七年級(jí)語(yǔ)法及課文

1、Unit 6 Travelling around Asia Grammar一條件狀語(yǔ)從句的概念條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的條件。即在某種條件下，一件事情可能發(fā)生。在英語(yǔ)中由連接詞if或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫做條件狀語(yǔ)從句。條件是指某一件事情實(shí)現(xiàn)之后（狀語(yǔ)從句中），一件事情（主句）才能發(fā)生，通常譯作“假如，只要，如果”等意思。條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)要遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。即，主句是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。二. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. If conj . 如果，假如If you ask him，he will help you如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙，他會(huì)幫你的。 I

2、f you fail in the exam，you will let him down如果你考試不及格，你會(huì)讓他失望的。 2. unless conj.除非,若不,除非在的時(shí)候 （if .not.）You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,你就不能及時(shí)趕到那兒。 Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比賽將照常進(jìn)行。3. so/as long as conj.只要 You may borrow my book as long as you

3、 keep it clean. 只要你保持書的清潔，你就可以把我的書借去。三關(guān)于條件句的時(shí)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有以下三種情況： 1、條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients. 我長(zhǎng)大后要當(dāng)一名護(hù)士，照顧病人。 2、如果主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 If you want to have a chat ,call me up.如果你想聊天，打我電話。3、如果主句是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。You should be quiet when you ar

4、e in the reading room. 在閱覽室時(shí)應(yīng)保持安靜。 四知識(shí)拓展1. 在以when，before，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，也適用“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.當(dāng)她回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我將把這個(gè)好消息告訴她。 she will give you a call as soon as she returns.她一回來(lái)就會(huì)給你電話。2. If條件句的同義句：祈使句，and /or+將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的陳述句。Work hard ,and you wil

5、l make great progress.=If you work hard,you will make great progress.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你才會(huì)取得大的進(jìn)步。Hurry up, or you will be late.=If you dont hurry up.you will be late.如果你不快點(diǎn)，你就要遲到了。Unit 6 Travelling around Asia Reading1. Reading an article about Shanghai in a travel guide.讀旅行指南中一篇有關(guān)上海的文章。travel guide“旅游指南，旅游手冊(cè)

6、”，可以簡(jiǎn)稱為guide.I need a travel guide. A travel guide is very important for you.此外，guide作可數(shù)名詞，意為“手冊(cè)，指南，導(dǎo)游”；作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“引著參觀”。 Make a travel guide.做一本旅游手冊(cè)。 I will buy a guide for travellers.我將買一本旅游指南。 She guides the tourists around the city.她引著游客參觀這個(gè)城市。2. Listen to a girl talking about three cities in Asia

7、.聽(tīng)一個(gè)女孩談?wù)搧喼奕齻€(gè)城市。Asia名詞，意為“亞洲”；Asian，“亞洲的，嚴(yán)洲人的；亞洲人”。East Asia東亞 China is in East Asia.中國(guó)在東亞。China is an Asian country. We are Asians.3. Tell your classmate about some places of interest.告訴你同學(xué)一些名勝。place of interest“名勝”There are many places of interest in China.The Great Wall is a place of interest.4. M

8、y head was made there.我的頭就產(chǎn)于那兒。 be made in+地點(diǎn)，意為“產(chǎn)于某地”，由于there是地點(diǎn)副詞，故去掉介詞in.成品+be made in+地點(diǎn)產(chǎn)于某地原料+be made into+成品被制成成品+be made of+ 原料（看得出，物理）由制成成品+be made by+制造者被制造成品+be made from+原料（看不出，化學(xué)）由制成My piano is made in Beijing. The birthday cake is made by my mother.The table is made of wood. Wine is mad

9、e from grapes.Grapes are made into wine. The bike is made in China.5. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。 “one of+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞”意為“最之一”，當(dāng)其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the tallest boys in our class. One of us has a travel guide.6. If you like sightseeing, you will

10、love it!如果你喜歡觀光，你會(huì)愛(ài)上它的！ (1) 本句為含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。主句也可以用祈使句或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子。if意為“如果”。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, Ill visit the Great Wall with you. (2) sightseeing名詞，“觀光、游覽” go sightseeing去觀光do some sightseeing游覽Why do you go sightseeing? Were going to do some sightseeing because we l

11、ike its culture.7. Peoples Square is in the centre of Shanghai.人民廣場(chǎng)在上海的中心。in the centre of意為“在的中心” There is a park in the centre of the city. (1) at/ in the centre of 強(qiáng)調(diào)“在中心，在中央”。 in the middle of 強(qiáng)調(diào)“在（時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、過(guò)程等）的中間”。He lives in the centre of the town. Dont stand in the middle of the road.(2)centre名

12、詞，意為“中心點(diǎn)，中心”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)點(diǎn)，習(xí)慣上指空間的“中央”，如圓、球體、靶子的“正中心”；另外，centre還可表示中心區(qū)、中心站或重要活動(dòng)的中心。 The centre of the circle the shopping centre Hong Kong is a shopping centre.8. It is a large public area with green grass, fountains and birds.它是有綠草、噴泉和鳥(niǎo)兒的大公共地區(qū)。 a large public area“大型公眾區(qū)域”，我們常用public area來(lái)指“公共場(chǎng)所、公共區(qū)域” are

13、a名詞，“區(qū)域；地區(qū)”，還可指“面積”They will build a garden in this area.他們將在這個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)建一座花園。In some areas, the children walk to school.在有些地區(qū)，孩子們走著去上學(xué)。 介詞with表示“帶有”的意思。 The teacher cames in with a book in his hand. 老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，手里拿了一本書。9. If you visit Peoples Square, you can also see famous building around it, such as the Sha

14、nghai Guand Theatre and the Shanghai Museum.如果你到了人民廣場(chǎng)游覽，你還可以看到周邊的著名建筑，如上海大劇院和上海博物館。 介詞“around”意思是“在周圍” They went around the town and looked at the shops.可數(shù)名詞building,意為“建筑物”；及物動(dòng)詞build，意為“建筑，建造”。They will build many buildings in our school. There are two teaching buildings in our school. tall buildin

15、gs高樓10. The Bund is where old Shanghai meets new Shanghai.外灘是新舊上海交匯的地方。 這是一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。是高中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，理解含義即可。11. If you walk along the Bund, you will see many old buildings.如果你沿著外灘漫步，你將看到很多老建筑。walk along“沿著走” When we walked along the beach, we saw a whale. Walk along this road, and take the secon

16、d turning on the right.12. The Pudong New Area, just across the Huangpu River, has many modern buildings.就在黃浦江對(duì)岸的浦東新區(qū)有著很多現(xiàn)代建筑。(1) 副詞just，意為“正好，恰好”，常用于肯定句。Thats just what I wanted. Its just seven oclock. (2) across介詞，意為“在對(duì)面”; across from意為“在對(duì)過(guò)” The Smiths live just across the river. They live across

17、from us. across作介詞“穿過(guò)，橫過(guò)”之意，著重從事物表過(guò)的一邊到另一邊；介詞through意為“穿過(guò)”，但它著重指從空間一頭到另一頭。 Dont walk across the road. Light comes in through the window.13. At night, these tall buildings light up the sky in every direction.晚上，這些高樓照亮了四面八方的天空。(1) at night“夜晚，在夜里”(2) light up意為“點(diǎn)亮，照亮”Fire lights up the room. Its time

18、to light up the candle. light動(dòng)詞，意為“照亮，使明亮”，過(guò)去式為lighted/ lit. light名詞，意為“光，光線”Light travels faster than sound. light形容詞，意為“輕的，淺色的，明亮的”light music light green a light classroom明亮的教室direction可數(shù)名詞，意為“方向”。 Sound comes in the direction.He looks at the room in every direction.他看看房子四周。注：表示“朝方向”，用介詞in，而不用to.

19、 in all directions= in every direction.四面八方14. Yu Garden is a traditional garden.豫園是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的花園。 形容詞traditional意為“傳統(tǒng)的”。 Dumplings are traditional food in China. 名詞“tradition”意為“傳統(tǒng)”。We have lots of traditions.15. If you enjoy history and natural beauty.如要你喜愛(ài)歷史和自然美 形容詞natural，意為“自然的，天然的”; 名詞nature，意為“自然，自

20、然界”名詞beauty,意為“美人，美的東西；美麗”；形容詞beautiful,意為“美的，優(yōu)美的” There are many plants in the natural world. We all like natural beauty. Nature is the most beautiful in spring. natural gas天然氣 natural science自然科學(xué) natural beauty自然美beauty shop美容院16. You can also buy different snacks just outside the garden.你也能在花園外買到

21、不同的小吃。介詞outside,意為“在外面”，反義詞為inside.相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：at the outside至多，充其量outside and in里里外外outside in徹底的He goes outside the house. Please wait outside the school gate.17. Sightseeing usually refers to觀光通常是指 refer to意為“提到，涉及，指的是” When I say the thing, I dont refer to you.當(dāng)我說(shuō)這件事時(shí)，我不是指你。 Please dont refer to it aga

22、in.（回憶：pay for it） referto意為“把提交給”，“把歸功于”（相當(dāng)于ownto），此處refer是及物動(dòng)詞。 They refer the thief to the police.他們把小偷交給了警察。18. Where else can I go?我還可以去哪兒？ 通常else意為“別的，另外”，修飾不定代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞，通常后置。 What else do you want?你還想要什么？ Anything else?還有別的嗎？ else與otherelse常用于修飾不定代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞，也可修飾all, much, little等詞，放在其后，作后

23、置定語(yǔ)。此外，else還可以構(gòu)成名詞所有格，即elses，意為“另外的，其他的人或物的”。Why didnt you come? Everyone else was here.Im taking a few clothes and some books, not much else.That must be someone elses pen. Its not my elder sisters.other作形容詞,用以修飾名詞或代詞，作定語(yǔ);此外，other可作代詞，可以單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為others.We learn Chinese, maths, English and

24、some other subjects at school.Some students are playing under the tree, others are flying kites over there.拓展部分19.People in Beijing like eating dumpings.北京人喜歡吃水餃。 介詞短語(yǔ)in Beijing，意為“在北京”。英語(yǔ)中介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常后置。 The students on duty always come early.值日的學(xué)生總是早來(lái)。 eating dumplings是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，意為“吃水餃”，動(dòng)名詞在句中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表

25、語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 I like eating ice cream. Eating too much isnt good for you. My hobby is collecting stamps. dumping可數(shù)名詞，意為“水餃”，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式dumplings. I like pork dumplings.20. There are famous temples.有著名的寺廟。temple可數(shù)名詞，意為“廟；寺”；此外，還有“太陽(yáng)穴，鬢角”之意。My temples ache.21. The main clause talks about the likely resul

26、t.主句談?wù)摽赡艿慕Y(jié)果。(1)talk about意為“談?wù)摗薄ets talk about this question. talk to/ with sb.意為“與某人交談”。Talk to指一方主動(dòng)和對(duì)方說(shuō)話；talk with指雙方互動(dòng)在交談。talk of意為“談到，涉及” (2)likely形容詞，意為“可能的”，可以作定語(yǔ)或構(gòu)成be likely to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，likely在此結(jié)構(gòu)中作表語(yǔ)。The likely time to find him is at night. Who is likely to win the match?likely表示有充分根據(jù)的預(yù)測(cè)，p

27、ossible指客觀上潛在的可能性likely既可由人作主語(yǔ)，也可由物作主語(yǔ)，通常用于It is likely that中；possible不能由人做主語(yǔ)。 He is likely to come late.It's possible for him to come early.22. I sometimes bring the wrong books to school.我有時(shí)候上學(xué)帶錯(cuò)書。 bring“帶來(lái)”，是指把某物從別的地方帶到說(shuō)話的地方來(lái)。Take“帶走”，get/fetch“去取”。 Can you bring your photos to school?23. I w

28、as away from school today.我今天離開(kāi)了學(xué)校。 be away from離開(kāi) He is away from home. My elder brother has been away from us for two years.24. I always feel tired in the morning.我在早上總是覺(jué)得累。 feel tired意為“感到累”，feel是連系動(dòng)詞（感官動(dòng)詞），其后常跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 The silk dress feel soft.25. I do not know what this word mean.我不知道這個(gè)單詞是什么意思。

29、(1)mean及物動(dòng)詞，意為“意思是”；名詞為meaning.Whats the meaning of？意為“的意思是什么？”What does this word mean?= What do you mean by this word? (2)what this word means在句中作賓語(yǔ)，稱之為賓語(yǔ)從句。What是引導(dǎo)詞，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。 I know where he lives.26. Mums advice媽媽的建議advice不可數(shù)名詞，意為“建議；勸告；忠告”，表示“一條建議”用a piece of advice.give sb. advice/ give advic

30、e to sb.給某人提建議give sb. advice on sth.在某方面給某人提建議ask sb. for advice征求某人的意見(jiàn)take/ follow sb.s advice接受某人的意思advice的動(dòng)詞形式為advise advise sb to do sth.如：He advises me to get up early.27. you will know which books to bring, 你會(huì)知道帶哪些書。 Which books to bring是疑問(wèn)詞與不定式連用，作動(dòng)詞know的賓語(yǔ)。在英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式可以用在疑問(wèn)詞what, how, where,

31、 which等后面，在句中作賓語(yǔ)等。 I dont know what to do. Can you tell me how to get to the library.28. If you make the wheels round如果你讓輪子變圓 make the wheels round意為“使輪子變圓” make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) He makes me happy.make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞做賓補(bǔ) Rainy days make me sad.make+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)) Tom often makes us laugh.29. The seeds will grow if

32、you plant them in the soil.如果你把它們種在土壤里，這些種子會(huì)生長(zhǎng)。 plant及物動(dòng)詞，意為“種植”，一般指“栽上，種下”，是一種涉及時(shí)間較短的動(dòng)作或活動(dòng)；grow及物動(dòng)詞，意為“種植”，包含“種下”及以后的培育的過(guò)程。涉及時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，可后作是一種過(guò)程或狀態(tài)。 His job is to grow flowers.30. put on“穿上，戴上”，反方詞組為take off“脫下”，這兩個(gè)詞組都是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不能用來(lái)表示狀態(tài)。 wear“穿著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 put on a shirt put a shirt on/ put it on31. go bad“變質(zhì)” 此

33、處go為連系動(dòng)詞，意為“處于狀態(tài)”，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。表示“變”的連系動(dòng)詞有四個(gè)：get多指時(shí)間、天氣變化 Its getting dark.turn多指顏色變化 His face turns red.become多指逐漸變化 He is becoming famous.go多指質(zhì)的變化 The mild is sour. It goes bad.32. We watch television for pleasure.我們看電視娛樂(lè)。 名詞pleasure，意為“愉快，高興，樂(lè)事”；形容詞pleasant,意為“令人愉快的，愜意的”，常作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)；形容詞pleased，表示“高興的，喜歡的

34、”，相當(dāng)于happy或glad,常作表語(yǔ)，與with連用，表示“對(duì)感到滿意” Its a pleasant trip. Our teacher is pleased with us.33. Its in the north-west of Beijing.它在北京的西北部。 in the north-west of意為“在的西北部”; in the north-east of“在的東北部”；in the south-east of 意為“在東南部”；in the south-west of“在的西南部” 總結(jié)：in+ the +方位名詞+of 表示“在的某個(gè)方位”in, on, to表達(dá)方位：

35、in表示在內(nèi)部; on表示在外部且接壤;to 表示在外部且不接壤34. You will see a lot of old buildings and temples. 你會(huì)看到很多古老建筑和寺廟。 a lot of= lots of意為“許多”，后面可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，或不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于many/ much. I have a lot of books. There is a lot of rain this summer. a lot意為“非常，十分”，相當(dāng)于much或very much，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 I like apples a lot. I feel a lot better.35

36、. Places to visit in Shanghai 在上海游覽的地方 place to visit意為“游覽的地方”，此處動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾place.36. Tourists can buy things in the large shops.游客能在大商店里買東西。 in和at都可表示地點(diǎn)，而in表示的地點(diǎn)在at表示的地點(diǎn)大。 in the factory in the room in the sun in the middle of at home at a bus stop37. There are some expensive shops and also some

37、cheap ones.有一些昂貴的商店，也有一些便宜的商店. ones在此處作代詞，是one的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指前面提到過(guò)的某些人或某些物。前面可帶冠詞、基數(shù)詞或物主代詞。 These coats are too expensive.Please show me some cheap ones. There are a lot of sweaters in our shop.The woolen ones are there.38. One of the most interesting places in Hong Kong is Ocean Park.在香港最有趣的地方之一是海洋公園。 int

38、eresting作形容詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，主要表示某物“有趣的”；interested作形容詞，意為“感興趣的”，常用詞組是be interested in“某人對(duì)某物感興趣” The boy is very interested in playing computer games.39. or get a birds-eye view of the whole park by riding in a cable car.或通過(guò)坐纜車?guó)B瞰整個(gè)公園。 (1)whole作形容詞，意為“全部的，所有的，完整的”；作名詞，意為“全部，全體，整體”。 the whole school I have finished the whole of it.whole一般與普通形容詞一樣，將冠詞、物主代詞等限定詞放在其前，而all要把限定詞放在其后。my whole life= all my life the whole school= all the schoolwhole一般不修飾不可數(shù)名詞或物質(zhì)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般在其前加數(shù)量詞，而all能用于各種情況。three whole days all the money (2) by riding“通過(guò)乘”介詞b