高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理

1、v1.0可編輯可修改定語(yǔ)從句(一)定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1 .定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先 行詞之后。2 .先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3 .關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;關(guān)系副詞有 when, where, why 等。關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B、代替先行詞；C在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如：The manwhois shaking hands with myfather is a policeman. 該句中，

2、who is shaking hands with my father是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞 the man , "who'是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系 詞，代替先行詞the man ,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。(二)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)可以省略。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是班的。 Those who want to go to the museummust be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow mornin

3、g. 想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我們物理的老師。2. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财嚿险務(wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.李明正

4、是我想要見的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。 The gi rl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. Which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。Football is a game whi

5、ch is liked by mostboys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜歡夕卜國(guó)作家寫的書。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.這是他昨天買的鋼筆。 T

6、he film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒有。4. That指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who或whomi指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓 語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches onemillion.每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this mornin

7、g我今天早上看至 U 的那個(gè)人在哪兒？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。 The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。 Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了 一封來自澳大利亞的信。5. Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。 I visited a scientist whose name i

8、s known all over the country.我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be re

9、paired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow6.關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法區(qū)別(1) which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，that不能He didn ' t come back home on time, which made his father very angry.他沒有按時(shí)回家，這使他的父親很生氣。(2) which之前可以有介詞，that之前則不能有介詞This is the house in which Lu X

10、un used to live.這就是魯迅過去居住的房子。(3) that和which都指物時(shí)，以下 4種情況，用that而不用which先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代詞This is all that I want to say.這就是我想要說的。There is nothing that can terrify him.沒有什么能嚇住他。There was little that I could do for you.我不能為你做什么。先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first,

11、 last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等詞修飾This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.這是他用英語(yǔ)寫的第一篇文章。This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.這是我讀過的最好的小說。當(dāng)人和物合做先行詞時(shí)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他談了 他拜訪過的老師和參觀過的學(xué)校。在疑問詞 who, which, that開頭的句子中

12、Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate.那個(gè)在門那邊跟你講話的男人是誰(shuí)Which is the star that is nearest to the earth那一顆星星離地球最近。when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),(三)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。I know the reason why he came late.我知道他遲到的原因。 This is the place where we lived for five years.這就是我們住了五年的地

13、方。I will forget the days when I met Mr. Liu.我不會(huì)忘記遇見劉先生的那一天。注意：定語(yǔ)從句先行詞用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)詞在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)就用that, which,否則就用 where。 This is the house where he lived last year.These are the houses that/which were built 10 years ago. I ' ll never forget the days (that/which) we spent together.Do you still r

14、emember the days when we first met Can you explain to us the reason why you came lateI don ' t believe the reason which (that) he explained to us.亞卜3門餉八丫=介，+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom),注意不可加thatThis is the house where he lived last year.in whichThe gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a

15、thief.你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)紳士證實(shí)是個(gè)小偷。（四）限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1 .限制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞同先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞.關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)，去掉它意思不明確。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說明,用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，不可用 that引導(dǎo)，去掉引導(dǎo)詞不會(huì)影響主句的意思。This is the house which we bought last night.The house, which we bought last night, is very nice.2 .非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句他似乎沒有He seemed not

16、 to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upset me.領(lǐng)會(huì)我的意思，這使我非常心煩。（五）as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句多與 such 或 the same 連用，出現(xiàn)在 the sameas, such as, so as, as as 等結(jié)構(gòu)中 This is such a difficult problem as nobody can work out.that nobody can work it out.This is the same pen as I lost.這支鋼筆同我丟失的一樣。Here is so big a stone as n

17、o man can lift.這塊石頭大得沒人能搬得起。2. the same that 與the same as在意思上是不同的I have bought the same watch as you.我買了一塊和你一樣的手表。（不是同一塊）This is the same watch that I lost.這就是我丟的那塊手表。（同一塊）也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面.中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。The elephant ' s nose i

18、s like a snake, as anybody can see.As we know, smoking is harmful to the one ' s health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.注意：way后面接定語(yǔ)從句的情況。 The way thatWhich he explained to us was quite simple./ The way that in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to unde

19、rstand./關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)：()1、-Do you know the man is talking with your father-Yes , he 's our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom()2、 The girl is reading under the tree my sister.A. which ; isB. whom; wasC. who; isD. who ; was()3、Have you seen the film Titanic actors are very famousA who B who

20、se C that D whom()4、A child parents are dead is called an orphan.A which B his C whose D with()5、This is the reason he told me.A thatB、why C 、on which D 、for that()6、Do you know the scientist gave us a talk just nowA. who B. whom C. which D. whose()7、This is the dictionary Mum gave me for my birthda

21、y.A. which B. what C. whose D. whom()8、Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes thevisitors both at home and abroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what()9. Beijing is the 29th city holds the Olympic Games.A. where B. that C. which D. what()10. Have you read the book I gave you yesterdayA. that B. when C. where()11. The man came to our party with a present is my old friend.A. when B. which C. who()12. I like writers write short stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who()13. This is the question we are talking about now.A. that B. who C. where