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1、不定式作賓語補足語的類型 動詞不定式既有動詞的性質(zhì),又有名詞的性質(zhì)。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能獨立作謂語。動詞不定式在句子中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語、同位語等:動詞不定式在句子中可以用作賓語補足語,常用的“動詞+賓語+不定式”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中。不定式作賓語補足語的有以下八種類型:(下列句子中劃線部分作賓語補足語) 一、許多動詞可跟一個賓語 + to do構(gòu)成句子,句中的不定式作賓語補足語;否定形式為“動詞+賓語+not to do”。例如:do sb/sth to do sth My boss told me to type out two letters. 分析:句
2、中“My boss”做主語,“told”作謂語,“me”作賓語,劃線部分作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。 They forbade her to leave the country.Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.高中范圍內(nèi),適用于“動詞+賓語+(not)to do”的結(jié)構(gòu),不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,t
3、each,tell,want,warn等。二、有些動詞可跟“賓語+to be”構(gòu)成句子,句中的不定式作賓語補足語。例如:I consider him to be the best candidate.分析:句中“I”做主語,“consider”作謂語,“him”作賓語,劃線部分作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。I know him to be a liar.I suppose him to be away from home.高中范圍內(nèi),適用于“動詞+賓語+to be”的結(jié)構(gòu),不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等。三、
4、有些動詞(感官動詞和使動詞)后可跟不帶to的不定式構(gòu)成句子,句中的不定式作賓語補足語。例如:He saw her enter the room.分析:句中“He”做主語,“saw”作謂語,“her”作賓語,劃線部分作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。She won't let me do it.I heard her lock the door.We watched the children play games.高中范圍內(nèi),適用于“動詞+賓語+do”的結(jié)構(gòu),不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。還有兩
5、個詞組:listen to,look at.注意:這類句子變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,不定式前加to。請看下列句子,句中劃線部分作賓語補足語。例如:A child was seen to enter the building.She was often he 3 在使役動詞后作賓語補足語,不定式不帶to。有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to,這些動詞有: 一感二聽三讓四觀看。 一感:feel 二聽:hear, listen to 三讓:le
6、t, have, make 四觀看:observe, see, watch, look at 這類動詞有:make, let, have等。轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時,其后通常都用帶to的不定式 (have沒有被動語態(tài))。 What would you have me do? 你要我做什么? She made
7、60;him give up smoking. 她讓他戒了煙。 Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就讓他干吧。 ard to sing this song.四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美國人不加to時較多),但被動結(jié)構(gòu)中要加to。例如:I'll help you(to) push the cart.
8、分析:句中“I”做主語,“will help”作謂語,“you”作賓語,劃線部分作賓語補足語。上句的被動語態(tài)為:You'll be helped to push the cart.五、有些“動詞+介詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)后也可跟不定式構(gòu)成句子,句中的不定式作賓語補足語。例如:He shouted to me to come over.分析:句中“He”做主語,“shouted”作謂語,“to”為介詞,“me”作賓語,劃線部分作賓語補足語。請看下列句子,句子的結(jié)構(gòu)為“動詞+介詞+賓語+to do”,劃線部分為不定式,作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。I depend on you to do it.I
9、am counting on you to help me through.高中范圍內(nèi),適用于“動詞+介詞+賓語+to do”的結(jié)構(gòu),不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:shout to sb.to do,call on sb. to do,count on sb. to do,depend on sb. to do,wait for sb. to do等。六、作賓語補足語的不定式,表示的動作在謂語所表示情況之前發(fā)生,就需要用完成形式:He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.分析:句中“He”做主語,“wa
10、s known”作謂語,使用了被動語態(tài)。由句意可知,“為國際奧委會工作”發(fā)生在前,“大家知道”發(fā)生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。They are believed to have discussed the problem.七、作賓語補足語的不定式,表示一個正在進行的動作時需用進行形式:He is believed to be living in Mexico.分析:句中“He”做主語,“isbelieved”作謂語,使用了被動語態(tài)。由于句子表達主語現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況,故用不定式的進行形式,句中劃線部分作賓語補足語。請看下列句子。Thousands were
11、 reported to be working in concentration camps.He is thought to be hiding in the woods.間或不定式作賓語補足語也可用于完成進行時。例如:She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.八、不定式作賓語補足語的被動形式:he didn't want her son to be taken away.分析:句中“She”做主語,“didn't want”作謂語,“her son”作賓語,由于“her son”與“take away
12、”之間為被動關(guān)系,故用被動形式,句中劃線部分作賓語補足語。請看下列句子。I'd like this room to be redecorated.He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.練習(xí): 1.They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.(1988全國) A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow2. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.(20
13、03北京) A. don't make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 3. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.(2004北京) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 4.The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in t
14、he cells inside the human nose and throat.(2004上海) A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 5.-Is Bob still performing?-I'm afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.(2005江蘇) A. to have left B. to leave C. to have be
15、en left D. to be left 6.The mother felt herself _ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.(2006上海)A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown 7.Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006上海) A. to mak
16、e B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making答案:1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B (編輯:趙露) 5 2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to h
17、ave it _. A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended 3. Though he had often made his little sister _,
18、60;today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 4. They would not allow h
19、im _ across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 5. I
20、60;found the door _ when I got home. A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open
21、;6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do
22、0; C. not do D. do not to 7. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_. A. going on B. goes on
23、60; C. went on D. to go on 8. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled
24、 B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 9. I advised _ at once. A. him to starting
25、; B. him to start C. to starting D. to start 10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his
26、60;heart still _. A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating 11. You had better get a doctor _ your bad to
27、oth. A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out 12. He managed to make himself with his_ Engl
28、ish. A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken B. C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken
29、0;13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _. A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing
30、;14. They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. install B. to install C. to be installed
31、0; D. installed 6 15. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _. A. being settled B. to be settled C.&
32、#160;had settled D. as settled 16. You will see this product _ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise
33、0; D. advertising 17. His remarks left me _ about his real purpose. A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering
34、160;18. When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. A. cheating B. cheat C. t
35、o cheat D. to be cheating 19. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry; to&
36、#160;cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 20. Did you intend us _ the new metho
37、d? A. using B. to use C. using D. are using 21. The teacher encouraged us _ good compositions. A. Writing B. written
38、160; C. to write D. is writing 22. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not
39、160;to do C. not do it D. do not to 23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A .it
40、 B. it repaired C .repaired D. to be repaired 24. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newlyelected preside
41、nt is having a hard time. A .settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 25. With trees, flowers and
42、0;grass_ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look. A. planting B. planted C. to plant
43、 D .to be planted 26. She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking &
44、#160;7 27. The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know
45、160; D. to be known 28. I can make you _what I say, but you cant make yourself _ in English. A. understand; understand &
46、#160; B .understand, understood C to understand, understand D. understand; to be understood 29. He found them _ at
47、 a table_. A. sat; to play chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess 30. John rushed
48、60;out in a hurry, _ the door_. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocking 31. We are pleased
49、60;to see the problem_ so quickly. A. settled B. settling C. be settled D. having been settled 32. I co
50、uld feel the wind _on my face from an open window. A .to blow B .blowing C. to be blowing
51、160; D .blown 33. _ production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 34. _ everything _
52、;, she left the supermarket with satisfaction. A. As, buying B. For, to buy C. With, bought D .Because, to buy 35. Dont leave
53、the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津2004) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 36. He lo
54、oked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put
55、160; D. putting 37. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (重慶 2004) A. worried B. to worry&
56、#160; C. worrying D. worry 38. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京2003) A. dont make B. not make C.
57、 not making D. not to make 39. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear 8 warnings before firing any shots.
58、(上海2003) A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 40.Good morning. Can I help you? I'd like
59、160;to have this package _ ,Madame. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 41. Father will not
60、160;_us to use his recorders. A. have B. let C .agree D. allow 42. John was made _the truck for a week as punishment.
61、160; A .to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 43. The missing boys were last seen _ near the r
62、iver. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 44. Paul doesn't have to be made&
63、#160;_ .He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C .learned D. learning 45. Seeing the sun _ above the surface of the sea, we let out a
64、;shout of joy. A. to rise B. to raise C. rising D .raising 46. I was disappointed to find his suggestions _ . A been turned down
65、 B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down 47. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat to
66、0; B. eating not C .not to eat D not eating 48. The speaker raised her voice but still couldnt make herself _. A.
67、 hear B. hearing C. to hear D. heard 49. If you go to Xian, youll find the pal
68、aces there more magnificent than commonly _. A. supposing B. to suppose C. supposed D. suppose 50. Its so
69、60;cold today, we must keep the fire _. A. to burn B. burning C. burn D. burnt 51. The mother was a
70、sked _ let her children _ TV every evening; A. not to; watch B. not to; to watch C. not; watch D. not; watching 52. They didnt
71、160;observe her _ in and go upstairs. A. come B. came C. to come D. coming 53. How about the two of us _
72、60;a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) 9 A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 54. I ha
73、ve had my bike , and Im going to have somebody my radio tomorrow. A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing 55. the room, the nurse found the tape recorder
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