英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤和分析

1、英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤和分析 下面我們對(duì)一些在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例逐一加以剖析1 不一致( Disagreements )所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致 時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等例 1 . When one have money ,he can do what he want to .( 人一旦有了錢，他就能想干什么就干什么 )剖析： one 是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的 have 應(yīng)改為 has ; 同理， want 應(yīng)改為 wants. 本句是典型的主謂不一致改為： Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)2 修飾

2、語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位( Misplaced Modifiers )英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同，同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解.例1. I believe I can doit well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析： better 位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末3 句子不完整( Sentence Fragments )在口語(yǔ)中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是書(shū)面語(yǔ)就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫(xiě)完以

3、后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)生例 1 . There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio .newspaper and so on .剖析：本句后半部分 for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . ”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立成句改為： There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.4 懸垂修飾語(yǔ)( Dangling Modif

4、iers )所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清例如： At the age of ten,my grandfather died. 這句中 at the age of ten 只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí)，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明” 誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí)按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn)，全句就不那么費(fèi)解了改為：When I was ten, my grandfather died.例 1 . To do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短語(yǔ)“ to do well in college ”

5、的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚改為：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.5 詞性誤用 (Misuse of Parts of Speech)“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等例 1 . None can negative the importance of money.剖析： negative 系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。改為：None can deny the importance of money.6 指代不清 (Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物

6、關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.( 瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?)讀完上面這一句話，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例 1. And we can al

7、so know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人稱代詞 we 和反身代詞yourself 指代不一致。改為：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.7 不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫 run-on sentence? 請(qǐng)看下面的例句。例 1 . There are many ways we get to know the outside world.剖析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思： “There are many ways. ” 以及“ Weget to kno

8、w the outside world. ” 。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。改為：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world8 措詞毛病 (Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題，囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往

9、往隨心所欲，拿來(lái)就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.( 農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。 )剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles “障礙” ， “障礙物”誤作substance “物質(zhì)”了。另外“ theincreasing use ( 不斷增加的使用 ) ” 應(yīng)改為“ abusive use ( 濫用 ) ” 。改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agricult

10、ure also causes/leads to pollution.9 累贅 (Redundancy)言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。寫(xiě)句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞；寫(xiě)段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.本句的“ the fact that he is lazy ”系同謂語(yǔ)從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為： In spite of his laziness, I like him.例 1 . For the people who are diligent and k

11、ind, money is just the thing to be usedto buy the thing they need.剖析：整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化。改為：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.十 不連貫 (Incoherence)不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ)，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。例 1 . The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.剖析： The fresh water 與逗號(hào)后的 it 不連貫。

12、 It 與 things 在數(shù)方面不一致。改為：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.十一 綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤(Comprehensive Misusage)所謂“綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤” ，是指除了上述十種錯(cuò)誤以外，還有諸如時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，大小寫(xiě)等方面的錯(cuò)誤。例 1 Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our s eat, cloth, live, go etc.備注說(shuō)明，非正文，實(shí)際使用可刪除如下部分。本內(nèi)容僅給予閱讀編輯指點(diǎn)：1、本文件由微軟 OFFICE辦公軟件編輯而成

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