基于單片機實現(xiàn)的顯示搖搖棒的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計設(shè)計論文word格式

1、 1 引 言Welcome、漢字詞組“美亞和北京奧運會會徽圖形，并適當增加設(shè)計特色與創(chuàng)新。1.2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計思路及特點2 系統(tǒng)理論設(shè)計2.1 系統(tǒng)總體方案比較及說明圖1 方案一原理框圖該方案線路簡單，掃描控制開關(guān)可選擇機械開關(guān)或編碼開關(guān)或水銀開關(guān)，在顯示棒搖擺時接通線路控制單片機掃描輸出字符或圖形的列編碼信號；單片機外另接有中斷控制按鈕用以切換不同字符或圖形的顯示，LED線陣采用普通三極管驅(qū)動，電路采用4節(jié)充電電池供電。此方案的優(yōu)點是：單片機C51的端口較多，可實現(xiàn)顯示數(shù)據(jù)并行傳輸，速度較快，且外圍電路簡單，調(diào)試較方便。缺點是：為了增大顯示清晰度，除去可能由背景LED燈占用的端口外，單片機剩余端

2、口無法使線陣中LED燈數(shù)量擴展至24只以上；單片機使用的晶振頻率較大，軟件不易實現(xiàn)對計數(shù)的控制。方案二：由單片機AT89C2051最小系統(tǒng)、存放器組、驅(qū)動電路、LED線陣和電源局部組成，原理方框圖如圖2所示。圖2 方案二系統(tǒng)設(shè)計框圖2.2 系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及說明 圖 系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)框圖2.系統(tǒng)硬件理論設(shè)計、電路原理圖 圖4 單片機最小系統(tǒng) 存放器組電路存放器組電路如圖5所示，存放器組由三個八位移位存放器74HC164組成，時鐘觸發(fā)信號同時來自單片機P3.1口，存放器U3輸入端接入來自P3.0口的串行輸出信號，其余兩存放器輸入端接在左邊存放器的輸出端上，組成的存放器組具有24位移位功能，可以滿足按

3、列至少16只LED燈掃描顯示的要求。圖5 存放器組電路 掃描控制開關(guān)該開關(guān)接線原理圖如圖6a所示，掃描控制開關(guān)起著擺動傳感作用，每當顯示棒擺動至左端位置時，開關(guān)瞬時接通，中斷信號送入單片機，控制假設(shè)干次掃描信號輸出。方案一：采用機械式開關(guān)，如圖6b所示，紅色弧線代表擺子的導軌，限制其擺動軌道，P1和P2為左右觸點，P1接至中斷口INTO，P0接地，該開關(guān)材料和制作簡單，但擺子轉(zhuǎn)軸和地線接觸可靠性較差。a b 機械開關(guān)圖6 掃描控制開關(guān)方案二：采用光限位開關(guān)，可靠性很強，但擺棒的粗細需匹配，開關(guān)體積過大，而且難以購置，價格昂貴。方案三：采用水銀開關(guān)，其體積較小，價格適中，可靠性強，選擇此方案。

4、自動掉電控制電路自動掉電控制電路原理如圖7所示， 其中按鍵S作為電源開關(guān)和顯示切換開關(guān)，按下此鍵時，PNP型三極管進入飽和導通狀態(tài)，接通單片機電源，此時由程序控制單片機持續(xù)送入低電平信號，使三極管保持導通狀態(tài)；假設(shè)一段時間內(nèi)掃描控制開關(guān)和顯示切換開關(guān)均未送入中斷信號，那么單片機送出高電平，三極管截止，系統(tǒng)進入休眠省電狀態(tài)；未進入省電狀態(tài)時再次按下開關(guān)S，單片機產(chǎn)生中斷，變換顯示的字符或圖形。圖7 自動掉電控制電路 LED驅(qū)動及顯示電路 LED驅(qū)動及顯示電路如圖8所示，LED燈點亮所需電流一般為三至五毫安，八只LED總電流只有幾十毫安，因此驅(qū)動采用一只普通三極管即可，圖中二極管D1D3起分壓作用

5、，所有LED點亮的控制信號來自三個存放器74HC164。 圖8 LED驅(qū)動及顯示電路 系統(tǒng)總圖： 2.4系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計、各程序流程圖a所示，需實現(xiàn)的功能是初始化各端口和變量。判斷圖文切換按鍵和中斷開關(guān)是否被按下，假設(shè)沒按下，那么延時假設(shè)干秒后進入休眠省電模式；假設(shè)按下，那么進行字符的切換顯示。2按鍵中斷實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)掃描切換程序流程圖如圖9 b 所示，單片機外部中斷源有2個，采用外部中斷0作為判斷是否搖擺的端口，該端口連接水銀開關(guān)，如果有搖擺，那么觸發(fā)外部中斷，進行掃描數(shù)據(jù)處理。3賦值子程序流程圖如圖10 a 所示，賦值前先檢測中斷是否有效，如有效,那么將要顯示的字符數(shù)據(jù)依次送入存放器，送完后返回。否

6、那么返回到中斷入口處等待下一次中斷的到來。4定時間隔子程序流程圖如圖10 b 所示，首先判斷掃描間隔是否太大，如果太大，那么使用默認間隔，否那么啟動定時器，在定時期間判斷中斷是否又被觸發(fā)，如果有，那么定時停止，強行返回。否那么等到定時結(jié)束后再返回到掃描子程序中。圖10 程序流程圖23 系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)3.1硬、軟件分別調(diào)試及聯(lián)合調(diào)試階段調(diào)試 聯(lián)合調(diào)試 3.2 方案的修改、說明4 系統(tǒng)測試4.1實驗、測試儀器與測試試驗方法型號指標生產(chǎn)廠家數(shù)量雙蹤示波器SS-7802A20Hz日本巖崎1 穩(wěn)壓電源WD-5+5V， -5V,-啟東市斯邁計算機廠Vc9806+位深圳市勝高電子科技公司14.2 測試數(shù)據(jù)及測試結(jié)

7、果分析 測試數(shù)據(jù) 安裝好電池后，按下電源開關(guān)，LED線陣開始閃爍，在光線適當?shù)沫h(huán)境下?lián)u動棒時在亮燈扇形區(qū)域能夠讓人分辨出初始的“A字符，按下切換按鈕開關(guān)，顯示變換為“電字，依次按下切換開關(guān)可分別識別出國際奧委會五環(huán)圖形，英文單詞“Welcome ，漢字詞組“ 美亞和北京奧運會會徽圖形；當30秒內(nèi)未擺動和按下中斷開關(guān)，系統(tǒng)自動進入休眠省電模式。 測試結(jié)果分析5 設(shè)計總結(jié) ，3. 顯示棒搖動時形成的亮燈區(qū)域能讓人分辨出漢字詞組“ 美亞和北京奧運會會徽圖形；英文單詞“Welcome稍有些模糊。4.顯示棒具有自動斷電功能，三十秒內(nèi)不使用那么將進入休眠省電狀態(tài)，以降低能耗。本設(shè)計制作完成了題目要求的根本

8、局部的全部要求和發(fā)揮局部的大局部要求，而且具有一定的特色功能。 隨著科技進步和生活水平的提高，越來越多的高科技的電子產(chǎn)品逐漸融入日常生活中，該種顯示棒操作簡易、效果新奇，深具吸引力，市場潛力巨大當然，我們的設(shè)計還存在著一些缺陷，在此懇請各位老師批評指正。 7 51單片機學習網(wǎng). .8 電子電路圖網(wǎng). 9 周志敏等集成穩(wěn)壓電源電路圖集M北京中國電力出版社2021.附錄A：系統(tǒng)操作說明 該系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了。 1 搖動時或搖動前將此時電源接通2供電局部是 節(jié) 1.5V 5號電池，供電電壓V；3按下顯示切換按鈕開關(guān)，可切換顯示的內(nèi)容；4長期不使用時，請取出電池，另行保管。 附錄B：系統(tǒng)總電路原理圖#ifnd

9、ef _PS2_#define _PS2_/#define debugprint1#include #include #include #include #include typedef unsigned char byte;typedef unsigned int word;/#define setbit B,b B | 0x01 b #define clrbit B,b B & 0x01 b #define tstbit B,b B & 0x01 b #define ASWORD x,ofs * word * &x+ofs #define ASBYTE x,ofs

10、* byte * &x+ofs #define XTALL11059200L#define BAUD9600#define BAUDRATE x 256- byte XTALL / 32L*12L* x #define DELAY_US x 256- word x* XTALL / 12*1000*1000L #define DELAY_MS x 256- word x* XTALL / 12L*1000L #define DLY_15MS word 33333L#define TIMEOUT 0x8000/#define PS214/#define KEY 10sbit KEY P1

11、4;sbit LED_POWER P17;sbit LS164_DATA P30;sbit LS164_CLK P31;sbit POWER P15;sbit GND P37;sbit TEST P35;#include "qs3kb.h"byte code A060 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf8,0xc0,0x80,0x87,0x8f,0x81,

12、0xc0,0xf8,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code A160 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf8,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x78

13、,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0x38,0x00,0x00,0xc0,0xf8,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code A260 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfd,0xe1,0x01,0x03,0x1f,0xf

14、f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x3f,0x07,0x01,0xc1,0xf1,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;/byte code A024 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf8,0xc0,0x80,0x87,0x8f,0x81,0xc0,0xf8,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0

15、xff,0xff,0xff ;/byte code A124 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf8,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x78,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0x38,0x00,0x00,0xc0,0xf8,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;/byte code A224 0xff,0xff,0xfd,0xe1,0x01,0x03,0x1f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x3f,0x07,0x01,0xc1,0xf1,0xff,0xff ;byte code d

16、ian060 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf8,0xf8,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0x30,0x30,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf8,0xf8,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf

17、f,0xff ;byte code dian160 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x00,0x10,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff

18、,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code dian260 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x0f,0x0f,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0x03,0x00,0xc8,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x0c,0x8c,0xf8,0x71,0xf3,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

19、0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code wuhuan060 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfc,0xf0,0x73,0x3f,0x9f,0x9f,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0x8f,0x9f,0x1f,0x37,0x73,0xf0,0xfc,0xf8,0x70,0x37,0x1f,0x9f,0x8f,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0x9f,0x1f,0x37,0x70,0xf0,0x0e,0xf8,0x70,0x37,0x1f,0x9f,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf

20、,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0x9f,0x3f,0x37,0x70,0xf8,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code wuhuan160 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x8f,0x07,0x71,0xf9,0xfc,0xfc,0xfe,0xfe,0xfc,0x70,0x32,0x1c,0xc8,0xc1,0x41,0x07,0x8f,0x0f,0x01,0xc0,0xc8,0x9c,0x34,0x70,0xf0,0x70,0x36,0x9e,0x9c,0xcc,0xc1,0x03,0x0f,0xcf,0x0f,0x03,0x91,0x1

21、9,0xf0,0xfc,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfc,0xfc,0xf9,0xf3,0x07,0x0f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code wuhuan260 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xef,0xef,0xcf,0x0f,0x07,0x73,0xf1,0xf9,0xf9,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xf9,0xf9,0xf3,0x37,0x0f,0x8f,0x07,0x63,0xf1,0xf9,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0x

22、fc,0xfc,0xf9,0xf9,0x73,0x17,0x0f,0xcf,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code welcome060 0xff, 0xff,0x10,0x10,0xff,0xff,0x10,0x10,0xff,0xff,0x10,0x10,0xff,0x10,0x10,0x1f,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0xff,0x1f,0x10,0x10,0x1f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf0,0x30,0x1f,0x1f,0x10,0x10

23、,0xff,0xf1,0x30,0x1f,0x1f,0x30,0xf8,0xff,0x10,0x10,0x10,0xf8,0xff,0xf8,0x10,0x10,0x10,0xff,0xff,0x10,0x10,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0xff,0xff ;byte code welcome160 0xff, 0xff,0xef,0x00,0xf0,0x70,0x03,0x01,0x70,0xf0,0x00,0xef,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x37,0x37,0x37,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xf8,0xf8,0xff,0x00,0

24、x00,0xff,0xff,0xee,0xee,0xff,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0xef,0x01,0x10,0x01,0xef,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x37,0x37,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code welcome260 0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xcf,0x01,0x01,0xff,0xff,0x01,0x01,0xcf,0xff,0xff,0x01,0x01,0xf1,0xf1,0x01,0x01,0xff,0xf1,0x01,0x01,0xf1,0xf

25、1,0x01,0x01,0xff,0x8f,0x03,0xf1,0xf1,0x01,0x07,0xff,0x8f,0x0c3,0xf1,0xf1,0x03,0x8f,0xff,0x01,0x01,0xf1,0xff,0x0f,0xff,0xf1,0x01,0x01,0xf1,0xff,0x01,0x01,0xf1,0x01,0x01,0xff,0xff ;byte code meiya060 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xd3,0x93,0x33,0x73,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0x73,0x13,0x93,0xf3,0x

26、f3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x30,0x30,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x30,0x30,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3e,0x3f,0x3f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf3,0xf3,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code meiya160 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0x76,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x

27、46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x76,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xef,0x0f,0x10,0xf0,0xf0,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xf8,0x31,0x07,0xcf,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0x76,0x46,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code meiya260 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xeb,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe3,0xe3,0x67,0x2f,0x

28、8f,0xcf,0xef,0x8f,0x2f,0x67,0x67,0xe3,0xe3,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xeb,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0x01,0x01,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0x01,0x01,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xeb,0xe9,0xe9,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code huihui060 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0

29、xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x0c,0x04,0x06,0x06,0x07,0x77,0x76,0x77,0x07,0x06,0x0c,0x0c,0x88,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code huihui160 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,

30、0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xce,0xcf,0x03,0x33,0xff,0xce,0xf8,0x3c,0x0e,0x07,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff ;byte code huihui260

31、 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x0f,0x8f,0xc8,0xf0,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff

32、 ;byte timecount 0;byte dispstate 0;byte savehtime 0;byte saveltime 0;byte pretime 0;bit intflag 0;bit backflag 0;/byte Display_data4 3,5,6,0 ;/byte dotflag 0;/byte pushflag 1;void Timer_Init void ;void Int_Init void ;void keyproc void ;void setvalue void ;void Timer1_Delay void ;void uart_init void

33、 ;void uart_putc byte c ;void delay word w ;void PS2_Receive interrupt 0 using 0 /pushflag 0;/byte usetime 0;byte temp; EX0 0; /disable int0 /diaable timer0/temp TH0;/if temp 0x10 TR0 0;savehtime timecount;saveltime TH0;timecount 0;TH0 0x00;TL0 0x00;intflag 1;TR0 1;/ /pretime timecount;EX0 1; /enabl

34、e int0return ; void Timer0_Proc interrupt 1 using 1 timecount+; TH0 0x00;TL0 0x00;TR0 1;return ; void main void byte i;POWER 0;GND 0;TEST 0;uart_init ;/*while 1 for i 0;i 60;i+ LED_POWER 1; /led power offLS_164 meiya0i ;LS_164 meiya1i ;LS_164 meiya2i ;/uart_putc meiya0i ;/uart_putc meiya1i ;/uart_pu

35、tc meiya2i ; LED_POWER 0; / led power ondelay 20000 ;delay 20000 ; */while 1 Timer_Init ;Int_Init ; while KEY if timecount 0xf0 POWER 1; /power off else setvalue ;/TEST 1; keyproc ; /*void Display void byte i;byte j;for i 0;i 4;i+ j Display_datai; LS_164 TAB_LEDj ; */void Timer_Init void TMOD 0x11;T

36、H0 0x00;TL0 0x00;TR0 1; void Timer1_Init void void Int_Init void IT0 1;PT0 1; /timer0 prioty is higher IE 0x83; void keyproc void if KEY 0 while KEY 0 ;dispstate+;if dispstate 6 dispstate 0; uart_putc 0xff dispstate+1 ; void setvalue void byte i,j,loop_num,delay_num;byte *p0,*p1,*p2;if intflag intflag 0;switch dispstate case 0: p0 A0;p1 A1;p2 A2;loop_num 60;del