北師大版（2019）高中英語必修第三冊Unit 8 Green Living單元達(dá)標(biāo)+能力提升測試卷 2套匯編（含答案解析）.docx

1、北師大版2019扃中英語必修第三冊Unit8GreenLiving單元達(dá)標(biāo)+能力提升測試卷2套匯編Unit8GreenLiving單元達(dá)標(biāo)測試卷第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACity:HangzhouLaunched:2008Size:2,965stations/69,750bikesPrice:$28.59depositf押金）+timechargeWhiletakingalookatthiscity,youmayseethebestbikesharinginthe

2、world.Asthesecondontheplanetbysize,theHangzhouPublicBicycleSystemisoneofthemostcommonandusefulshares,largelybecauseitscombinedwithpublictransportation:asinglecardcanbeusedinsubway,bus,taxiandbikesharing.Residentsandtouristscanputdownadepositof200ChineseYuan（about$29）andrideforanhourforfreeinthisscen

3、iccity.Eachadditionalhourcostsonly$0.15.Itwasalsothefirstnew-generationbike-sharingsysteminChina.City:BarcelonaLaunched:2007Size:420stations/6,000bikesPrice:$61.93peryearBarcelonasBicyclingProgramdevelopedSpainsbike-sharingbusinessinabigway.Thisprogramtookofflikewildfireonwheels,andbecausefourtimesb

4、iggerinoneyear.Itinspireddifferentcopycatprogramsalloverthecountry.Today,Spainhas132bike-sharingsystems.Theprogramisoneoftheworldsmostrespectedandpopularshares.Butitisonlyopentoresidentsandtouristsarenotallowedtousethem.City:ParisLaunched:2007Size:1,751stations/23,900bikesPrice:$38.52peryear/$2.26pe

5、rdayBikesharinginParisisthestaroftheworld.Launchedin2007,itistheworldslargestoutsideofChina.CheapbyAmericanstandards,youcanridearoundParisona$1.7daypassthefirsthalfhourofeachtripisfree.Becausethissystemcoversthecitywithanaverageof50stations答案以及解析第一部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)A答案：1-3.ACA解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)City:Barcelona中的Bar

6、celonasBicyclingProgramdevelopedSpainsbike-sharingbusinessinabigway.”可知,BarcelonasBicycling項(xiàng)目極大地開發(fā)了西班牙的共享單車生意。故選A項(xiàng)。2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“City:Paris”中的價(jià)格介紹Price:$38.52peryear/$2.26perday1可知，巴黎的共享單車收費(fèi)為每天2.26美元。故選C項(xiàng)。3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)City:Hangzhou中的Residentsandtouristscanputdownadepositof200ChineseYuan(about$29)andride

7、foranhourforfreeinthissceniccity.”以及City:Paris中的最后一句中itsafavouritewithbothlocalsandtourists可知,HangzhouPublicBicycleSystem和bikesharinginParis都對本地居民和外來游客開放。故選A項(xiàng)。B答案：1-4.ABCD解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段”TheAndeanvillageChinchero.Sweepingviewsofsnow-coveredpeaksrulethehorizon.可知,本段主要描述了位于安第斯山脈中的村莊Chinchero周圍的美麗風(fēng)景。2

8、. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的Thenewairportcouldquadruple(使變?yōu)樗谋?tourists,to6millionfrom1.5millionayear,whichwouldmeanaburdenof22,000visitorsaday.PresidentVizcarrasupportedtheprojectin2018asawaytogetsupportinsouthernPeru.nJ知，機(jī)場修好后，游客的數(shù)量會提高四倍，為了贏得秘魯南方的支持，總統(tǒng)同意了修建機(jī)場。3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Thisdoubtfulprojectwoulddamagetheheart

9、landoftheIncacivilisation.pollutionanduncontrolledurbanisa-tion.和倒數(shù)第二段的TheairportsconstructioncouldreducethewatershedofLakePiuray.wherefewpeoplelive.可Ml,在這個(gè)地方修建機(jī)場，對當(dāng)?shù)氐膭?dòng)植物、印加文明的中心地帶以及村莊等都有著消極的影響。4. 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。綜合第二段的信息以及最后段的Insteadofanotherairport,Perushoulddevelopsustainabletourismandinvestininfrastructur

10、etomaketheseareasmoreaccessible.nf知，作者認(rèn)為秘魯政府應(yīng)該發(fā)展可持續(xù)性旅游業(yè)，投資基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，而不應(yīng)該在著名的古文化遺址建設(shè)機(jī)場。故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)表示”中立的”;B項(xiàng)表示”贊成的”;C項(xiàng)表示“漠不關(guān)心的”,這些與文章的整體語氣不符。C答案：1-4.DDAB解析：1.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段開頭可知，一件T恤衫的生命周期要經(jīng)歷五個(gè)階段:原材料，生產(chǎn)，運(yùn)輸，使用和處理。原材料的生產(chǎn)階段又包括播種、灌溉、施肥和收獲等。再根據(jù)第三句Whilecottonisanaturalfibre（纖維制品）andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasman

11、madefibres,itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.可知，雖然棉花是自然纖維，不像人造纖維一樣對環(huán)境有害，但它仍然會對原料籌集和生產(chǎn)階段造成不好的影響。所以D項(xiàng)正確。2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.可知,每年一個(gè)美國家庭平均要洗400次衣服，每次要用40加侖水,40x400=16,000加侖，所以D項(xiàng)正確。3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章

12、第三段中的theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.可知，生產(chǎn)過程費(fèi)水費(fèi)能源。而印染原料和漂白劑是有害的污染物,會最終污染地下水。所以A項(xiàng)正確。4. 寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章及最后一段第一句Therearealotofthingsyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.可知,文章的寫作意圖是呼吁人們從自身穿衣開始為環(huán)保做貢獻(xiàn)。D答案：1-4.BCDA解析：1.推理判

13、斷題。結(jié)合第三段的Oncefoundinthemillions,asfewas300redsiskinsremaininVenezuela和后面的內(nèi)容可知，原先這種鳥有幾百萬只,但是現(xiàn)在只有300只了;對于這些鳥來說，剩下的時(shí)間不多了，除非人類立即采取保護(hù)措施。因此這句話說明了保護(hù)它們的緊迫性。2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Theplanistohavefarmersplantorganiccoffeeplantswhicharecoveredwithbranchesthatmakegoodnestingplacesforthebirds.可知,這種有機(jī)咖啡植物的樹枝可以為這種鳥提供良好的筑巢

14、的地方。3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的Theywillbeabletosetpricesforsuchhighqualityproductsthatcanbefivetimeshigherthanlegalpricessetbythegovernment.可知，參與這個(gè)保護(hù)項(xiàng)目的農(nóng)民們可既以高價(jià)出售他們的咖啡。4. 標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一些科學(xué)家和委內(nèi)瑞拉的一些農(nóng)民們種植一種有機(jī)咖啡植物,從而為當(dāng)?shù)貫l臨滅絕的紅色黃雀提供良好的棲息地，以此來拯救這些珍貴的鳥類。故A項(xiàng)符合主題。第二節(jié)答案：-EAGDF解析：設(shè)空處前句講的是通過每天做些小事就可以減肥，此處承接上文，指出小的變化也能夠有大的作

15、用，E項(xiàng)符合語境，其中small為關(guān)鍵詞。故選E項(xiàng). 設(shè)空處為小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，餐盤的直徑會對你吃多少食物產(chǎn)生很大的影響，你的餐盤越大，裝的東西就越多，你吃進(jìn)去的東西也就越多，因此本段主要是建議要用小一點(diǎn)的餐盤，故選A項(xiàng)。 空前一句講到坐下來吃光一整袋薯片或一整包曲奇餅干是很容易的，下一段建議用食物日記或應(yīng)用程序來記錄攝入的卡路里，因此該空內(nèi)容應(yīng)是關(guān)于一整袋薯片或一整包曲奇餅干中的卡路里含量的，G項(xiàng)(但是如果你知道它們有多少卡路里，你可能決定改變主意)符合語境，其中的howmanycaloriesareinthem為關(guān)鍵信息。故選G項(xiàng)。 空后的andyoumaybereadingthe

16、signsallwrong說明你可能完全誤解了這些跡象，設(shè)空處應(yīng)與誤解身體信號方面的問題相關(guān)。D項(xiàng)(我們常常把口渴誤認(rèn)為饑餓)符合語境。空后的allwrong和選項(xiàng)中的mistake相呼應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。 根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Exercisemore以及段落中的exercise,10-mileruns等可知，本段內(nèi)容有關(guān)鍛煉，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞可定位至F項(xiàng)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)指出鍛煉不一定是刻意為之，也可以是有趣的，符合語境。第二部分語言知識運(yùn)用第一節(jié)答案：1-5BADCB6-10BDACC11-15ACBDA解析：1.由前一句中的TheJeepwasfullypacked和下文的setofftowardstheirnewh

17、ome可知,大家都擁進(jìn)車?yán)餃?zhǔn)備出發(fā)，也包括(including)薩姆。故選B項(xiàng)。2. 根據(jù)后一句中的Alexdroveformiles可知，亞歷克斯發(fā)動(dòng)(started)了車的引擎。故選A項(xiàng)。3. 由空前一句中的theyneededmoresupplies可知,他們需要一些日用品,所以是在超市那里停(stopped)車了o故選D項(xiàng)。4. 根據(jù)空前的drivingintotheparkinglot可知，進(jìn)停車場要尋找(hunt)車位停車。故選C項(xiàng)。5. 根據(jù)空后的manycars,shoppingcarts,flashinglightsandbusypeople可知,停車場很擁擠(crowded

18、)o故選B項(xiàng)。6. 由前一句中的manycars,shoppingcarts,flashinglightsandbusypeople可知，停車場很擁擠,人和車很多，所以薩姆應(yīng)是覺得被噪音(noise)包圍。故選B項(xiàng)。7. 根據(jù)卜一段第一句Alexwasabouttopullinwhenastrangecarsuddenlypulledintotheemptyspot.可知，此處指亞歷克斯找到了一個(gè)空的(empty)車位。故選D項(xiàng)。8. 由上下文可知，司機(jī)把車停在了亞歷克斯好不容易找到的車位上，然后直接沖向超市，這肯定讓亞歷克斯-家很生氣。故anger符合語境。9. 根據(jù)后文的Alexcaugh

19、ttheman可知，亞歷克斯追上了那個(gè)人，所以他是快速(quickly)下車。故選C項(xiàng)。10. 據(jù)本段最后,句Theyreturnedtotheparkingspaceandtheircarssothattheycouldbothparkthere.可知，他們把車都停在空的車位上，所以是分享(share)車位。故選C項(xiàng)。11. 由上文可知，兩個(gè)人要分享車位，而一個(gè)車位上停兩輛車應(yīng)該是需要調(diào)整(adjusted)車的位置。故選A項(xiàng)。12. 此處為同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句Itmadeastrongimpressiononhim.可知，整件事讓薩姆印象深刻(impressed)oimpress

20、ed和impression為同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。13. 由上下文可知，亞歷克斯把車和陌生人的車停在一起后就進(jìn)超市買東西去了，這說明整件事以和平方式落幕。故peacefully符合語境。14. 由上文可知，車位被占后，父親并沒有生氣，而是選擇和陌生人一起分享車位，說明父親是慷慨的。故generous符合語境。mean意為吝嗇的;aggressive意為挑釁的。15. 由上文可知，車位被占，父親并未生氣，而是以和平的方式解決問題，這是一種善意(Kindness)o故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)答案：which;that;their;in;topull;using;havetaken;powerful;stren

21、gth;a解析：考查關(guān)系代詞。withwhichtheycouldkilltheirenemies.”是介詞+關(guān)系代詞弓I導(dǎo)的定語從句。 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語morethan8,000yearsago。 考查形容詞性物主代詞。名詞prey前應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞作定語。 考查介詞。inlength是固定表達(dá)，意思是”在長度上考查不定式的用法。不定式短語”topullthestringofthelongbowallthewayback作目的狀語。 考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。現(xiàn)在分詞短語usingthisbow作定語，修飾anyone,use與主語anyone之間存在邏輯上的主

22、謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 考查時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語inthepasttwenty-fiveyears常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用;本句主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 考查形容詞?？崭裉幩顔卧~在句中作表語，故用power的形容詞形式。 考查名詞?？崭裉幩顔卧~在句中作主語，需用strong的名詞形式。 考查冠詞。此處意思是:它(弓)是人類歷史上的一大進(jìn)步。表示泛指,應(yīng)用不定冠詞;great是以輔音音素開頭的單詞,故用不定冠詞a。第三部分寫作第一節(jié)答案：DearEditor,Imastudentatamiddleschool.Imwritingtoexpressmygreatconcernfortheen

23、vironmentinmyhometown.Thickforestsandgreengrassusedtobeseen.However,aspeopleherecutdownmanytreestobuildhousesandgrowmorecrops,theforestswereseriouslydestroyed.Besides,becauseofclimatechangesitrainslittlenow.Asaresult,sandstormsoccurfrequently.Topreventtheprocessofdesertification,allthepeopleshouldta

24、kegoodcareoftheforestsandplantmoretrees.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,Lihua第二節(jié)答案：SinceIwasaverynaughtyboy,Irockeditharder.EachtimeIrockedharder,sheaskedmetostop.ButIwashavingtoomuchfunscaringherandswingingaround.SowhatdidIdo?Irockeditashardasmylittlebodycouldmanage.Itgottothepointthatmygrandm

25、otherwasyellingatthetopofhervoice,whilekickingandscreamingatmetostop.Itwassomuchfun.TheridefinishedandIknewIwasgoingtobeintrouble.Buttomysurprise,mygrandmaactuallyenjoyedtheterrifyingexperiencewithme.Iactuallydidntgetintotrouble,butshevowedtoneverrideitwithmeagain.Tothisday,mygrandmaandIstillrecalla

26、ndlaughaboutourterrifyingSunWheelexperience.ShestoldmethatshealwaysthinksbacktothatmomentwhenshethinksabouthowmuchIhavechangedsincethen,andIalwaysthinkbacktoitasafunexperiencewithherthatIwillneverforget.Unit8GreenLiving單元能力提升測試卷第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選

27、出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAnimalsinAntarcticaTherearenolandanimalsthatactuallyliveinAntarctica!However;thesurroundingoceanisrichinlivingcreatures!Itsjusttoocoldtosupportverymanylifeforms!NowletsmeetsomeoftheAntarcticasanimals.WeddellSealTheyarethesouthernmostpinniped（鰭足類的）intheworld.Malesaregenerallysmallerthanfemales

28、.Interestingly,newbornpupshaveacoatoflonghair,whichtheywillshed（脫落）withinthefirstmonthastheprotectivelayeroftheirbodyisdeveloped.BlueWhaleNamedforitsblue-graycolor,thishugeanimalmaygrowtoberoughly100feetlongandweighmorethan120tons!Abluewhaleeatsabout4tonsofkrill（磷蝦）perdayduringthefeedingseason!Thism

29、eansthatabout40millionkrillareeateneverydayforsixmonthsbyabluewhale!ThetongueofthebluewhalecanbeasbigasaVolkswagen!Thebluewhaleistheloudestanimalonearth!RockhopperPenguinOneofthemostbeautifulpenguins,therockhoppershaketheirheadsandcausetheiryelloweyebrowstoflyintoahaloinordertoattractamate!Wandering

30、AlbatrossThisspeciesofalbatrosswanderstheoceanformonthsatatimesearchingforfood.Itsleepsontheoceansurfaceatnightanddrinksseawater.Thewanderingalbatrossisthelargestbirdintheworldintermsofthewingspan一11feet!RossSealRosssealsareveryrarelyseenbecausetheylivedeepwithinthepackice.ItisbelievedthatRosssealsf

31、eedmainlyonsquid,fishandkrill.TheywerenamedaftertheBritishpolarexplorerSirJamesRoss,whofirstdiscoveredthemin1840.EmperorPenguinEmperorpenguinsarethebiggestofthe18penguinspecies.Theyareflightlessbirds.TheyaretheonlylivingspeciestoreproduceduringtheharshAntarcticwinter.Withoutanest,thefatheremperorpen

32、guinkeepstheeggwarmbyholdingitonhisfeetfor23monthsuntilspring,duringwhichthefatherdoesnteatanythingandhejusteatsalittlesnowformoisture.Unbelievable!WhataDad!1. Weknowfromthe5thparagraphthatthewanderingalbatross.A. nevertouchesthelandisagoodswimmerandflyerB. drinksfreshwatersleepsonboats2. Accordingt

33、othelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat.A. thereare19penguinspeciesonearthemperorpenguinsspendmostoftheirtimeonlandwheretheyfindfoodB. penguinsarebirdswithnowingsthemotheremperorpenguinlaysoneeggduringthewinter3. Weknowfromthereadingthat.A. amaleWeddellsealislargerthanafemalerockhopperpenguinsarethemostbea

34、utifulpenguinsB. itishardtoseeaRosssealabluewhaleeatsabout4tonsofkrilleverydayBANativeAmericanvillageintheU.S.state,Alaska,hasvotedtorelocateitsentirepopulationofsome600peopleduetothethreatofrisingseas.Shishmaref,locatedonatinyislandnorthoftheBeringStraitthatseparatestheUnitedStatesandRussia,islosin

35、guptothreemetersofshorelineeachyear.ItisoneofdozensofoldvillagesinAlaskathatfacegrowingthreatsoffloodinganderosionduetoglobalwarming.Itsresidents,whoaremembersoftheInupiattribe,voted89to78torelocate,saidDonnaBarr.Thisisnotthefirsttimeitsresidentshavemadesuchadecision.Theyvotedin2002torelocatebutthat

36、effortfailed.ItsnotgoingtobethelasttimethattheUnitedStateshastodealwithcommunitiesseverelythreatenedbyclimatechangeandimpactsandwhetherornottheycanstaythere,shesaid.InShishmaref,TommyRichter;pastoroftheLutheranChurch,theislandsonlychurch,saidthecommunitywastomoverleavingitsheritagebehind.Therearepeo

37、pleherewhohavebeenhereforgenerationsanddontwanttoleaveatall,hesaid.Thecostofrelocationhasbeenestimatedatsome$180million,andauthoritiesareseekingstateandfederalfunding,accordingtolocalmedia.Wheretorelocateremainstobedecided,theclerksaid.Twositesonthemainlandarebeingconsidered.Relocationcouldtakemoret

38、hantenyears.Theisland,whichis18squarekilometers,liesfivemilesoffthemainland.Itseconomyisbasedlargelyonfishingandhunting.ScientistsattributecoastalerosioninShishmareftoglobalwarmingthathasthawedseaicethatonceshieldedtheislandfromstormsurges.Itslayerofpermanentlyfrozensoilonwhichitisbuilt,ismeltingasw

39、ell.ThevillagealreadyhasmovedseveralhomesandaNationalGuardArmoryawayfromitscoastlineandbuiltseawallsthathavehadlimitedsuccess.Since2014,morethan140tribesandtribalorganizationshavegottengovernmentfundingtohelpaddresstheimpactsofglobalwarming,itsaid.l. TheresidentsinShishmarefvotedtomovebecause.A. the

40、irvillageisbeingfloodedeveryyeartheshorelineoftheirislandisdisappearingB. theyfoundlessfishtobecaughtneartheseamostpeopleexpectedtoleadamodemlife2. Theresultofthevotessuggeststhatsomepeople.A. havenochoicebuttoremainhereB. havenomoneytomovetothemainlandC. realizethedangerofglobalwarmingCI. realizeth

41、edangerofglobalwarmingD. arereluctanttoleavetheirhome3. Whatisproblemwiththerelocation?A.Thecost.B.Theplace.C.Theweather.D.Thetransportation.4. Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A. CIimateChangeInfluencesanAmericanVillageAlaskaVillageRelocatesDuetoClimateChangeB. AVillageIsGoingtoMoveAllItsV

42、illagersRisingSeaWaterFloodsAwayaSmallVillageCThedaywillcomewhenrenewableenergysuchaswind,solar;geothermalandothersreplacefossilfuelsasthemajorsourceofworldenergy.Howevecmostanalystsinsistthatthisdaywillnotarriveformanyyearstocomecertainlywellpastthemiddleofthecentury.Systemsoffossilfuelshavealready

43、beenfirmlysetup,anditistoocostlyorimpracticaltoreplacetheexistingsystemswithrenewables.Buttherearegoodreasonstobelievethatthetransition（轉(zhuǎn)變）torenewableswillcomemuchfasterthanpreviouslythought.Itishardlysurprisingthatmanyexpertssaywewillseearelativelyslowtransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewables,givenwhat

44、isknownaboutpreviousenergychangesofthissort.Energytransitionstakealongtime,observedVaclavSmiloftheUniversityofManitobainScientificAmerican.Ittookmorethan50yearsforcoaltoreplacewoodastheworldsleadingsourceofenergyandanother50yearsforoiltoreplacecoal;thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewables,heargued,isnot

45、likelytocomeanyfaster.Underordinarycircumstances,Smilsforecastwouldnodoubtproveaccurate.Butthesearenotordinarytimes.GrowingconcernoverclimatechangeisleadingtoincreasinglystrictcontrolsonCO2andothergreenhousegas(GHG)emissions(排放)，whilethedevelopmentinrenewablestechnologyisloweringtheirpriceandspeedin

46、gtheirinstallation.Thereare,ofcourse,manydifficultiesintheeffectivecontrolofcarbonemissions,asdemonstratedbycoalcompaniestoblocktheintroductionofnewrulesbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Nevertheless,itisimpossibletodismisstheprogressbeingmadeatthelocalandinternationallevelstopromotetheuseofrenew

47、ables.TheEuropeanUnion(EU),forexample,iswellonthewaytoachievinga20%reductioninGHGemissionsfrom1990levelsby2020,alongwitha20%increaseintheuseofrenewableenergy.Thetransitiontorenewableswillbefasterduetodramaticimprovementsinthepricingandperformanceofsuchsystems.Asaresultofthesteadyincreasesintheeffici

48、encyofwindandsolarsystems,togetherwiththesavingsachievedthroughlarge-scalemanufacture,thepriceofrenewablesisfallingglobally.Withpricesdroppingthisfast,solarenergyisnowprovingcompetitivewithfossilfuelsforgeneratingelectricityinmanyareas.Thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewableenergywillnotcomeovernight,an

49、ditwillnotescapemanysetbacks.Nevertheless,renewablesarelikelytoreplacefossilfuelsasthemainsourceofelectricalpowerwellbeforemid-century.1.VaclavSmilbelievesthat.A. renewableenergiesarenotverypracticalthechangetorenewableswillcomeslowlyB. systemsoffossilfuelshavebeenfirmlysetuptherearemanysetbacksofre

50、newableenergies2. WecanlearnfromthepassagethatEuropeanUnion.A. hascutdownhalfofthecarbonemissionshasfailedtofindawaytoreduceGHGemissionsB. istryingtheirbesttoencouragetheuseofrenewablestriestostoptheintroductionofnewrulesonrenewables3. Therenewablesaremorecompetitivebecauseof.A. theirfallingpricesB.

51、thedeclineincoalindustryC.internationaltradeD.thenewrulesonCO2emission4. Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.A. callonpeopletouselessfossilfuelsgiveadviceonhowtopromoterenewablesB. arguethattheenergytransitionwillcomesoonerprovetherenewableswillbethemajorsourceofenergyDBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsoon

52、er,theworldsoceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,d

53、ependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheoceansappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theybu

54、rycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheoceanswarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascienti

55、stinMITsCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3C,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseof

56、theArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,shesaid,butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsa

57、id,itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecoiningdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.Itllbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecau

58、seofclimatechange,Dutkiewiczsaid,butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A. Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B. Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.persquaremile,itsafavouritewithbothlocalsandtourists.1. WhatdoweknowaboutBarcelonasBicyclingProgram?A. IthasdriventhedevelopmentofSpainsbikesharing.B. lthasoncebeenruinedbyfireaccidents.C. ltispopular