名詞性從句詳細講解及練習題

1、學習必備歡迎下載高中英語從句大全一.名詞性從句起名詞性作用的從句叫名詞性從句英語當中具名詞性作用的成分有主語，賓語，表語，同位語，當這些成分有一個句子來代替就構 成了名詞從句，主要有主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句。1.表語從句1.定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。(be動詞，四 變得"：become, get,turn, go;感官動詞 look, smell,sound , taste, feel; 及 grow, turn out,appear, keep 等)引導表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if) ;關系代詞 who, what

2、, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等；關系副詞 when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞由be, look, remain, seem 等。The trouble is that we are short of money.That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.At that time, it seeme

3、d as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow2、由從屬連詞that , whether引導的表語從句。that在引導表語從句時無詞義，在口語中，間或可以省略。而 whether有詞義，意為、 "是否"。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如 question , trouble , problem等。表語 從句對主句主語進行說明、解釋，使主語的內容具體化。The trouble is that I have lost his addressThe question is whether they will be ab

4、le to help us.問題是他們是否能幫我們。The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.The question is whether we need more ice cream.The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.What she could not understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.3、由關系代詞引導的表語從句。關系代詞 who, what

5、, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等引導表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關系代詞不能省略。The question is whichof us should go.The problem was who could do the work.That's what he is worrying about.That's what we should do.The problem is who we can get to replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The ques

6、tion is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。4、由關系副詞引導的表語從句。Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That' s why I got wet through.That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.That

7、 is what he is worried about.5、由連詞 because , as if/as though等引導的表語從句。He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前樣。注：從屬連詞if 一般不用來引導表語從句，但as if卻可引導表語從句，如：All this was over twenty years ago , but it ' s as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seemi, look等

8、。如：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。It looked as if it was going to snow.That's because we never thought of it.It seems as if he didn ' t know the answer.另外，在一些表示“建議、 勸說、命令" (suggestion , proposal , order , plan, advice, request, idea )的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示，sh

9、ould可省略。如：My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.She denied the doctor's proposal that she (should ) quit smoking .My suggestion is that we ( should ) start early tomorrow.我的建議是我明天早就出發(fā)。1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. wheth

10、er2. The reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It ' s you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4. The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get

11、5. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That iswe were late last time.A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though9. I fell si

12、ck!-I think it is you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasn ' t come is.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother ' s being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. - He was born here.-That is he likes the place so much.A. t

13、hat B. what C. why D.how12.That is Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. where C. that D.whythat/what的區(qū)別1. your father wants to know is getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That ; how you areC. How ; that you areD. What ; how you are2. The trouble is we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. ho

14、w D. why that3. America was was first called“India " by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer.A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be5 .he really means is he d

15、isagrees with us.A. WhatthBtThat whatC. What whatD. That what6 . The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D.such1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is that you had a few days off ?A. why B .what C. when D. where2. .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbr

16、ella I got wet through.A. It ' s the reasonThat ' s why. There ' s whD. It ' s how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what4. - Are you still thin king about yesterday ' s game? -Oh, that ' s.A. what makes me feel

17、excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which二，主語從句引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞有三類：1）從屬連詞：that, whether 等.that引導主語從句只起引導作用，本身無實際意義，在主語從句中不充當任何成分, 但不能省略。That they

18、 were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。Whether he ' ll come here isn他是否cea這里還不清楚。That he will win is certain.他肯定會贏。注意：當用it做形式主語，從句可由if或者 whether引導，若從句謂語句首此時只能whether,If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：It was doubtful if Mary real

19、ly heard the news.正:Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.由that引導的主語從句有時為了使句子結構平衡，避免 頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，而把從句放在后面.常以it作形式主語的句型有：It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful , funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) +that 從句。如：It is certain that she will do well in h

20、er exam.毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。.It+be+名詞詞組 (no wonder, an honor, a good thing , a pity, no surprise, etc.) +that 從句。如：It ' s a pity that we can 很遺幡我們不能去。It ' s no surprise that our team should have won the game;們沒贏這場比賽真意夕卜。.It+be+過去分詞(said, repor

21、ted, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) +that 從句。如：It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據說格林先生已經到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.據報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。.It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語 +that從句。如：It seems that Alice is not comin

22、g to the party at all.Alice 似乎不來參加晚會。It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。.It+doesn ' t mattemakes no difference , etc.) +連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。 如：It doesn ' t mattehether she will come or not.她是否來這無關緊要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)另1J。.當that引導的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑

23、問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week ? 下周那位科學家將給我們作報 告是真的嗎？Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow ? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎？.當主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時，要以 it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：How strange it is that the children are so quiet !孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！2)連接代詞 who ,what , which,

24、 whatever, whichever, whoever(Who, whom, which, what可以和ever構成合成詞，和 what 一樣引導從句，ever起到強調作用。此類主語從句不能用形式主語it引導，它們在句子中擔任成分，不能省略，語序為陳述語序)What many scientists believe is that the earth is round Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Which student wil

25、l win is uncertain.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.3)連接副詞 where, when, how, why.如:Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.When they will leave is not decided.Where she is from is unknown.How we will paint the house has not been decide

26、d.What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰來者B歡迎。Wherever you are is my homemy only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家我唯的家。2.注意連接代詞 whoever, whatever, whichever等引導主語從句的含義。Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who ) 來的人將受

27、至U歡迎。Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正確的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who ) 你們當 中不論 哪個進來將會得到獎Exercise填空1 .(is needed for success) is your hard work.2 .(they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.3 .(we will go tomorrow )hasn

28、' t been decided yet.4 .(can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.5 .(it will rain or not) is not clear.6 .you don ' t like him is none of my business.7 .he said at the meeting astonished everybody present8 .the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.9 .we &

29、#39; ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.10 . leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.11 . (她是否出席會議)is not certain.改錯1. Where shall we spend the holiday isn't decided.2. You have made a mistake is a fact.3. If the policeman will come is not certain.4. That is certain that we

30、can win.5. It is ordered we should leave at once.6. Where he comes from are a mystery.7. What whether he likes the job is not clear.8. Who he is and where he is from is important.9. What he saw is the stars in the sky.選擇1 .makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2 . It

31、 worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for3 .When and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known4.is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a

32、 few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late5 .Tom liked to eat was different fromA. That - that you had expectedB. What -that you had expectedC. That what you had expectedD. What what you had expected6 .we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. Ifdoes D. That.does7.1 t Bob dri

33、ves badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8.1 t's uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9 .the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10 .we can't get seems better than we have.A.

34、What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11 .you don't like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12.1. e'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13.is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B

35、. Why C. How D. Who14 .we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15 .he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16 .the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17 . .you

36、come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18.1. akes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19.1. eam will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20.1. eaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C

37、. Whoever D. Who答案：15 CBACD 610DDCAA1115 CBDAC 1620 BDCAC1. It didn ' t surprise us at all he was post to Hong Kong.A) why B) how C) what D) that6. It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out theatmosphere today.A) that B) that what C) what D) how11.his failure li

38、es is expected clear to us.A) What to makeB) How madeC) Where to be madeD) Why making7. we' ll go camping tomorrow has kept us all excited the whole day.A)-lf B) Whether C) That D) Where1.1 t ' s known to us all a form of energy .A. water isB. that water is C.is water D. that water to2 . It

39、worried her a bither hair was turning gray.A. whether B. that C. what D. when3 .What I say and think none of your business.A. is B. are C. has D have三.賓語從句1 .定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2 .構成：關聯(lián)詞+簡單句。3 .引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞有三類：(1)從屬連詞that.如：He told us that he felt ill.他對我們說他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已經回來了。注：that在引

40、導賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that不能省略。1 .Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and 連接兩個賓語從句，that賓語從句放在and的后面時，that不能省略。)大家都會看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。2 .I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. (that 引導的賓語從句作介詞賓 語時，that不能省略。)對他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。3 .That he ever said su

41、ch a thing I simply don'. K beaeVe句位于句首時，that 不可省略。)我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。4 .We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語動詞與 that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。)鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應允他一段試用期。(2)從屬連詞if/whether.如：I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會成功。I don '

42、; t know if you can help m或不知道你能否幫助我。3)連接代詞 who, whom , whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why.Who or what he was , Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。I wonder what he ' s writing to me about不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。I ' ll tell you why I asked you to come.我會告

43、訴你我為什么要你來。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。復合連接代詞在賓語從句中的使用。如：Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. (whoever= anyone who / any person who)These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them. (whatever= anything that)It is generally considered unwise to

44、 give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever在止匕處是泛指，不可被 what 替代。而 "I can ' t remember at the moment who has said the words. 中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成 whoever。(1)介詞賓語從句賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I a

45、m curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。有時介詞可以省略。如：I don ' t care f for) who marries him.我不管誰跟他結婚。Be careful (as to) how you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。解釋：1 .如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：We thought it str

46、ange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我們認為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不會屈服。2 .作介詞的賓語：連詞 that引導的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在 except, but, in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導，則需用it先行一步，作形式賓語。如：He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一個好學生，只是有點粗心。You may rely on it that I s

47、hall help you.你可以指望我會幫助你的。介詞賓語不可以用 which來引導，而要用 what來引導。如：Are you sorry for what you ' ve done你為你所做的一切感到內疚嗎？3 .某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain,pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等, 連詞 that 可省略。如：I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。I' m afraid you don '

48、t understand what I said.恐怕你沒領會我說的意思。I ' m surprised that I didn ' t see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前沒看到過。Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。4 .連詞 whether (or not)或if引導的賓語從句if和whether引導的賓語從句可以互換使用，但whether常和or not連用，if 一般不與or not連用。如：I wonder whether it i

49、s true or not.我不知它是真是彳民。用if引導賓語從句如果會引起歧義，應避免使用if而用wheter.試比較：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if從句可理解為賓語從句，意為清告訴我你是否想去”；此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為如果你想去的話，請告訴我一聲5 . it作形式賓語，從句作真正賓語。(1) 動詞 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause 。 thatclause 中謂語動詞前

50、可 加should,亦可省略。如：I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.(2) 動詞+ it + as +名詞/形容詞 + clause。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.(3)動詞 + it + 介詞 + thatclause。常見的有:owe it to sb. + thatclause (把歸功于某人),leave it to sb. + thatclause (把留給某人去做),

51、take it for granted + thatclause (想當然)，keep it in mind + thatclause (記住)。如：I just took it for granted that he' d always be around.(4) 動詞 + it + clause。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.英語中少數(shù)介詞很活躍，能帶從句作其賓語。如： I go to see a film except when it rains.3 .含賓語從句的反意疑問句。當陳述部分帶有that引導的賓

52、語從句時，疑問部分的主語和謂語一般應與陳述部分主句的主 語和謂語保持對應關系。如：Brian told you that there wasn' t anyone in the room at that time, didn' t he?當陳述部分主句的主語是第一人稱，謂語動詞是think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine/ expect / suspect / feel等時，疑問部分的主語和謂語往往與陳述部分從句中的主語和謂語保 持對應關系，此時實質上是將對主句的否定轉移到對從句的否定上。如：I don ' t think y

53、ou are right認為你錯了。I don ' t believe they have finished their work y峨相信他們還未完成他們的工作。I don ' t suppose he caredoes he? 我想他不在意，是嗎？I don ' t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?4 .兩個及以上表示陳述的賓語從句并列時，第一個連詞that可以省略，但第二個及以后的不可省。如：He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that th

54、ey asked my advice.5 .主語 + be + 形容詞 + clause。如：I'm afraid that I can ' t promise you anything.6 .賓語從句的時態(tài)變化規(guī)律：(1)當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句可根據需要用任何時態(tài)。(2)當主句是一般過去時態(tài)時，從句只能使用過去范圍內的任何時態(tài)。但客觀真理除 外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽運行。(1) I don' t know or not .A . whether he is a

55、t home B . if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on the weather is fine .A. whichB. whetherC.ifD. that(3) The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. whichB. where C. ifD. that(4) I don't know Mr. Green will come to see us. He'll help us with

56、 our English .A. whyB. when C. howD. where(5) Be careful ! Don' t break the bottles. Do you hear I said? David?Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) Do you know Mr Black ' s address is?He may live at NO . 18 or No . 19 of Bridge Street . I' m not sure of.A. where, whichB. where, what C

57、. what, which D. what, where There is not much difference between the two . I really don' t know.A . what should I chooseB. which I should chooseC. which should I chooseD. what I should choose(1) Did you find out?A . she was looking for whose child C. whose child she is looking for(2) Are you interested in?B. whose child was she looking for D. whose child she was looking forA . how did he do itB. he did it howC. how he did it D . he how did it(3) I don' t knowCan you tell me?A . how the two players are old C. the two players are how oldB . how old are the two