語法虛擬2013

1、 英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。陳述語氣祈使語氣虛擬語氣We are not ready.（陳述）（陳述）Dont forget to close the window.（祈使）（祈使）I wish you could go with me.（虛擬（虛擬）What kind of subjunctive mood have we learnt before?REVISION（1）1. wish 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣4. 1234型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣2. as if/though 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣5. 條件句中的虛擬

2、語氣條件句中的虛擬語氣3. would rather型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣1.wish 的賓語從句現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：未來：未來：過去時(shí)（過去時(shí)（were）過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)would/could/might+V. should我希望我和你們一樣年輕。我希望我和你們一樣年輕。(be)我真希望我沒犯那樣的錯(cuò)誤。我真希望我沒犯那樣的錯(cuò)誤。(make)我們希望父母不會(huì)逼迫我們做我們不愿意做的事。我們希望父母不會(huì)逼迫我們做我們不愿意做的事。(force)REVISION（2） I wish I _you.(現(xiàn)在)How I wish I_ such a mistake. （過去）We wish o

3、ur parents_ what we are not willing to do. （將來）were as young ashadnt madewouldnt force us to do2.as if / as though后的表語或狀語從句后的表語或狀語從句 含義含義動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 形形 式式例句例句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)形式過去時(shí)形式He looks as if he knew the little girl.過去完成時(shí)形式過去完成時(shí)形式過去過去It appeared as if nothing had happened.將來將來The man looks worried, as if sth.

4、bad would happen on him.would/could/might+do(與與wish相同相同)practice1. They both talked as if they_ friends before. A. would be B. should be C. had been D. have been2.他談起巴黎來，就好像他到過那兒似的。他談起巴黎來，就好像他到過那兒似的。(be)He talks about Paris as if he_. had been there beforeas if3.would rather ( (寧愿寧愿) )后的賓語從句后的賓語從句 含

5、義含義動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 形形 式式例句例句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在將來將來過去時(shí)形式過去時(shí)形式I would rather he took me over thecrossing.過去過去過去完成時(shí)形式過去完成時(shí)形式I would rather youhadnt told me thetruth.練一練練一練: : 1.I would rather he_ tomorrow than today. (come)2.I would rather you _ me now. (pay)3.我倒希望他們那天和我一起去。我倒希望他們那天和我一起去。I would rather they_ with me that day.

6、camepaidhad gone_4.表示要求/命令/建議動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句常見動(dòng)詞：常見動(dòng)詞： 一個(gè)一個(gè)堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)，兩個(gè)命令命令，三個(gè)，三個(gè)建議建議，四個(gè)四個(gè)要求要求。即。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , desire , require, request這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用（should ）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。我們我們建議建議Tom Tom 去休息去休息一下。一下。(rest)他他堅(jiān)決堅(jiān)決要求我參加會(huì)議。要求我參加會(huì)議。(attend)國(guó)王

7、國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。死刑。(kill)他們他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾阂笪覀兣伤麄內(nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。工作?send)We suggested that Tom_.He insisted that I_.The king ordered that the prisoners_ the next day.They requested that we_ work there.(should) have a rest(should ) attend the meetingbe killed(should) send them toI suggest that we (should)

8、 finish the work at once, but he insists that time is enough and we can have a rest.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示“建議” 或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事”，而用它們本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that she_ (send) to hospitals at once.3.He

9、 suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas 以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語主語從句從句，表語從句表語從句和和同位語同位語從句從句也要使用虛擬語氣也要使用虛擬語氣常見的詞有：常見的詞有： order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire_Its suggested that the plan be car

10、ried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.主從主從表從表從同從同從條件從句條件從句If 從句的謂語形式從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式5.虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法?，F(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)過去時(shí)（were）would/could/should/might +V.(原）原）過去過去過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)would/could/should/might+h

11、ave+p.p.未來未來 1.過去時(shí)過去時(shí) 2.should+V. 3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.（原）（原）1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.與現(xiàn)在事

12、實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.與將來事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反 1. I dont have a cellphone. If I had one,_ _for me

13、 to get in touch with others. (convenient)我沒有手機(jī)。如果有的話，我和別人取得聯(lián)系就很方便。我沒有手機(jī)。如果有的話，我和別人取得聯(lián)系就很方便。2. _now, we should read it again. (have)要是現(xiàn)在有空，我們就該把它再看一遍。要是現(xiàn)在有空，我們就該把它再看一遍。 3. If _alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home. (drink)（20112011年湖北）年湖北）如果我昨晚沒有喝酒的話，我就可以將車開回家。如果我昨晚沒有喝酒的話，我就可以將車開回家。 4.

14、 If I were to do it, _it in a different way. Unluckily, its unlikely that I will get the chance. (do)要是我做，我就用不同的方法做。不幸地是，我不可能有機(jī)會(huì)。要是我做，我就用不同的方法做。不幸地是，我不可能有機(jī)會(huì)。 it would be convenientIf we had time I would do I hadnt drunkThink about the following sentences and try to find something special.Without the

15、 new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces.沒有新的顏料和新的繪畫手法，我們就不能看到很多杰作。沒有新的顏料和新的繪畫手法，我們就不能看到很多杰作。Without the impressionists, many of these paintings might not exist.如果沒有印象派，那么著許多不同風(fēng)格就不可能存在。如果沒有印象派，那么著許多不同風(fēng)格就不可能存在。But for the effective measures taken by t

16、he government during the earthquake, we would have suffered even greater losses.要不是地震期間政府采取了有效措施，我們?cè)馐艿膿p失會(huì)更大。要不是地震期間政府采取了有效措施，我們?cè)馐艿膿p失會(huì)更大。_WithoutWithoutBut for 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣中的虛擬語氣1.1.含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 通過其他方式而不用條件從句表示的假設(shè)情況稱之通過其他方式而不用條件從句表示的假設(shè)情況稱之為含蓄條件句為含蓄條件句。 用用with ,without, but for( (要不是要不是) ) 等介詞短語、分詞等

17、介詞短語、分詞短語或連詞短語或連詞otherwise(否則，要不然否則，要不然)來代替條件從句。來代替條件從句。=If I had been given five more minutes, =If it hadnt been for your help,（現(xiàn)在）（現(xiàn)在）（過去）（過去）（過去）（過去）地球上如果沒有水和空氣，人就會(huì)死。地球上如果沒有水和空氣，人就會(huì)死。Man would die without air or water on the earth.=if there were no air or water on the earth.如果再給我五分鐘，我就解出那道題啦。如果再給

18、我五分鐘，我就解出那道題啦。Given five more minutes, I would have worked out the problem. 要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。But for your help, I couldnt have done it.2.But for John, we _ the match last week. A. would have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. lostPractice:Practice:would have lostBut for1.當(dāng)時(shí)我生病，要

19、不然我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。當(dāng)時(shí)我生病，要不然我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。(take)I was ill at that time, otherwise I _the sports meet.would have taken part inIf I had not been ill at that time, 3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scoredwould have scored

20、otherwise4.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be Withoutwould beWithout the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.沒有新的顏料和新的繪畫手法，我們就不能看到很多沒有新的顏料和新的繪畫手法

21、，我們就不能看到很多使這一時(shí)代著使這一時(shí)代著名的名的杰作。杰作。_If the new paints and the new technique had not been discovered, 從句表明與從句表明與過去過去相反相反 We would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.主句主句主句表明與主句表明與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在相反相反？without從句從句？錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 中的虛擬語氣中的虛擬語氣2.2.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 有時(shí)虛擬條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和

22、主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一有時(shí)虛擬條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致（致（如一個(gè)是過去發(fā)生的，一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的如一個(gè)是過去發(fā)生的，一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的），這是兩個(gè)動(dòng)作），這是兩個(gè)動(dòng)作需要按照各自的時(shí)間來調(diào)整，我們稱之為需要按照各自的時(shí)間來調(diào)整，我們稱之為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。 If he had studied hard before, he would be a college student now.（從句與（從句與_事實(shí)相反，主句與事實(shí)相反，主句與_事實(shí)相反）事實(shí)相反） If it rained now, the crops should be save

23、d.（從句與（從句與_事實(shí)相反，主句與事實(shí)相反，主句與_事實(shí)相反）事實(shí)相反）過去過去現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在將來將來 If he hadnt missed the train, he would arrive here now. If I had not been busy, I would have come. If he hadnt missed the train, he would have arrived here then. If I were not busy, I would come. If I am not busy, I will come.比較比較:錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

24、主從句一起表明與過去相反主從句一起表明與過去相反過去過去現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在/ /將來將來陳述語氣陳述語氣Practice:假如你接受了我的意見，假如你接受了我的意見，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好得多。你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好得多。You much better now if you my advice.would behad taken要不是你誤了公共汽車的話，我們現(xiàn)在正在聽音樂會(huì)要不是你誤了公共汽車的話，我們現(xiàn)在正在聽音樂會(huì)呢呢If you_ the bus,we _the concert now.hadnt missedwould be enjoying其他句式中的虛擬語氣其他句式中的虛擬語氣3.在下面的定語從句中在下面的定語

25、從句中Its (about/high) time +that （現(xiàn)在）該（現(xiàn)在）該should +V.過去時(shí)過去時(shí)你該走了。你該走了。我們?cè)撊ノ覀冊(cè)撊ニX了。睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we_.Its time that we_. 不可省不可省went to bedshould go to bed4. If only (要是要是.就好了就好了) )引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中 If only I knew his name! If only we had follo

26、wed your advice! If only I could see him again! 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。了。（live）要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了?。耍。╩iss）If only our parents _us!If only I _the train!( (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) )（過去過去）（將來將來）could live withhadnt missed5.5.虛擬語氣在某些主語從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語氣在某些主語從句中的運(yùn)用 主句主句 從句從句It isadj.necessary/important/strange/na

27、tural/surprisingthat 主語主語 should v.原原n.a pity/a shame/no wonderp.p.suggested,proposed,requested,desired,ordered,requiredIt is necessary that everyone be there in time.大家按時(shí)到達(dá)那里是必要的。大家按時(shí)到達(dá)那里是必要的。Its a pity that he should be so ill.他竟然病得這樣厲害，真是太遺憾啦。他竟然病得這樣厲害，真是太遺憾啦。It is suggested that he should go to

28、HongKong for holidays.有人建議他去香港度假。有人建議他去香港度假。 Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。她這樣做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 1. It is strange that he _ interest in much of his research. A. should have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. wil

29、l lostshould have lost2. It is necessary that the problem _ at once. A. solves B. should solve C. should be solved D. will be solvedshould be solved6.6.在有在有even if /though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從 復(fù)合句中復(fù)合句中 主從句都用主從句都用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含非真實(shí)條件句的虛虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含非真實(shí)條件句的虛 擬語氣相同擬語氣相同eg. 即使林濤在這兒，我也要這樣說。即使林濤在這兒，我也要這樣說。Ev

30、en if Lin Tao were here, I should say the same thing. 即使生病了，他也要去辦公室。即使生病了，他也要去辦公室。Even though he were ill, he would go to his office.Even if I_ with you then, I_ much for you.A. would be; wouldnt be B. were; shouldnt have doneC. had been; wouldnt do D. had been; shouldnt have done_虛擬語氣中其它應(yīng)注意的問題虛擬語氣中

31、其它應(yīng)注意的問題注意注意1.1. 在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用“were”，不用不用was，即，即在從句中在從句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題典型例題_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I答案答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三