高中英語動名詞精講及鞏固提升練習(有答案)

1、動名詞一、考點分析非謂語動詞之動名詞是高考的一個重難點，常以語法填空和翻譯的形式出現(xiàn)。二、專題詳解一、定義：動名詞是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非限定動詞。它可以支配賓語，也能被副詞修飾。動名 詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。二、動名詞的句法功能動名詞具有名詞的性質，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。1 .動名詞作主語(1)直接位于句首做主語。例如：Running is good for your health.(2)用it作形式主語，把動名詞(真實主語)置于句尾作后置主語。動名詞做主語時，不太常用it作先行主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。這種用 法在習慣句型中常用。如：It is no use/

2、no good crying over spilt milk.覆水難收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.勸說這樣的人加入真是浪費時間。It was hard gettmg on tlie crowded street car.上這種擁擠的車真難。It is fun playing with children.和孩子們一起玩真好.There is no jokuig about such matters.對這種事情不是開玩笑。注意：important, essential, necessary7等形容詞不能用于上述

3、結構c(3)用于"herebe”結構中.例如:There is no saying when he'll come.很難說他何時回來。（4）用于布告形式的省略結構中。例如：No smokuig （ =No smoking is allowed （here）.禁止吸煙No parking.禁止停車（5）動名詞的復合結構作主語當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€名詞或代詞的所有格，構成動名 詞的復合結構（這時，名詞或代詞的所有格做動名詞的邏輯主語）。動名詞的復合結構也可以 在句中作主語。Their coining to help was a great encoura

4、gement to us.注意：動名詞作后置主語不定式作主語時，?？梢杂肐t作形式主語，而將真正的不定式主語后置C但動名詞作 后置主語的情況比較少見，一般限于名詞fun, good, luck, joy, use, pleasure或形容詞foolish, wonderful, good, nice, interesting, useless, worth 等作表語時，才用 it 作形式主語，將真正 的動名詞主語后置。如：It is no use telling him the truth.常用動名詞作主語的句型有:'a waste of time （浪費）no good/use （沒

5、有用處）< >It is/was + useless/senseless （沒有用處） doing.】ardly any good/use （幾乎沒worthwhile （有價值、值得）<110 （無法）no sense in （沒道理）<fThere is/was + no point/possibility 61（沒意義）domg .no good/use in （沒用處）notliing worse than （沒有比更糟糕的）但 Tliere is no need for sb to do sth.注意：動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較1 .動詞不定式和動名

6、詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動名詞多用來表示泛指的，抽 象的，習慣性的，經常性的動作。不定式多用來表示特指或具體的，一次性的動作。比較:Smoking is not good for healtli.It is not good for you to smoke so much.To swim today is a good idea.Eatmg too much is bad for your health.2 .在口語中，用動名詞作主語位于句首的較不定式多見。3 .在“It is no use.”, "It is no good "It is fim ,“It i

7、s a waste of time ''等句型中,通常用動 名詞作真實主語：It is no use/good a waste of tmie talkuig about that.4 .在疑問句中，通常用動名詞的復合結構，而不用不定式的復合結構作主語：Does your saying that mean anything to him95 .在"Therebe'句型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語：There is no telling what will happen.It is impossible to tell what will happen

8、.6.當句子中的主語和表語都是非限定動詞時，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語和表語在形式上要求統(tǒng)一： Seemg is believing.2.動名詞作賓語（1）作動詞的賓語只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞:避免錯過（少）延期avoid, miss, delay / postpone建議完成（多）練習suggest / advise, finish, practise喜歡想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate. imagine, resist/can't help承認否定（與）嫉妒admit, deny, emy逃脫冒險（莫）原諒保持忍受（不）介意escape / emy, risk, pard

9、on / excusekeep / keep on, stand, mmdWould you mind giving me a cup of coffee?既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語的動詞：（意義上有區(qū)別）forget to do sth.忘記去做某事forget domg sth.忘記己經做過某事remember to do sth.記住去做某事remember domg sth.記得曾經做過某事regret to do sth.后悔/遺憾去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做過某事stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事stop domg sth.停止做一

10、件事情try to do sth.努力/試圖做某事try domg stli.嘗試著做某事mean to do stli,意欲/想/企圖做某事mean doing sth.意味著做某事go on to do sth.(做完某事)接著做另一件事go on domg sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事(=go on witli sth.)can't help to do sth.不能幫助做某事can't help domg sth.情不自禁地做某事在動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代 詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語

11、。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.We don't allow smokmg here.We don't allow students to smoke.動詞need、require, want作“需要”解時，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形 式作賓語，表示事情需要做。這時動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。need / require / want doing = need / require / want to be done

12、This window needs repairmg / to be repaired.(2)作介詞的賓語We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我們正考慮為下學期制定新的計劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to domg our work?我們休息呢還是開始干活？(3)作形容詞的賓語The music is well worth listenmg to more than once.這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍。We are busy preparmg for die coninig spor

13、ts meet.我們正為馬上到來的運動會忙著做準備。3 .動名詞作表語動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。表語 動名詞與主語通常是對等的關系，表示主語的內容，主語、表語可互換位置。My job is teaching.你的任務就是擦窗戶。(Teachmg is yoiirjob.)What I hate most is beuig lauglied at.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)動名詞作表語，容易與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相混淆。記?。簞用~表語表達的是“某件事” (與不定式短語的意義

14、相近)，而現(xiàn)在分詞表語表示“具有某個作用”。1) The situation is very much encouraging.(現(xiàn)在分詞)形勢非常令人鼓舞。2) His present job is not that stimulating as he expected.(現(xiàn)在分詞)他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。4 .動名詞作定語動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：a walking stick = a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing niachme=a inachme for wasliin

15、g=a inachme which is used for washmga readmg room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readmga measuring tape=a tape for measiiring=a tape which is used for measuringsleeping pills=pills for sleepmg=pills which is used for sleeping5 .動名詞作賓語補足語動名詞可作動詞的賓語補足語Can we call tliis serving maiikmd?這能叫

16、為人類服務嗎？I call this robbmg Peter to pay Paul.我管這叫拆東墻補西墻。二.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)語態(tài)式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式domgbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式not +動名詞時態(tài) 1、動名詞一般式：doing表示的動作通常是一般性動作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在或將來的動作，或是與謂 語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的動作。如：I hate talking with such people.我討厭與這樣的人說話。Being careless is not a good habit.粗心不是一個好習慣。2

17、、動名詞的完成式：having done表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前。如：I don't remember having met hmi before.我記不得以前見過他。Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help.謝謝你費力幫忙。語態(tài)動名詞的邏輯主語同時也是動名詞動作的承受者，動名詞用被動語態(tài)。1、一般式的被動語態(tài)：being done它的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，或在其前發(fā)生。如:I don't like being laughed at in public.在公共場合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。2、一

18、般式的被動語態(tài)：having been done它的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂i吾動詞之前。如：I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal.我很高興你能獲得這樣的獎牌。注意：（1）我們常用動名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，這似乎是 一種強大的語言習慣。如：Excuse me for being late.我來晚了請你原諒。I don't remember ever meeting somewhere.我記不得原來在什么地方見過。Thank you for giving us so much

19、help.謝謝給我們這么大的幫助。（2）在多數情況下都避免使用動名詞被動語態(tài)完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累 贅，尤其是在口語中。如：I forget once being taken （having been taken ） to the city zoo.我曾被帶到過這個動物園，可我忘了。（3）動名詞被動語態(tài)一般式與現(xiàn)在分詞被動語態(tài)一般式同形，但無進行意義，being不可 省略。如：She is afraid of being taken to the public.她怕被領到大眾而前。三.動名詞的復合結構帶有邏輯主語的動名詞稱為動名詞的復合結構。當動名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一

20、致時，要在動名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構成了動名詞的復合結構。其中物 主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動名詞復合結構在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當于一個主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。1 .作主語Her coining to help encouraged all of us.他來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。(=Tliat she came to help encouraged all of us.)Jane,s bemg careless caused so much trouble.簡的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。(=Tliat Jane was carele

21、ss caused so much trouble.)What's troublmg them is their not having enougli food.煩擾他們的是食物不足 o (=What's troubling them is that they have not enough food.)2 .作賓語動名詞的復合結構作賓語時，物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來 代替，但在句首作主語時不能這樣來代替。如：Would you mind my/me rising your computer?用下你的電腦介意嗎？The father insisted

22、on his son&his son going to college.爸爸堅決要求兒子上大學。Mary's (不可用 Mary) bemg ill made her mother upset.瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。His (彳：可NJ Him)smokuig made liis family angry.他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。注意：在下列情況下動名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語：1 .無命名詞The baby was made awake by die door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被猛烈的關門聲吵醒。2 .有生命名詞但表示泛指意

23、義Have you ever heard of women practicing boxing?你聽說過婦女練拳擊嗎？3 .兩個以上的有生命名詞并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this?你記得你父母和我都告訴過你這事嗎？四、常見題型：1）動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞為單數2）在動名詞和不定式中，作為介詞的賓語是動名詞3）動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞，通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語例：I would appreciate back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C.

24、 you calling D. you,re calling （Key： C：換成 your calling 也對）4）有些詞后只能接動名詞admit; appreciate; avoid： celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; eiyoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain: fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help: hinder; imagine;

25、 it involves; keep; it means; mention; mmd: imss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent： recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand.5）另外還有一些接ing形式的常用說法it's no good; it's no/little/liardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend mon

26、ey/time: there's no; there's no pomt m： there's notlung worse than; what's the use/point.6）有些詞后面加不定式和動名詞均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on. cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意義截然不容。例：remember to do/doing：（Di remembered to post the letters.（指未來/過去未來將要做的動作）I remembered postmgliaving posted

27、 the letters.（我記得做過這個動作）forget與remember的用法類似。regret的用法：I regret to inform you tliat.（我很遺憾地通知你）I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（為 了“二十年前的離開”而遺憾 ° ）try to （努力）與 try+-ing （試驗）：IYou really must try to overcome your shyness.Try practicing five hours a day.五、動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的同與不同動名詞它在形式上與

28、現(xiàn)在分詞相同，都是在動詞原形的詞末加-mg。在現(xiàn)代語法中，這兩種 形式同視為"-mg形式“。這兩種形式的另一個相同之處是：它們都是由動詞變化而成的， 它們都保留了動詞的某些特征，它們都能帶自己的賓語、狀語，而構成動名詞短語或是現(xiàn)在 分詞短語去擔當句子成分。例如：Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerfill.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作狀語）他在公眾場 所講話時總是興高采烈的。She hates speakuig m the pubhc.（動名詞短語，作賓語）她不喜歡在公眾場所講話。區(qū)別：1、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用于系動詞之

29、后作表語，區(qū)別方法是：作表語的動名詞與主語指的是同一件事，此時系動詞相當于“是”，通常把主語和表語的位 置互換，語法和意思不變,例如：My hobby is swimming.可改為Swimming is my hobby.(可將原句中的主語1 j表語位置互換)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語主要用以說明主語的性質，不能與主語互換位置,例如：Tlie stoty is mterestmg .不可改為Interesting is the story.2、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語來修飾名詞，兩者的區(qū)別在于：動名詞修飾名詞時主要表示該名詞的用途，而現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞時性質、狀態(tài)或動作等。試比 較： a swimm

30、ing boy 和 a swimming suit前者的意思是“一個正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swimming，現(xiàn)在分詞swiiimiing表示被 修飾名詞boy的動作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣"，即a suit for swimming ,動名詞swimming表 示suit的用途。a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一個正在睡覺的孩子''，即a cluld who is sleepmg，現(xiàn)在分詞sleepmg表示被修 飾名詞child正處于的狀態(tài);而后者的意思是“臥車(被用來睡覺的車廂)'

31、9;，即a car winch is used for sleeping ,動名詞 sleeping 表示 car 的用途。三、課堂練習一.選擇1. Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined2.1 really appreciate to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A) you t

32、o offer B) that you offer C) your offering D) that you are oSermg3. The tliief took away the woman's wallet without。A) being seenB) seeing C) him seeingD) seeing lum4. No one can avoid by advertisements cA) to be influenced B) being influenced C) influencing D)having influenced5. They are consid

33、ermg before die prices go upoA) of buying the house B) with buying the houseC) buying the house D) to buy the house6. If I had remembered the door, the thmgs would not have been stolen aA) to lock B) locking C) to have locked D) shavingslocked7. My transistor radio isn't workings It,A) need repa

34、iring B) needs to repairC) needs repairing D) need to be repaired8. It is no use me not to worry A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told9. He is very busy liis papers。 He is far too busy callers<.A) to write ： to recen-eB) writing ： to receiveC) writing ： receivingD) to

35、write ； fbrreceiving10. The suspect at last admitted stolen goods but denied thenicA) receivingsellingB) to receive.to sellC) to receivingto selling D) to have receivedto have sold11. She apologized for to comeoA) her not being able B ) her being not ableC) not bemg ableD) that she's not able to

36、12. Please stop, boys, I have something miportant to you。A) saying .talk B) telling .say C ) talkmg .speak D) talking . tell13. Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty liis tape recorder ?A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix14.1 remember to help us if we ever got in trouble oA) once

37、 offering B) him once offering C) hmi to offer D) to offer him15. Jolm regretted to die meeting last week.A) not going B) not to go C) not having been going D) not to be going16. Do you feel like out or would you ratlier duiner at home?A) going.to have B) to go.to haveC) to go.havingD) goinghave17.

38、We had some trouble the house and nobody seemed where it was,A) in finding.knowingB) fiiidmg.to knowC) to find.knowingD) to find.to know19. It is no good remember grammatical rules。You need to practise what you have learnedA) trying to B ) to try to C) try to D) tried to20.1 don't like at meoA)

39、them laughing B) their laugli C) them laugh D) tliein to have lauglied21. We suggested in hotels but the children were anxious outoA) sleeping to campB) sleeping .campingC) to sleep .to campD) to sleep .camping22. The match was cancelled because most of the members a match witliout a standard court。

40、A) objected to having B) were objected to haveC) objected to haveD) were objected to having23. After him better, I regrettedhim unfairlyoA) getting to know. to judge B ) getting to know. to have judgedC) getting to have know. .judging D) getting to knowhaving judged24. He is looking forward to his h

41、oliday in Britain。A) spend B ) have spent C) spending D) having been speiidmg25. 'Why were you so late for work today?i to die office was very slow this morningbecause of die traffic.A) Driving B) I drove C) To drive D) That I drove26. It was impolite of liun without good_bye 0A) to leave, sayin

42、g B) leaving, to say C) to leave> to say D) leaving, saying27. He kept to his parentsoA) putting off to writeB) to put off to write C ) puttmg off writing D) to put offwriting28.1 really appreciate to relax witli you on this nice island.A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to hav

43、ing tmie29. Fishing is his fhvonte hobby, and .A. he'd like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coms, tooC. to collect coins is also liis hobbyD. collectmg coins also gives hini great pleasure30. to sunliglit for too much time will do harm to one's skin.A. Exposed B. Having e

44、xposed C. Bemg exposed D. After being exposed31. The discovery of new evidence led to.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief bemg caught D. tlie tliief to be caught32. die meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. Tlie president will attend B. The president to att

45、endC. Tlie president attended D. Tlie president's attending33. Victor apologized for to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. liis not bemg able D. him to be not able34. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn，t risk the good opportu

46、nity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost35. Accustomed to die steep mountains, he had no difficulty reachmg the top.A. climbing B. climb C. having climbed D. have climed36. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no use with him.A. to argue B. arguing C. argued

47、 D. having argued37. Tlie parents suggested in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp outdurmg the trip.A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleepmg D. having slept38. All the staff in our company are considermg to the city centre for the fashion show.A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone二

48、.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. It's no use(complam) without taking action.2. Lydia doesn't feel like(study) abroad. Her parents are old.3. . (expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin.4. She is afraid of(take) to the public.5. Mary's(come) late made her motlier angry.四、課后作業(yè)Section ADii ections: Afte

49、r readmg the passages below, fill in die blanks to make the passages coherent and granmiatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of die given word; for die other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gordon was hungry. He opened the refr

50、igerator, 25 tliere used to be much food beforehis wife left him. Tliere must be 26 in here to eat, he thouglit. Now, however, there was asingle hot dog.After 27(take) it out of its package, he put a small frying pan onto the stove's gas burner He ninied on the heat. Then he poured a little bit

51、of vegetable oil mto the pan. He sliced die hot dog in half lengthwise. 28 die oil got hot, he put the two halves in the pan. About29 minute later he flipped each half over. After another minute, he took the hot dog out ofdie pan.Gordon put two slices of bread mto the toaster. Tins was tasty and hea

52、lthy bread. The first mgredient 30(list) was orgaiuc sprouted wheat. The first ingredient in ordinary bread is usually unbleached flourWhen the toast popped up. he put mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup on one slice. Then he added two slices of onion. 31 top of the onions, he placed the hot dog. On to

53、p of the hot dog,he put a couple of slices of apple. Then he added some bits of hot green chile, and then put the top piece of toast onto die chile bits.32 a sandwich, he thought, as he sat down 33(eat).(B)Sara needed to see the doctor She had an upset stomach. She felt bloated, and needed to pass g

54、as every muiute or so. This was terrible. She 34 hardly go anywhere in public.Her friends told her it was 35 she had moved to America. The air, water and food inAmerica weren't agreeing with her. Tliey said she would have to renim to her home country.'No way," Sara said. She didn't

55、want to go home. She liked America. Tliis was a ninior problem she was sure. Any good doctor would solve it m no time. Tvvo days later, she saw her doctor. He asked her if she drank milk. She said yes. tliree glasses a day.“Don't drink any 36 (much) regular imlk. Start driiiknig lactose-free nii

56、lk, because lactose can upset your stomach/*Then he asked her 37 there were any big problems in her life. She said that her boyfriend was a big problem. He wanted to get married, 38 she didnt. Tlie doctor said thatshe should break up with her boyfriend and find 39."Why?" Sara asked.Because

57、 your boyfriend 40(give) you too much stress. He is probably the main cause of yoiir upset stomach.HHI don't think my boyfriend is going to like that/*“Just tell him if he really loves you, he should leave you.”Section BDiiections: Complete the following passage by using die words in the box. Ea

58、ch word can only be used once. Note tliat there is one word more than you need.A. dip B. common C. desired D. addition E. embarrassingF. carefiilly G. muddy H. fed I. accessJ. raisingK. benefitDucks offer certain advantages over hens. Ducks are immune to some 41 diseases found in hens. Some breeds of duck produce bigger eggs than he