呼吸內(nèi)科專業(yè)英語

1、呼吸科英語Bronchial asthma 支氣管哮喘 acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 變異原，變態(tài)反響 blood gas analysis 血?dú)夥治?Anaemia 貧血 Alveolar 肺泡的 antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不張 Lung abscess 肺膿腫Athrosclerotic heart disease 動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病Beta2-agonist B2 受體沖動(dòng)劑Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory dis

2、tress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征Percussion and auscultation 叩聽診Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺動(dòng)脈狹窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 腎上腺糖皮質(zhì)激素BBiopsy 活檢Bronchiectasis 支氣管擴(kuò)張F(tuán)iber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纖支鏡活檢BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支氣管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支氣管炎，細(xì)支氣管炎Boop ： bronchiolitis obliterans with organiz

3、ing pneunomia 閉塞性細(xì)支氣管炎伴機(jī)化性肺炎 Bronchoscopy 支氣管鏡檢查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺復(fù)蘇CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性間質(zhì)性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵狀指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫紺Nonproductive cough 干咳C

4、omplication 并發(fā)癥DDyspnea 呼吸困難Differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷Discharge diagnosis 出院診斷EEmphysema 肺氣腫 pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸堿平衡 etiology 病因?qū)WEmphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous 內(nèi)生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 間質(zhì)性肺纖維化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gr

5、am stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 過敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血紅蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high -resolution computerized tomography 高分辨 CT Histology 組織學(xué)Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特發(fā)間質(zhì)性肺炎Intratracheal 氣管內(nèi)的Intravenous 靜脈內(nèi)的NNoninvasive ventilation 無創(chuàng)機(jī)械通氣OOSAS obstructive sleep ap

6、nea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暫停綜合征PPulmonary second sound 肺動(dòng)脈瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax 氣胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺動(dòng)脈血栓栓塞癥 Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通氣血流比Pleura 胸腔積液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原發(fā)性支氣管源性肺癌 Provocation test 激發(fā)試驗(yàn)Parenchymal 實(shí)質(zhì)的 insterstial 間質(zhì)的Plumonary edema 肺水腫Lobar pneumonia 大葉性肺炎2

7、/3Lobular pneumonia 小葉性肺炎RMoist rales 濕羅音Dry rales 干羅音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 動(dòng)脈血氧飽和度 Short of breath 氣短Syncope 暈厥Sarcoidosis 結(jié)節(jié)病Segment 段TTuberculosis 結(jié)核病Tachypnea 氣促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 經(jīng)支氣管肺活檢 Thoracoscopy 胸腔鏡檢查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染W(wǎng)Wheeze 哮鳴音

8、其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰 release of bronchial spasm 解痙 細(xì)菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎鏈球菌 staphylococcus 葡萄球菌 legionella 軍團(tuán)菌 mycoplasma 支原體 chlamydia 衣原體 pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided ?k ?sk?up 胸腔鏡 lung biopsy open lung biopsy pleural biopsy biopsy of enlarged lymph

9、nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG) 心電圖 echocardiogram 超聲心動(dòng)圖V/Q isotope'ais ?ut?up 同位素 scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral 螺旋 CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography,?nd ?i'? g?fi血管造影術(shù))pulmonary angiographyDoppler'd ?pl?多普勒 USS thigh0 j大i腿 and pelvis'pelvis 骨盆(USS: ultrasoun

10、dscanning) cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography) 常見的病名 diseases acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染 common cold 普通感冒 influenza 流感 ,influ'enz ? pharynigitis 咽炎 pharyngalgiaf?rin'g?ld ?i? 咽痛 acute broncho-bronchitis 急性氣管 -支氣管炎4/14pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社區(qū)獲得性

11、肺炎 hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 醫(yī)院獲得性肺炎 nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 醫(yī)院內(nèi)肺炎 bronchiectasis 支氣管擴(kuò)張 chornic bronchitis 慢性支氣管炎 pulmonary emphysema 肺氣腫chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD 急性發(fā)作 bronchial asthma 支氣管哮喘allergic rhinitisrai'naitis 過敏性鼻炎 respiratory fail

12、ure 呼吸衰竭 lung abscess 肺膿腫 pulmonary tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核病 lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原發(fā)性支氣管肺癌 squamous'skweim?s cell carcinoma 鱗癌ade nocarci noma 腺癌'?d ?n?u,k a :si' n?um? bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支氣管肺泡細(xì)胞癌 small cell lung carcinoma SCLC 小細(xì)胞肺癌 pulmonary metastasis 肺轉(zhuǎn)移

13、瘤 m?'t?st?sis pulmonary embolism PE 肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE)肺血栓栓塞癥,B mb?u'emb?liz?m pulmonary infarction 肺梗死 deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深靜脈血栓形成 empyema 膿胸 ,empai'i:m ? pneumothorax 氣胸 pyopneumothorax 膿氣胸 'pai?u,nju:m?u' B:r?kschronic suppurative disease 慢性化膿性疾病 's?

14、pju?r?tiv, -reitivcongenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫紺性心臟病 ,sai?'n?tikcor pulmonale 肺源性心臟病 'k?:,pum?'n?li pulmonary hypertension 肺動(dòng)脈高壓 pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性腦病 en,sef?'l?p?B i right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭 pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病 interstitial lung di

15、sease, ILD 彌漫性間質(zhì)性肺疾病 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特發(fā)性肺纖維化 ,idi ?'p? B ik cryptogenic,kript ?u'd?enik 隱源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隱源性 纖維化 性肺泡 炎 connective tissue related lung diseases 結(jié)締組織相關(guān)性肺疾病 systemic lupus'lju:p ?s狼瘡 erythematosus, SLE 系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 結(jié)節(jié)

16、病 ,sa :k?i'd?usisPulmonary alveolar proteinosis,pr ?utii'n?usis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉積癥Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 'hi:m ?u,sid ?r?usis, ,hem-特發(fā)性肺含鐵血黃素沉著病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格漢斯細(xì)胞肉芽腫病 'g r?nju,l?um?'t?usis Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽腫 ,i:?sin?'filikHistiocytosis X 組織

17、細(xì)胞增多癥 XWegener granulomatosis Wegener 肉芽腫 extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性過敏性肺泡炎 pneumoconiosis 塵肺 'nju:m?,k?uni'?usis drug-induced lung disease 藥物性肺病 aspergillosis?,sp ?:d?i'l?usis 曲菌?。?allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病 broncho-pleural fistula 支氣管胸膜瘺 &

18、#39;fistjul ? oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鵝口瘡 ,k?ndi'dai ?sisosteoporotic bone change 骨質(zhì)疏松樣改變glaucoma 青光眼cataract 白內(nèi)障acute lung injury ， ALI 急性肺損傷acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征urticaria 蕁麻疹 eczema 濕疹 hypertension 高血壓 diabetes 糖尿病 be administered, treat sb. with empirical 經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的,p

19、rophylactic,pr ?fi'l?ktik, ,pr?u-預(yù)防性，remedialri'mi:di ?l治療性 Expectorant 祛痰藥 eks'pekt?r?nt Mucolytics 粘液溶解劑 ,mju:k ?u'litik 常用的藥物 drugs or agents bronchodilator 支氣管擴(kuò)張劑 ,br?k?udai'leit?B2-agonists'? g ?nis*奮劑：short-acting :salbutamol 沙丁胺醇s?l'bju:t ?m?(:)l Iong-acting: salme

20、terol 沙美特羅muscarinic,m ?sk?'rinik毒蕈堿樣的antagonists?n't? g ?nist對抗齊U : ipratropiumbromide'br ?umaid 異丙托溴胺 aminophylline 氨茶堿 ?,mi:n?u'fili:nsteroids'sti?r?id類固醇 in haled: budeso nide 布地奈po(per 德， os)., beclomethasone,bekl?u'me Bs?un倍氯米松，fluticasone 氟替卡松 systemic: prednisolone

21、9;pred'nis?l?un 強(qiáng)的松hydrocortisone,haidr ?u'k?:tiz?un 氫化可的松 iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium 色甘酸鈉leukotriene,lju:k ?u'trai ?n白三烯 receptor antagonists: montelukast 孟魯司特respiratory stimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamideni'kemaid?-mid尼可剎米cardiac tonic 強(qiáng)心劑 diuretics 利尿劑 ,daiju?&#

22、39;retik albumin 白蛋白 '?lbjumin antitussive agents 鎮(zhèn)咳藥 ,?nti't ?sivammonium chloride 氯化銨?'m?unj?m銨'kl ?:raid氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索 mucosolvan 沐舒坦Pantoloc 潘妥洛克常用的治療措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae'k?njuli: 鼻導(dǎo)管， Venturiven'tju ?ri 文里氏 face-mask nebulizer'nebjulaiz ?噴霧器 : f

23、iner particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler (MDI) 定量霧化吸入器via intubation,intju:'bei ?n 插 管 ， tracheostomy ,tr?ki' ?st?mi, ,trei- 氣 管 造 口 術(shù) ， tracheotomy,tr?ki' ?t?mi, ,trei- 氣管切開術(shù) ) synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步間歇指令通氣 p

24、ressure support ventilation, PSV 壓力支持通氣thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺術(shù),9r?k?sen'tesis chest drain/drainage 弓丨流術(shù) chemotherapy 化療 radiation therapy 放療pneumonectomy 肺切除術(shù) ,nju:m?u'nekt?milobectomy of lung ， pulmonary lobectomy 肺葉切除術(shù) l?u'bekt?mi 葉切除術(shù)thoracotomy 開胸術(shù)，胸廓切開術(shù),Qr?'k?t?mipleurodesis 胸膜剝脫術(shù)

25、pleurectomy 胸膜切除術(shù)pleural adhesion 胸膜粘連術(shù)thromboendarterectomy 血栓動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)inferior vena cava filter 下腔靜脈過濾器cystic'sistik囊性的 /varicose'v?rik ?us曲張樣 /cyclindrical 柱狀-tram-tracks 軌道樣 hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex 'eipeks 尖端 shift contralaterally 對立的旁邊CXR: translucency tr?nz'lju:s ?n

26、si 半透明 +collapse 倒塌 : visible rim 邊緣refractory or recurrent 周期性的 : pleurodesis 胸膜固定術(shù) , pleurectomyplu'rekt ?mi 胸膜切除術(shù) , bulla'bul ? 大皰 stapling 裝訂 or lasering 激光常用的化療藥9/14cisplatin 順鉑Gemcitabine 吉西他濱： Gemzar (鹽酸吉西他濱注射劑 ) paclitaxel; taxinol 紫杉醇 Taxol 泰素 docetaxel 多西他賽泰素帝 常見的抗生素beta-lactam ant

27、ibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林 /他唑巴坦鈉 ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡 西林 /克拉維酸鉀 cephamycin 頭孢菌素類cefradine 頭孢拉啶cefaclor 頭孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 頭孢哌酮 /舒巴坦ceftriaxone 頭孢曲松cefpiramide 頭孢吡啶ceftazidime 頭孢他定ceftizoxime 頭

28、孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯類azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美羅培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亞胺培南 /西司他丁鈉 泰能 tienam Glycopeptides 糖肽類 inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 萬古霉素 norvancomycin 去甲萬古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides 大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類： inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 羅紅霉素 clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythr

29、omycin 紅霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷類 reno- and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星丁胺卡那gentamicin 慶大霉素streptomycin 鏈霉素Sulfamido 磺胺類sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹諾酮類： inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 諾氟沙星 ofloxacin 氧氟沙星 levoflox

30、acin 左氧氟沙星 gatifloxacin 加替沙星 moxifloxacin 莫西沙星 ciprofloxacin 環(huán)丙沙星Tetracycline 四環(huán)素類 minocycline 美滿霉素 Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑類 metronidazole 甲 硝唑 tinidazole 替硝唑 ornidazole 奧硝唑Antitubercular agents 抗結(jié)核藥rifampicin 利福平 rifapentine 利福噴丁 isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 異煙肼 pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺 ethambut

31、ol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌藥nystatin 制霉菌素 amphotericin 兩性霉素 B fluconazole 氟康唑 voriconazole 伏立康唑 itraconazole 伊曲康唑 Antivirus agents ribavirin 利巴韋林 oseltamivir 奧司他韋 acyclovir 阿昔洛韋 ganciclovir 更昔洛韋 valaciclovir 伐昔洛韋 foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid 膦甲酸鈉可耐 lamivudine 拉米夫定 entecavir 恩替卡韋

32、 常見的病原微生物 microorganism, microbe 微生物 bacterium 細(xì)菌lipopolysaccharide LPS脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致熱原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 內(nèi)毒素Gram stain 革蘭染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成單位antibacterial agents 抗菌藥resistance 耐藥性ESBLs ： extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光譜 B 內(nèi)酰胺酶MRSA ： methicillin-resistant staphylococcu

33、s aureus 耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌 bacteremia 菌血癥toxemia 毒血癥11/14endotoxemia 內(nèi)毒素血癥 septicaemia 敗血癥 pyemia 膿毒血癥 pathogen 致病原 pathogenicity 致病性 virulence 毒力 median lethal dose (LD50) 半數(shù)致死量 median infective dose (ID50) 半數(shù)感染量 virus 病毒 replication 復(fù)制 viremia 病毒血癥 normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiolog

34、ical microbiota 正常微生物群 flora disequilibrium 菌群失調(diào) dysbacteriosis 菌群失調(diào)癥 opportunistic infection 時(shí)機(jī)性感染 conditioned infection 條件致病性感染 endogenous infection 內(nèi)源性感染 exogenous infection 外源性感染 antimicrobial susceptibility testing 藥物敏感試驗(yàn) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌濃度 minimum bactericidal concen

35、tration (MBC) 最小殺菌濃度 disinfection 消毒 sterilization 滅菌 asepsis 無菌 aseptic technique 無菌技術(shù) bacteriostasis 抑菌 antisepsis 防腐 disinfectant 消毒劑 bacteriostatic agent 抑菌劑 bactericide 殺菌劑 autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高壓蒸汽滅菌法 ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外線 isolation precaution 隔離預(yù)防 artifici

36、al active immunization 人工主動(dòng)免疫 vaccination 疫苗接種 killed/inactivated vaccine 死 /滅活疫苗 attentuated live vaccine 減毒活疫苗I I、/- rtoxoid 類毒素 artificial passive immunity 人工被動(dòng)免疫 antitoxin 抗毒素 gammaglobulin 丙種球蛋白 Staphylococcus aureus 金黃色葡萄球菌 Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus epidermidis

37、表皮葡萄球菌 12/14Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎鏈球菌Viridans streptococci 草綠色鏈球菌 Escherichia coli 大腸埃希菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺 炎克雷伯菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 銅綠假單胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血桿菌 Legionella 軍團(tuán)桿菌屬Enterobacter cloacae 陰溝腸桿菌Serratia 沙雷菌屬Proteus vulgaris 普通變形桿菌Acinebacter 不動(dòng)桿菌屬Neisser

38、ia meningitis, meningococcus 腦膜炎鏈球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾桿菌Salmonella typhi 傷寒沙門菌Vibrio cholerae 霍亂弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽門螺桿菌Campylobacter jejuni 空腸彎曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝桿菌屬，抗酸桿菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 結(jié)核分枝桿菌 Puri

39、fied protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非結(jié)核分枝桿菌 Mycobacterium leprae 麻風(fēng)分枝桿 菌 Anaerobic bacterial 厭氧性細(xì)菌Clostridium tetani 破傷風(fēng)梭菌Clostridum perfringens 產(chǎn)氣莢膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艱難梭菌 antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相關(guān)性腹瀉 pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性結(jié)腸炎Corynebacterium