/key point/purpose/subject matter of this passage is that _.2) From the passage we learn/can conclude that _.3) The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _. Tips: Not too general, not too sp

3、ecific ! Skills: Find out topic/key sentences. A process is a natural series of actions and reactions that leads to specific results. All of us participate in a variety of processes every day. We digest our food, heal ourselves by making new skin cells, distribute resources through our bodies by bre

4、athing, and use our five senses. Natural processes go on all around us as well. Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis, storms build and move, volcanoes erupt, and fertilized eggs mature - the list seems endless.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph? a. We all take

5、part in many processes every day. b. Natural processes that go on around us include photosynthesis. c. A series of actions and reactions that leads to certain results is called a process. d. Natural processes take place within our bodies. 1 1 主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證細(xì)節(jié)。在的句子則是論證細(xì)節(jié)。在說明文

6、，科技說明文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。中多采用這種格式。 主題句主題句論證論證 1 1論證論證 2 2論證論證 3 3.In the United States, old people who no longer have an income or who suffer from a loss of physical abilities are often forced to give up living alone. They must leave their homes and depend on someone else to give them a place

7、 to live and to take care of their physical needs: they must either live with relatives or live in homes for the aged. This loss of independence is a major problem for the aged. Which of the following best expresses the main idea? A. Old people in the United States who are poor or sick cannot live a

8、lone. B. Being unable to live alone is a serious problem for old people in the United States. C. Old people who are poor or sick should live with their relatives, not in homes for the aged. D. In the United States, old people who are poor are sick are forced to live in homes for the aged.2 2 主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)

9、在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)依據(jù), , 層層推理論證層層推理論證, , 最后自然得出結(jié)論最后自然得出結(jié)論, , 即即段落的主題。段落的主題。列舉事實(shí)列舉事實(shí) 層層推理層層推理 結(jié)論結(jié)論 . “How will it play in Peoria?” This question was asked in the United States in the 1920s when singers, dances, and other entertainers performed in traveling musical show. Performers thought

10、 that if the citizens of a typical U.S. town such as Peoria, Illinois, liked their show it would probably be popular across the country. If Peorians disliked it, the entertainers believed the show would fail. This “Peoria test” is still applied to the people of the state of Illinois. Illinoisans lik

11、es and dislikes seem to mirror those of people across the land. Perhaps this is true because of Illinois central location; it is a crossroads between east and west, north and south. Or perhaps it is because Illinoisans come from such different backgrounds and follow such a wide variety of lifestyles

12、. Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph? a. Illinois is located in the central part of the United States. b. Illinoisans come from different backgrounds. c. The “Peoria test” is the name of a famous show. d. Illinoisans opinions seem to mirror the beliefs of people throughout the

13、 United States.3 3 當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí)當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí), , 作者往往從作者往往從具體的事例談起具體的事例談起, , 隨之歸納出主題隨之歸納出主題, , 然后再然后再圍繞這一主題展開討論圍繞這一主題展開討論, , 使立論更加清楚使立論更加清楚, , 具有很強(qiáng)的說服力具有很強(qiáng)的說服力。 具體事例歸納主題深入討論. All communication is a two-way process involving a speaker or writer and listeners or readers (the audience). In written commun

14、ication, because the audience is not present, the audience is easy to ignore. However, the kind of audience you write for determines what you write and how you write. In describing the World Series baseball championship to a British reader, you would have to include definitions, explanations, and fa

15、cts that a reader in the United States would not need. Similarly, if you write about cricket ( a British sport) for an audience in the United States, you would need to include a lot of basic information. Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph? a. Communication is a process that in

16、volves speakers and writers. b. British readers would need special information to understand an article on the World Series. c. Listeners and readers are called the audience. d. It is important to consider your audience when you write. 主旨題的解題技巧主旨題的解題技巧 *著重理解首末段著重理解首末段,首末句首末句 *主旨在文章中間的情況主旨在文章中間的情況(非文

17、首文尾非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意遇到文章前后段意思轉(zhuǎn)折思轉(zhuǎn)折,提高警惕提高警惕 主旨題的注意事項(xiàng)主旨題的注意事項(xiàng): *段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí),該句很可能是主題句該句很可能是主題句 *作者有意識(shí)的反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)通常是主旨作者有意識(shí)的反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)通常是主旨 *首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí),對(duì)該問題的解答就是文章主旨對(duì)該問題的解答就是文章主旨 *提出文章主旨時(shí)常伴有的文字提示提出文章主旨時(shí)常伴有的文字提示:therefore, thus, but, however, in short等等等等 正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn): 不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息;不含過分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞不含

18、過分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn): 細(xì)節(jié)信息明顯細(xì)節(jié)信息明顯;過于籠統(tǒng)過于籠統(tǒng) . The common cold is the worlds most widespread illness, Which is a plague(疫病疫病) that flesh receives. The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒病毒) passing on from person to person. You

19、 catch a cold by coming into contact with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. The passage mainly discusses_ A. the experiments on the common cold B. the mistaken idea about common cold C. the re

20、ason and way people catch cold D. the continued spread of common cold. Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. A blight（萎菌?。ㄎ。﹎ay be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a who

21、le region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments. what is the main idea

22、of this paragraph? A. Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases B. some other plants have a susceptibility to a great many diseases C. the tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change D. a blight can be a national infection.2 2 如何尋找最佳標(biāo)題如何尋找最佳標(biāo)題常見設(shè)問方式：常見設(shè)

23、問方式：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?.Title 標(biāo)題是段落中心思想的精練表達(dá)形式標(biāo)題是段落中心思想的精練表達(dá)形式 主題句的功能：介紹主題主題句的功能：介紹主題( topic) 和闡述控制概念和闡述控制概念(controlling idea) 有明確主題句的段落標(biāo)題擬定的方式是：有明確主題句的段落標(biāo)題擬定的方式是： 核心詞不動(dòng)，其他詞意義濃縮核心詞不動(dòng)，其他詞意義濃縮 例：例：Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit. 主題：主題：smoking cigarettes 控制概念：控制

24、概念：can be an expensive habit 標(biāo)題：標(biāo)題：The Expensive Habit of Smoking Cigarettes 標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)：標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)： 強(qiáng)調(diào)主題，清楚簡(jiǎn)明，有意義，能吸引讀者注意力，有新強(qiáng)調(diào)主題，清楚簡(jiǎn)明，有意義，能吸引讀者注意力，有新鮮感鮮感. The Man of Many Secrets- Harry Houdini- was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theatres in the last century. He was a man famous for his escapes-from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America.