初中英語(yǔ)句子成分講解_練習(xí)及答案優(yōu)選稿

1、初中英溺 5F成分講解練習(xí)及答案內(nèi)部編號(hào)：(YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYP0128), 一-LiA vk. *. MBI-句子成分及基本句型一、考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)）、表 語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。（一）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí) O 一般 由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：（1） Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名詞作主語(yǔ)）（2） He reads newspapers every day. （代詞作主語(yǔ)）（3

2、） Smoking is harmful to the health.（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）（4） To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）（5） What we should do is not yet decided.（主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)）（二）謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么” “是什么”或“怎么樣” O謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的 詞）何須是動(dòng)詞I。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語(yǔ)后面。如：His parents are teachers.（系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)）We study hard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）We don t finis

3、h reading the book. （助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作 謂語(yǔ)）He can speak English. （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）（三）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ) 來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一般放在謂語(yǔ)之后。She is doing her homework now.（名詞作賓語(yǔ)）She says （that） she is ill.（賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）We often help him.（代詞作賓語(yǔ)）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）We enjoy listening to

4、the music.我們喜歡聽音樂。（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓 語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明1：賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介 詞后面的名詞或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱為介詞賓語(yǔ)。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng) 詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ);動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句也可用 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。 直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語(yǔ)隨物,間接賓語(yǔ)通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng) 作所及的人，間接賓語(yǔ)麻。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語(yǔ)。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如：give, show （給看），bring, pass, buy 等。

5、如： （1） Our teacher tells us astory.（2） The sun gives us light.間接賓語(yǔ)如果放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后,在表示“人”的間接賓語(yǔ)之前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“t?！?或 “for間接賓語(yǔ)前加“t?！钡挠校篻ive, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise （答應(yīng)）,refuse （拒絕）等。間接賓語(yǔ)加“f?！钡挠校簃ake, buy, do, get, play, order （命令）, sing, pay 等（1） I give

6、 him a book. 改成：（2 ） He passes me the book.（他將書遞給我。） 改成：（3） He writes me a letter. 改成：（4） He will buy me some books. 改成：（5） She is making me a cake.已攵成：（四）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分,稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。名 詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ) 和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如：They make her happy.（形容詞）I see her dance.（不定式）We 11 hel

7、p you to make the Olympics a success.（名詞）Please let him in.（副詞）We heard her singing a song.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（五）表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、 不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。如：I am a teacher.（名詞）He is always happy.（形容詞）They are on the playground now.（介詞短語(yǔ)）It gets cold.（形容詞） Be 動(dòng)詞（am, is, are, was, were）系動(dòng)司

8、 表保持（keep, stay, remain） 表改變（get, become, turn） 、感官動(dòng)詞（feel, sound （聽起來(lái)），seem/look （看起來(lái)），taste （嘗起來(lái)），smell （聞起來(lái)）如：It sounds interesting, （sound 為系動(dòng)詞，interesting 為表語(yǔ)）We should all remain careful. Remain （為系動(dòng)詞， careful 為表 語(yǔ)）（六）定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不 等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等。單個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：

9、The black bike is mine.（形容詞）What s your name?（代詞）They make paper flowers.（名詞）說(shuō)明1:當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞:nothing, anything, everything, something等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)在不定代詞后面。如：I tell him somethinginteresting. （形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定 語(yǔ)）He has something to do.（to do為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明2： 語(yǔ)或從句祚定語(yǔ)時(shí),也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：The boys in the ro

10、om are in Class Four. （in the room 是 介詞短語(yǔ)作the boys的后置定語(yǔ)。）（七）狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、 程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。 狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：He did it carefully.（副詞）We often help him.（副詞）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介詞短語(yǔ)） When I grow up, I am going to be a teache

11、r.（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） He sits there.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）【簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型】A.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（主謂）如：The sun rises. 太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)。The car stopped.小汽車停下來(lái)了。rise和stop都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此后邊不必加賓語(yǔ)。B.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（主謂賓）如：I love my country.He helps me. I like actionmovies. I buy a book.C.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（主系表）如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy, （feel為系動(dòng)詞,表示感到）It gets d

12、ark.天黑了。（get為系動(dòng)詞，表示變得）Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look為系動(dòng)詞，表不看上去， 看起來(lái)）D.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)）（主謂+宜賓+間賓） 如：He gives Tom a present.（雙賓語(yǔ)）他給湯姆一件禮物。Mother make a new dress for me.（雙賓語(yǔ)）媽媽為我做了一件衣服。E.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)） 如：They call her Mary.（賓補(bǔ)） 他們叫她 Mary。We make our classroom clean and tidy.（賓補(bǔ)）我們使我們的

13、教室干凈而整齊。He always makes us laugh.（賓補(bǔ)）他總使我們笑。二、典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much,5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane s sister.6. She didn t come to my party because she was ill.7. Wan

14、g Ping does his homework carefully,8. We will go to the Childrenf s Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good,11. His name is Paul,12. We always go to school early.三、課后練力一（一）挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)My brotherdoesn tdohis homework.A B C D（2）Peoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish.AB CD You must

15、pay?goodattentiontoyourpronunciation.A BC D How many new?wordsdoyoulearnA B C D Some of the?studentsin the school wantto go swimming, howaboutyouABCD（二）挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)The old manisfeelingverytired. Why is?heworriedaboutJimA B C DThe?leaveshavetur口edyellow.A B C D Soon?TheyalIbecome interestedin the subjec

16、t.ABC D She?isthe firstto learnabout it.A B C D（三）挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)（T）TheyuseMr, Mrs. with thefamilyname. A BCDWhat i syourg i vermame A B C D On the?thirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am?afraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor.ABCDThe mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D（四）挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She?likesthe

17、 childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading- room.（四贏還下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) He?asksherto take the boyout of school.AB CD She?finditdifficultto do th work.ABCD They?callmeLilysometimes.ABC DIsawMr. Wangget on the bus.AB CD（五）挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)Thereisa big smileon her face.a b c dEvery nightheheardthe noiseupstair

18、s.AB C D He?beganto learnEnglishwhen he was eleven.A B CDThe manon the motorbikeis travelling!:。fast.F BC d-With the medicine box under her arm, MissLihurried off.AB C D（六）劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)J）和間接賓語(yǔ)（） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history nex

19、t term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Does he leave any message for me?（七）分析下列句子的句子成分1. They are working on the farm now.2. Seeing is believing.3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much.4. She became a doctor in 199&5. The book lying on the floor are mine.6. Suddenly it began to rain.7. To catch the

20、train, 工 got up early yesterday.8. I always find her happy.9. He wonders 9f Istill study English,10. The letter which I received the day before yesterday was friend of mine.11. We always work hard at English.12. He said he didnt come.13. They love each other.14. What did you buy15. She watched her d

21、aughter playing the piano.16. Your job today is to help the old.17. Speaking doesnt mean doing,18. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20. It takes me an hour to get there. 劃分苞子成與Q二一1. Our school

22、is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.7. I love you more than her, child 8. Tees turn green when spring come

23、s.9. They pushed the door open.10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one.14. He asked us to sing an English song.15. Dont get nervoust help you

24、rself to what you like. 劃分句子成分練習(xí)題（2）（一）指出下例句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today，s homework without the teachers help is very difficult. （二）選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞 I dont li

25、ke the picture on the wall.A.dont B. likeC.pictureD. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B longerC.daysD.summer Do you usually gotoschoolbybus?A.Do B usuallyC.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did t

26、he twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn，t C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in

27、 music.A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book（三）挑出下列句中日賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework.AB C D People all over the world speak English.A B CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last cl

28、ass?_A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about youABCD The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill._B C D They made him monitor of the class._ T B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.a bc d You will find rt useful after you leave scho

29、ol._A B C D They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.A B CD（四）挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) The old man was feeling very tired.A B CD Why is he worried about JimA B C D The leaves have turned yellow._ A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject._ T B C D She was the first to learn about it.A B C D（五）挑出

30、下例句中的定語(yǔ) They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.T-B -C -D What is your given nameA B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3._A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B -CD The man downstairs was trying to sleep._ A BC D 1 am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A BCD（六）挑出下

31、例句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the readingroom.ABCD He asked her to take the boy out of school._ABCD She found it difficult to do the work, A B -C D They call me Lily sometimes._pTs c dsaw Mr. Wang get on the bus._A-B C DDid you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just nowABCD（七）挑出下例句中的狀語(yǔ) There was a big smile on her face.ABC D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.AB C D He began to learn English when he was eleven.a b c d The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.me,間接賓語(yǔ)a new bike,直接賓語(yǔ)us,間接賓語(yǔ)