Grammar_過去分詞作定語、表語、狀語

1、 Unit 3Inventors and inventionsGrammar動詞動詞-ed形式作形式作定語定語動詞動詞-ed形式作形式作表語表語動詞動詞-ed形式作賓語形式作賓語補足語補足語 過去分詞作定語，表示與被修飾的詞在邏過去分詞作定語，表示與被修飾的詞在邏輯上存在輯上存在被動關(guān)系被動關(guān)系或動作的或動作的完成完成或或兼而有之兼而有之。如：如： spoken English (英語口語英語口語)； iced beer (冰凍啤酒冰凍啤酒)； cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆條炸土豆條);一、動詞一、動詞-ed形式作定語形式作定語 注意：注意：不及物動

2、詞不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示的過去分詞常表示“完成完成”的動作的動作, 而不表示而不表示“被動被動”意義。意義。如如: boiled water(開水開水);fallen leaves(落葉落葉) the risen sun(升起的太陽升起的太陽)等。等。 1. The tall man is a returned student 高個子的那個人是個歸國留學生。高個子的那個人是個歸國留學生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教師。我的父母都是退休教師。 1)前置定語前置定語 單個的動詞單個的動詞-ed形式形式,一般放在被修飾一般放

3、在被修飾的名詞的前面的名詞的前面, 作前置定語。作前置定語。 The excited people rushed into building. 激動的人們沖進大樓。激動的人們沖進大樓。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虛度的時光虛度的時光, 無法挽回。無法挽回。 (=time which is lost) 2)后置定語后置定語 少數(shù)單個動詞的少數(shù)單個動詞的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能作作后置后置定語。定語。 1. Everything used should be marked

4、 所有用過的東西應(yīng)該做好標記。所有用過的東西應(yīng)該做好標記。 2. Among the people invited were some ladies被邀請的人中被邀請的人中, 有些是女士。有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students 剩下的書是給我的學生的。剩下的書是給我的學生的。 動詞動詞-ed形式短語作定語時，通常要放在形式短語作定語時，通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面，在意思上相當于一個被修飾的名詞的后面，在意思上相當于一個定語從句定語從句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活動嗎今晚有

5、什么活動嗎? (=That has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 這次會議有很多人出席這次會議有很多人出席, 開得很成功。開得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 高考題高考題1)Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had b

6、een invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B.to be written C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first

7、 played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全國春）年全國春） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北京春北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. t

8、iring, boring 過去分詞作表語并無過去分詞作表語并無“完成完成”或或“被動被動”之之意，而是表示主語的狀態(tài)或思想感情等，相當于意，而是表示主語的狀態(tài)或思想感情等，相當于形容詞，常譯作形容詞，常譯作“感到感到.的的”。如：。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后看完信后, 他顯得很憂慮。他顯得很憂慮。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved當我們聽到這件事時當我們聽到這件事時, 被深深地感動了。被深深地感動了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea

9、 聽到這個想法聽到這個想法, 他似乎很高興。他似乎很高興。 二、動詞二、動詞-ed形式作形式作表語表語 常見的作表語的過去分詞有常見的作表語的過去分詞有:amused(愉快的愉快的)； broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(關(guān)閉的關(guān)閉的)； astonished(吃驚的吃驚的)；crowded(擁擠的擁擠的)； experienced(有經(jīng)驗的有經(jīng)驗的); delighted(高興的高興的)； lost(丟失的丟失的)；gone(遺失的遺失的)； disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(擔憂的擔憂的)； interested(感興趣的感興趣的) tired(疲勞的疲勞的

10、) pleased(高興的高興的)；satisfied(滿意的滿意的)； surprised(吃驚的吃驚的); married(已婚的已婚的)； known(著名的著名的) ; seated(已就座的已就座的); hidden(隱藏的隱藏的)常見的作表語的過去分詞有常見的作表語的過去分詞有:united(團結(jié)的）團結(jié)的） limited（有限的）（有限的）skilled（熟練的）（熟練的） dressed(穿著穿著.的）的）included（被包含在內(nèi)的）（被包含在內(nèi)的）located（位于（位于.exposed（無遮蔽的）（無遮蔽的） designed(故意的）故意的）depressed（意

11、志消沉的，不景氣的）（意志消沉的，不景氣的）determined(堅決的，堅定的堅決的，堅定的)developed(發(fā)達的）發(fā)達的） devoted（忠誠的）（忠誠的）pressed（緊迫的）（緊迫的） distinguished(杰出的）杰出的）upset(心煩的）心煩的） confused（困惑的）（困惑的） 作表語的作表語的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等等所修飾。所修飾。 I was very pleased at the news 聽了這消息我很高興。聽了這消息我很高興。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厭倦這工作。他十分

12、厭倦這工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 聽了這想法他似乎很高興。聽了這想法他似乎很高興。 1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed高考題高考題3) The pilot as

13、ked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 三、動詞三、動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語形式作賓語補足語 能用作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般都是及物能用作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動詞動詞, ,表示被動意義或已完成意義表示被動意義或已完成意義, ,有時候兩者有時候兩者兼而有之。作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語有兼而有之。作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系邏輯上的動

14、賓關(guān)系, ,即賓語是過去分詞動作的即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主對象。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主+ +謂謂+ +賓賓+ +賓補。賓補。常見的可接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下四類：常見的可接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下四類： 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必須請人修理自行車。我必須請人修理自行車。 (賓語補足語賓語補足語) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。 (主語補足語主語補足語) 1)1)表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞或詞組如：表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞

15、或詞組如：see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, listen to , observe, think 等。等。We thought the game lost我們認為球賽輸了。我們認為球賽輸了。He found his hometown greatlychanged.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。 2) 表示表示“致使致使”意義的動詞。如：意義的動詞。如：make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每個月理一次發(fā)。我每個月理一

16、次發(fā)。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使別人聽懂自己。他正努力使別人聽懂自己。 I have never heard him spoken ill of by others. 我從未聽過有人說他的壞話。我從未聽過有人說他的壞話。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她覺得心里輕松了些。她覺得心里輕松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他們認為這問題解決了。他們認為這問題解決了。 (請人請人)把某事做完把某事做完 She had her hous

17、e repaired 她她請人請人把屋子把屋子修好了修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪兒你在哪兒理理的發(fā)的發(fā)? “have+賓語賓語+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個含義：結(jié)構(gòu)有三個含義： 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能參與自己也可能參與) I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼寫錯誤都我把所有的拼寫錯誤都改正了改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年他今年已存了已存了1000元。元。 遭遇某種意外情況遭遇某種意外情況 He

18、had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢包昨天她的錢包被偷了被偷了。 3) 表示表示“希望希望”“”“要求要求”意義的動詞。如：意義的動詞。如：like，want, wish, expect, order 等。等。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜歡在會議上討論這樣的問題。他不喜歡在會議上討論這樣的問題。 The students wi

19、sh the TV serial plays continued 學生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。學生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。 4) 過去分詞用在過去分詞用在“with+賓語賓語+賓補賓補”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被帶進來了小偷被帶進來了, 雙手被反綁在后面。雙手被反綁在后面。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building,

20、 his house looks like a beautiful garden 周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花園?；▓@。 1) - Good morning. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package _, madam. (MET89) A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed課堂高考小試：課堂高考小試：2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the riv

21、er. (NMET94) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (NMET2000) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong agai

22、n. (上海上海1999) A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repairedExercises 1. Is this the bike which you wish to have _? A. repaired it B. repairing C. repair D. repaired.單項選擇：單項選擇： 2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company (明尼蘇達州礦業(yè)與制造公司明尼蘇達州礦業(yè)與制造公司 ), _ as 3M. A. knowing B.

23、known C. being known D. to be known 3. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked 4. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 5. Laws

24、 that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 6. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 7. She was g

25、lad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking8. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept 9. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. t

26、o be known D. known 10. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking 11. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks 12. The disc

27、, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 13. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 14. _ time, hell make a

28、 first class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 15. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 16. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C

29、. Founded D. Founding.選擇恰當?shù)姆侵^語動詞填空：選擇恰當?shù)姆侵^語動詞填空： 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 3. There is a car _ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked 4. The experience _ (gain) will be of great value to us.5.