_新外研版-Unit2ExploringEnglish-Gra

1、Unit 2 Exploring English 電子學(xué)案Using Language (語法： 構(gòu)詞法)(一)轉(zhuǎn)化法Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the way round. When we calm somebody down, they become calm. And we can give someone a present by presenting it. (Using Language, P17)轉(zhuǎn)化法(conversion)在英語中，一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形 不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。通

2、常會有動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞、 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞等，還有一些個別詞在一定場合中轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞?！拘峦庋斜匦抟?U2構(gòu)詞轉(zhuǎn)化法鞏固】單詞釋義contact| 'k?nt? ktn.接觸；聯(lián)系v.接觸；聯(lián)系comment| 'k ?mentn.注釋；評論v.注釋； 評論；注釋； 評論flatfl? tn.平面，平坦部分；泄了氣的輪胎；一層；公寓大樓；公寓房間adj.平的，平坦的；泄了氣的adv.平直地【慧眼識詞】請分析下列詞性發(fā)生變化的一些詞并翻譯句子。1. Let me have a try.2. They are only allowed to sell

3、soft drinks at school.3. He shouldered his way through the crowd.4. The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.5. We will try our best to better our living conditions.6. They tried to perfect the working conditions.7. He didn t know the difference betweernight and wrong.8. The old in our villag

4、e are living a happy life.9. Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.10. Life is full of ups and downs.11. His argument contains too many ifs and buts.附：中文翻譯1. 讓我試試。2. 在學(xué)校里只準許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。3. 他用肩膀推開人群前進。4. 從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。5. 我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。6. 他們努力改善工作條件。7. 他不辨是非。8. 我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。9. 穿暖和的衣服到山區(qū)去是必須的。10.

5、人生有得意時也有失意時。11. 他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。(二)合成法(composition )Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, penfriend (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen and well-known (known by many people).合成法(composition )，由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法，合成的詞叫做合

6、成詞( compounds)。合成詞的寫法由習(xí)慣決定，可以寫在一 起，也可以用連詞符號連接。通常有合成名詞、合成形容詞、合成動詞、合成副詞、合成代詞、合成介詞等?！拘峦庋斜匦抟?U2構(gòu)詞法-合成詞鞏固】單詞中文釋義eggplant冊于pineapple菠蘿seasick暈船的airsick暈機的carsick暈車的homesick想家的highway公路motorway高速公路downtown在城鎮(zhèn)中心區(qū)的，在鬧市區(qū)的downstairs在樓下【慧眼識詞】猜一猜如下詞都是什么意思，它們是如何合成的？1. 合成名詞newspaper blood-test she-wolftypewriter p

7、ickpocket daybreakgreenhouse highwayovercoat outsidehandwriting reading-room freezing-pointbreakthrough get-together outbreak outcomesister-in-law editor-in-chief2. 合成形容詞world-famous duty-free large-scale long- termover-anxious evergreenman-made sun-burntpeace-loving English-speaking good-looking ea

8、sy-going well-informed widespreadhardworking far-reachingwarm-hearted absent-mindedthree-legged ten-storiedone-way five -starten-year-old 800-meter-longface 十o-face door - to -door3. 合成動詞baby-sit sleepwalkoutnumber underestimate overwork whitewash4. 合成副詞meanwhile anywayeverywhere anyhowhowever befor

9、ehand overhead forever5. 合成代詞herself themselvesmyself yourselvesanything nothing6. 合成介詞inside outsidewithout within（三）派生法Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meaning. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn t correct, it is incorrect

10、and if someone isn t happy they re unhappy. Words with the suffixes - ment and - ness are often nouns. Forexample, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great improvement.派生法：由一個詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。【新外研必修一 U2構(gòu)詞法-派生法鞏固】單詞中文釋義同根詞sculpture雕塑作品，雕像sculptcreativity創(chuàng)造力，創(chuàng)造性creative, c

11、reationunfamiliar小熟悉的，不了解的familiarorganization組織，團體，機構(gòu)organizelikely可能的，可能發(fā)生的like, dislike, unlikeentrance大門口，入口處enteractually事實上，實際上actualmisadventure事故，災(zāi)難adventure【派生詞拓展】1 .前綴除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性。(1)表示否定意義的前綴un- unhappy unfinished undressdis- disagree disbelieveinaccurate illegal impolite

12、imbalance irregularmis- misbehave mislead mistakenon-nonstop nonsmoker(2)表示其他意義的前綴en-"使" enrich enlarge encourageinter-"相互"international intercontinentalre- “再，又，重" rethink retell recycletele-"遠程的"telescope telephone telegraphauto-"自動的" automatic automobi

13、leco-"共同" cooperate coexist anti-"反對，抵抗" antiwar antifreeze antinuclearmulti- “多” multicultural multicolouredbi- “雙，二”bilingual bilateralmicro- “極小的，微小的”microwave microcomputerover- “太多，過分”overwork overdo overestimateself- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident self-controlunder-&qu

14、ot;在下面，下的，不足的"underline, underground, underestimate2 . 后綴（ 1 ）形容詞后綴-able ”可的， 具有的" acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable-al ”與有關(guān)的" physical, magical, political-ful/less ”（沒）有的" helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless-ive "有傾向的”active attractive expensive-ous “有（性質(zhì)）的”-ly

15、“有famous, dangerous, poisonous性質(zhì)的”friendly yearly daily-y “構(gòu)成形容詞”noisy dusty cloudy2）名詞后綴-er / or “表人或用具”farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container-ese “某國（人）的”Chinese, Japanese-ian ”某國、 某地人； 精通的人“ musician, Asian, Russian, technician-ist “某種主義或職業(yè)者”physicist, scientist, communist ， sociali

16、st-ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess-ment “行為或其狀態(tài)”government, movement, achievement-ness “性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)”illness, sadness, carelessness-tion “動作，過程，結(jié)果”invention, organization, translation-ance/ ence “抽象；行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”importance, appearance, absence, existence-th “性質(zhì)、情況”depth, warmth, truth-ful “（滿的）量 ” handful, spoonful, mouthful-（a）bility “抽象、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”possibility, disability-al “過程、狀態(tài)”survival, arrival, approval-y “性質(zhì)、情況”modesty