(word完整版)情態(tài)動詞用法歸納,推薦文檔

1、情態(tài)動詞用法歸納情態(tài)動詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情態(tài)動詞 無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨使用，必須與其后的 動詞原形 構成謂語一、can, could1)can, could 表示能力（體力、知識、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box? （體力）Mary can speak three languages（.知識）Can you skate?（技能）此時可用 be able to

2、 代替。用 be able to 改寫上面三個句子。 Can 只有一般現(xiàn)在時（ can）和一般過去式（ could ）；而 be able to 則有更多的時態(tài)。am/is/are able to( 一般現(xiàn)在時 )：I am able to do this job, 其它幾個自己改寫 was/were able to( 一般過去式 ): He was able to do this jobwill be able to( 一般將來時 )：I will(won t) be able to do this job this afternoon I ll notbe able to come thi

3、s afternoon.當表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事”時應用 be able to ，不能用Can。如：He cant swim,but he is able to cross the river.2) can, could 表示請求 和允許。- Can I go now? = May I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you can=Yes,yout. may./No,you may not.此時可與may 互換。在 疑問句 中還可用could,might 代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。- Could I come to see y

4、ou tomorrow?- Yes, you can.( No, I m afraid not).3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力） 。They ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示推測（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度） ，用于疑問句、否定句 和感嘆句 中。Can this be true?This cantbe done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1)表示請求 和允許。 migh

5、t 比 may 語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用cant或 mustnt，表示 “不可以，禁止” 。-Might/ MayI smoke in this room?- No, you mustn t.- May/MightI take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you can t / mustn . ) t用 May I. ？征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用Can I. ？在口語中更常見。2）用于 祈使句， 表示祝愿。May you succeed!3) 表示推測、可能性（不用于 疑問句 ）。might 不是過去式

6、，它所表示的可能性比may 小。1He may /mightbe very busy now.2Your mother may /might notknow the truth.1三、must, have to1) 表示必須、必要 。You must come in time.在回答引出的問句時，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不準） ，而用 neednt, don- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must .- No, you don thave to / you needn t.2) must 是說話人的 主

7、觀看法， 而 have to 則強調 客觀需要。 Must 只有一般現(xiàn)在時，1 he play isntinteresting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推測、可能性 （只用于肯定的陳述句）1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 Your mother must be waitingfor you now.t have（to不必） .have to 有更多的時態(tài)形式。四、dare, need1) dare 作

8、情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。1How dare you say I m unfair?2He daren tspeak English before such a crowd, dare he?3If we dared not go there that day， we couldn tget the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should 代替。1You needncomet so early.2. - Need

9、I finish the work today?- Yes, you must . / No, you neednt.3) dare 和 need 作實義動詞用時，有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare 后面常接帶to 的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare 后面可接帶to 或不帶 to 的不定式。而need 后面只能接帶to 的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesn t dare(to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.五、shall, should1) sh

10、all 用于第一人稱，征求對方的意見。What shall we do this evening?2)shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示 說話人 給對方的 命令、警告、允諾或威脅。1. You shall fail if you don t work 警hard告).(2. He shall have the book when I finish it.( 允諾 )3. He shall be punished.(威脅 )六、 will, would1) 表示請求、建議 等，would 更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?22) 表示意志

11、、愿望 和決心。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3) would 表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作 或某種傾向 。 would 表示過去習慣 時比 used to 正式，且沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習慣”的含義。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.4) 表示估計和猜想。It would be about ten o clock when she left home.七、sho

12、uld, ought to1) should, ought to 表示 “應該”， ought to 表示義務 或責任， 比 should 語氣重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。 should, ought to 可通用，但在 疑問句 中常用 should 。1.You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window?3) 表示推測 s

13、hould , ought to ( 客觀推測 ), must( 主觀推測 )。1.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家 )2.He ought to /should be home by now.(不太肯定 )3.This is where the oil must be.(直爽 )4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄 )八、情態(tài)動詞 + 不定式完成式（have done ）1) can / could + have done 在肯定句 中表示“本來可以做而實際上能做某事” ，是虛擬語氣 ；在疑問句 或否定句

14、 中表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定 , 表示推測 。1. You could have done better, but you didn ttry your best. （虛擬語氣）2. He canthave been to that town. （推測） 3. Can he have got the book?（推測）2) may / might + 不定式完成式（ have done）表示對過去行為的推測。不能用于 疑問句 中，沒有 虛擬語氣 的用法。 Might所表示的可能性比may 小。1.He may not have finishedthe work .2If we had ta

15、ken the other road, we might have arrivedearlier.3） must + 不定式完成式（have done）用于 肯定句 中，表示對過去行為的推測。意為“一定、想必” 。其 疑問、否定 形式用 can，cant代替。參看1) can /could + have done 表示推測 。1.You must have seen the film Titanic.2 He must have been to Shanghai.4） should + 不定式完成式（have done）用于 肯定句 中，表示對過去行為的推測 。 He should have

16、finished the work by now 。表示“ 本應該做而實際上沒有做某事”，其否定式表示某種行為本不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了?？梢耘c ought to +不定式完成式（ have done）互換。1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn t.)2.She shouldn thave taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5) neednt+ 不定式完成式（have done ）表示“本來不必做而實際上做了某事”。 You needn t have wat

17、eredthe flowers, for it is going to rain.6) will + 不定式完成式（have done）主要用于第二、三人稱，表示對已完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測 。 He will have arrivedby now情態(tài)動詞也可以和動詞進行形式或完成進行形式構成謂語：表示“應當正在 ”，“想必正在 ”3的意思。Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?She might still be thinking about the question you raised.He cant be swimming in such

18、 weather.At the moment she may (might) be playing with her schoolmates.We neednt be standing here in the rain. We might take shelter in the hut over there.情態(tài)動詞間或也可以和一個動詞的完成進行形式構成謂語，表示“應當一直在 ”，“想必一直在”這類意思。【例如】They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.They may have been dis

19、cussing the problem this morning.She couldnt have been swimming all day.情態(tài)動詞部分練習題1) You_ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA) neednt have washedB) shouldnt have washedC) must not have washedD) can not havewashed2)Johns score on the test is the highest in the class;

20、 he_ last night.A) should studyB) should have studiedC) must have studiedD) must have to study3)The room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) cant have beenB) shouldnt have beenC) mustnt have beenD) wouldnt have been4)Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from

21、South America on rafts.A) must have sailedB) can sailC) might have sailedD) should have sailed5)Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom.A) should have beenB) must have beenC) must beD) should be6)Bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. He _ his mind.A) ca

22、nt have changedB) wouldnt have changedC) must have changedD) shouldnt havechanged7)You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.4A) neednt goB) had better not goC) should not goD) neednt have gone8) We_ the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive.A) must receiveB) ought to receiveC

23、) must have receivedD) ought to have received9) With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night.A) mustnt goB) shouldnt have goneC) could not goD) couldnt have gone10)Eve was late for class again. She _earlier.A) should get upB) must get upC) need to get upD) should have got up11)I am feelin

24、g sick. I_ so much chocolate.A) neednt have eateB) couldnt have eatenC) mustnt have eatenD) shouldnt have eaten12)I didnt send out my application form last week, but I _.A) hadB) would doC) should haveD) might have to13)Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he_ Tom to go

25、 with him.A) might have askedB) should askedC) must have askedD) should have asked14)When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier.A) ought to getB) ought to have gotC) must have gotD) must get15)The road was muddy. It_ last night.A) must rainedB) must have rainedC) must b

26、e rainedD) could have rained16)She can speak quite fluent English. She_.A) must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB) must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC) should have been in the U.S.A. for some timeD) May be in the U.S.A. for some time17)You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he_.

27、A) was used to beB) used to beC) was used toD) use to18)“We didnt see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He _it. ”A) mustnt visitB) cant have visitedC) should have gone to seD) may see19)Mary _my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A) should have receivedB) has receivedC) Couldnt have

28、 receivedD) ought to have received20)I _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A) would have liked to giveB) liked to giveC) have liked to giveD) would like to give521)“Where _ my umbrella?”“Somebody _ it away by mistake.”A) is, must have takenB) is, must takeC) have bee

29、n, must takeD) is, takes22)What _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A) will you supposeB) you supposeC) do you supposeD) you would suppose23)Two eyes _see more than one.A) canB) mayC) willD) should24)_ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A) WouldB) Wi

30、llC) MayD) Should25)We ought to help each other in our work, _?A) oughtnt weB) should weC) shouldnt weD) ought to we26)Tom _ better than to ask Dick for help.A) shall knowB) shouldnt knowC) has knownD) should have known27)You _ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.A) had better gotB) had t

31、o get betterC) had better to getD) had better get28)When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we _.A) neednt hurryB) didnt need hurryC) neednt to hurryD) neednt have hurried29)It was really very dangerous; you _ him seriously.A) might have injuredB) could injureC) should have injured

32、D) must injure30)As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work.A) needntB) may notC) mustntD) cant31)An Englishman who _not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.A) mustB) couldC) mayD) might32)I _like to make a suggestion.A) couldB) wouldC) mustD) might33)I know things are har

33、d with you, but you _try to get over the difficulties.A) canB) mayC) mustD) ought34 I cant find the recorder in the room. It _ by somebody.A) may have been taken awayB) may leaveC) may take awayD) must have taken away635) He _the 9:20 train because he didnt leave home till 9:25.A) can reachB) could

34、catchC) may not catchD) couldnt have caught情態(tài)動詞部分練習題答案1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D情態(tài)動詞專項練習. 單項選擇1.I thought youlike something to read, so I have brought you some book

35、s.A. mayB. mightC. couldD. must2.Youto the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need comingD. neednt come3.Heyou more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give4. I help you with

36、 some shoes, madam? Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones. A. WillB. ShouldC. MayD. Must5.The reason why theyleave wasnt explained to us. A. hadB. had toC. mustD. might6.I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. I thought Iit at home. A. leftB. have leftC. might have leftD. could have left

37、7.I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.A. could have fallenB. should have fallenC. must have fallenD. mustnt have fallen8.The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon theyreturn to their school.A. canB. mustC. have toD. ought to9.I want

38、to go to the chemists, but yougo with me.A. need notB. must notC. needD. must10. I thought it over, butcome to no conclusion. A. canB. couldC. shouldD. would11. What weget seems better than what we have. A. canB. couldC. cantD. Couldn t12. My goodness! Ive just missed the train.7Thats too bad. I am

39、sure youit, if you had hurried. A. could have caughtB. had caughC. would catchD. could catch13. Look! What youve done! Youmore careful.A. may beB. had toC. should have beenD. would be14.I repeat the question? A. ShallB. WillC. Do you want thatD. Do15. Professor Li, many students want to see you.they

40、 wait here or outside!A. DoB. WillC. ShallD. Are16. Youread that book if you dont want to. A. haventB. cantC. mustntD. neednt17. Johnny, youplay with the knife; youhurt yourself.A. wont; cantB. cant; shouldnt C. shouldnt; mustD. mustnt; may18. Its nearly seven oclock. Jackbe here at any moment.A. mu

41、stB. needC. canD. should19. There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. Ita comfortable journey.A. cant beB. shouldnt beC. couldnt have beenD. mustnt have been20. Tom ought not tome your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingC. having told21. E

42、veryone is here.we start the meeting? A. CanB. MustC. ShouldD. Shall22. I parked my car right here but now its gone. It.A. must be stolenB. may be stolenC. must have stolenD. must have been stolen23. Hethe work yesterday, but he didnt.A. must have finishedB. need have finishedC. finishedD. should ha

43、ve finished24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he.A. mustnt have failed B. may not have failedC. neednt have failed D. shouldnt have failed25.it be true that Albert passed the test in geography? A. MayB. shouldC. CouldD. would26. Youlead a horse to the water but younot make it dr

44、ink.A. will; canB. may; canC. may; dareD. dare; can27. Must we finish the composition in class?No, you.A. needntB. mustntC. wontD. shouldnt28. Her eyes were red. She.A. must cryB. must be criedC. must have been cryingD. may cry829. Maryhis letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has

45、receiveB. must receiveC. couldnt have receivedD. shouldnt have received30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps Ifor her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空Hello. Gerry speaking.Hello, Gerry. Its me John here. Why arent you here at the meeting?Well, Im terribly sorry, but Im not feeling very well.Is that all?We thought you might(have) an accidentor(forget) the day or something.No, Im sorry. I was sick all night. I