UnitSpeech at the Graveside of Karl Marx答案綜合教程二

1、Unit 13 Speech at the Graveside of Karl MarxKey to the ExercisesText ComprehensionI. BII. 1-5. T T F T FIV. 1. . before a man can engage himself in politics, science, art, religion, etc., he has, first of all, to satisfy his primary needs for food, clothing and housing; and the production of these i

2、mmediate needs, together with the economic progress made by a certain people or within a certain time, provides the basis on which the people concerned gradually develop their state institutions, their legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion.2. He treated all this with contempt, ignor

3、ing it, as if brushing away annoying but insignificant cobweb. He reacted to it only when he found it absolutely necessary and had no other choice.VocabularyI. Phrase1. in the light of: in view of 由于，鑒于，考慮到2. vice versa: the other way around, a phrase here indicating that the reverse of what has bee

4、n said is also true 反之亦然3. was not even half the man: was only a small part of the mans achievements4. before all else: first of all 首先5. in one way or another: in some manner 想方設(shè)法II.1. evolve; 2. vice versa; 3. present-day; 4. envisage; 5. overthrew; 6. a host of; 7. brushed aside; 8. revered.III.

5、Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. organically 2. illegally 3. critical 4. superficial 5. Theoretically 6. passionate 7. militantly 8. conservatively IV.1. B; 2. D; 3. C; 4. D; 5. A; 6. D; 7. A; 8. B.V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of

6、the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: calmly2. Antonym: inorganic3. Antonym: measurable, limited4. Antonym: revealed, exposed5. Antonym: nonlegal (non-legal)6. Antonym: unconscious, unaware7. Antonym: progressive, liberal, radical8. Synonym: lastVI. SuffixWrite in

7、each space one word that has the same suffix as underlined in each given word.1. musician technician 2. engineer mountaineer3. zoology geology 4. geography telegraphy5. sympathy empathy 6. linguistics politics7. friendship leadership 8. arrangement encouragementGrammar ExercisesI. Complete the follo

8、wing sentences with the past perfect or past perfect progressive of the verbs in brackets.1. had been talking; 2. had been working;3. had worked4. had been applying; 5. had broken; 6. had been standing;7. had swallowed8. had beenII.1. hasnt been lived in / has been empty;2. had been working for the

9、company;3. had been waiting for me for half an hour;4. had had lunch;5. had sailed four days and four nights;6. had stormed out of the room;7. had prepared the meal;8. he had seem me.III.had lowered; developed; is; crossed; had been looking; took; stayed; moved; had been living; arrived; had been se

10、arching; called.IV.came; deposited; had been left; was entitled; were lent; kept; was; borrowed; conceived; promised; began; received; remained; developed; became.V. Indicate which sentence in each of the pairs is preferable.1. a; 2. a;3. a. Children use the telephone so often, and their parents bec

11、ome angry, and they have it disconnected.Preferable: b. Because children use the telephone so often, they anger their parents, who have it disconnected.4. a. Charlie had a small piece of cake after dinner, although it was not on his diet.Preferable: b. Although cake was not on his diet, Charlie had

12、a small piece after dinner.5. b; 6. b; 7. a.Translation exercisesI.1. 這個人的逝世，對于歐美戰(zhàn)斗的無產(chǎn)階級，對于歷史科學(xué)，都是不可估量的損失。2. 剩余價值的發(fā)現(xiàn)，使這個問題豁然明朗，而先前無論資產(chǎn)階級經(jīng)濟學(xué)家或者社會主義批評家未解決這一難題所做的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。3. 任何一門理論科學(xué)中的每一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)它的實際應(yīng)用也許還根本無法預(yù)見都使馬克思感到由衷的喜悅，而當(dāng)他看到那種對工業(yè)、對一般歷史發(fā)展立即產(chǎn)生革命性影響的發(fā)現(xiàn)的時候，他的喜悅就非同尋常了。4. 他對這一切毫不在意，把它們當(dāng)作蛛絲一樣輕輕拂去，只是在萬不得已時

13、才給以回敬。II.1. Although she has been learning English for ten years, she is still not able to make herself understood in the language because she has not paid enough attention to oral English.2. Just as our ancestors opened up the ancient Silk Road from China to Europe, so Columbus discovered the sea r

14、oute between Europe and America.3. When he heard about Marys reconciliation with John, he was so jealous that he was not able to conceal his disappointment.4. That scientist was doing a research project in order to throw some light on the natural laws governing the ageing of human beings.5. Im sorry

15、 I gave away the secret because I was not conscious of him standing nearby when I was talking to you.6. Nothing in the world can rival the human brain, not even the most advanced computer we can envisage.7. In addition to submitting a term paper, students taking this course will have to write at lea

16、st three book reports.8. The two classes are vying for the opportunity to represent our university in the provincial debating competition.Exercises for integrated skillsI. DictationKarl Marx was the most important of all socialist thinkers / and the creator of a system of thought called Marxism, / a

17、nd the political system called Communism. / Marx developed his revolutionary theories / over a period of four decades beginning in 1843. / He formulated his theories / with the intention to liberate wage workers or laborers / from the capitalist societies of nineteenth-century Europe. / He maintaine

18、d that in order to emancipate humanity / from economic domination, / a social revolution was needed. / He helped organize the international socialist movement. / His ideas motivated radical political activists / who joined his call to overthrow capitalism. / Marxism, / reduced to the theory that all

19、 events are caused by economic self interest, / had a strong influence on many areas of thought / from politics to history to literature.II. Cloze(1) that (2) in (3) that (4) to (5) by (6) as (7) who (8) as (9) of (10) its Writing Practice Write two paragraphs based on the topic sentences given belo

20、w. While writing, use variation of sentence patterns, so that your writing might be coherent and clear, but not boring.1. Families living on welfare grants also have the right to keep a pet.Ideas for reference:Raising a pet animal in a poor household does not involve much money.The presence of a pet

21、 animal in a poor household indicates the special mental needs of those disadvantaged people.A loyal pet is a mute but eloquent argument against the necessity of many worldly possessions.Sample:Nowadays, there has been much controversy over whether receivers of poor relief should be allowed to raise

22、 an animal as a pet. Some believe that if a household can afford to support an extra creature besides themselves, then it is not really in such financial straits that qualify it for governmental provision. But others dont think so. And they believe that raising a pet animal in a poor household does

23、not involve much money. Instead, it requires lots of care and attention, of which a poor family often has a large supply. Under no circumstances would they ever abandon their pet which has long kept them company and has perhaps been regarded as one of them. The presence of a pet animal in a poor hou

24、sehold indicates the special mental needs of those disadvantaged people. As much as one needs to feel loved and find desired help always available in this world, one needs to feel that they have the power to love and help others. To that need a pet answers precisely. Powerless and dependent, a pet r

25、elies on its owner to live a decent life, unlike those stray animals which were exposed to a whole variety of risks and miseries. In addition, a loyal pet is a mute but eloquent argument against the necessity of many worldly possessions. People who have almost nothing to their names want to believe

26、in that. From what have been discussed above, we may easily come to the conclusion that poor families should be allowed to keep their pets.2. Receivers of unemployment benefits should not be allowed to keep a pet.Ideas for reference:Many dogs running around in the residential quarters are owned by s

27、uch jobless benefit receivers.Reports of wealthy people living on welfare grants are carried in newspapers now and then.Government should take its responsibility and make its policy be carried out soundly, letting those who are really in need benefit from it.Sample:Recently, my mother has an unhappy

28、 experience attacked by a fierce dog in our apartment building when she was just back from work. Not by sheer chance, the beast is owned by a jobless woman in her late forties, living on a monthly grant from the government. Actually many of the notorious dogs running around in our residential quarte

29、rs are owned by such jobless benefit receivers. However, many of them are not really poor. The woman who pets the bad dog that attacked my mother, for example, is quite a wealthy lady. Her husband has a good job with a high income. Her son is studying in America. The dog which she walks and shows of

30、f in our neighborhood is only the solid evidence of their comfortable life. How unfortunate the society it is and reports of such wealthy people living on welfare grants are carried in newspapers now and then. They take advantage of the current social relief policy and get to enjoy governmental supp

31、ort by telling lies about their financial situation. But their pets give them away. Their unemployment has come as a result of their own choice. Unfair! That is unfair to honest people, who work hard to earn their own living and provide for their children, without extra time, money, or energy to rai

32、se a pet. Admittedly there are jobless pet-owners who live a miserable life. They were just forced out of work, and their pets are a source of consolation for them. In spite of that, the presence of these pets is a slap in the face for the millions of poorest people confined in the least developed a

33、reas of the country. Hard as they might work, they are unable to keep body and soul together. It is a slap in the face for those unfortunate children who drop out of school because of poverty. In this case, we need to say that government should take its responsibility and make its policy be carried

34、out soundly, letting those who are really in need benefit from it. All in all, Im strongly in favor of the proposal that pet-owners be denied unemployment relief.Listening ExercisesListen to the following passage and supply the missing information.In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of

35、observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in co

36、nstant motion .A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized , scientists design experiments to test the theory . If observations confirm the scientists predictions, the theory is supported . If observations do not confirm the predicti