西方經濟學詞匯(中英文對照)

1、2. Macroeconomics 宏觀經濟學3. Primary sector 第一產業(yè)4. Secondary sector 第二產業(yè)5. Tertiary sector 第三產業(yè)6. Opportunity cost 機會成本7. Scarcity 稀缺8. Production possibility frontier 生產可能性邊界9. Production possibility curve 生產可能性曲線10. Factors of production 生產要素11. Demand 需求12. Demand curve 需求曲線13. Supply 供給14. Supply c

2、urve 供給曲線15. Marginal utility邊際效用16. Total utility總效用17. Elasticity 彈性18. Price elasticity of demand 需求的價格彈性19. Cross elasticity of demand 需求的交叉彈性20. Income elasticity of demand 需求的收入彈性21. Equilibrium 均衡22. Equilibrium price 均衡價格23. Short run短期24. Long run長期25. Consumer surplus消費者剩余26. Producer surp

3、lus生產者剩余27. Externalities 外部性28. negative externalities 負的外部性29. positive externalities 正的外部性30. the law of diminishing marginal utility 邊際效用遞減規(guī)律 31. budget line 預算線32. Marginal 邊際33. Marginal cost 邊際成本34. Marginal revenue邊際收益35. Merit goods 有益品36. Demerit goods 有害品37. public goods公共品38. quasi-publi

4、c goods 準公共品39. private goods 私有品40. moral hazard 道德危險41. adverse selection 逆向選擇42. Average 平均43. Average product 平均產量44. fixed costs 固定成本46. average costs 平均成本47. diseconomy of scale規(guī)模不經濟48. specialization 專業(yè)化49. Cost minimization 成本最小化50. Input 投入51. Normal profit正常利潤52. Abnormal profit超額利潤53. Pro

5、ductive efficiency 生產效率54. Perfect competition完全競爭55. Monopoly 壟斷56. barrier to entry 進入障礙57. Product differentiation差異產品58. Monopolistic competition 壟斷競爭59. Price discrimination 價格歧視60. oligopoly 寡頭61. Duopoly 雙寡頭62. Nash equilibrium納什均衡63. Game theory 博弈論64. Marginal product of labour 勞動的邊際產量65. D

6、emand for labour 對勞動力的需求66. Aggregate demand 總需求67. Marginal cost of labour 勞動的邊際成本68. Elasticity of demand for labor 勞動力的需求彈性69. Paradox of thrift 節(jié)約悖論70. Price level 價格水平71. Trade unions 行會,商會72. Perfectly competitive labour market 完全競爭勞動力市場 73. Transfer earnings 轉讓收益74. Gross Domestic Product 國內生

7、產總值75. Gross National Product 國民生產總值76. money GDP 名義 GDP77. real GDP 實際 GDP78. Aggregate supply 總供給79. nominal value 名義價值80. real value 實際價值81. Injections 注入82. Withdrawals 漏出83. Consumption 消費84. budget deficit 預算赤字85. budget surplus 預算盈余86. balanced budget 均衡預算87. Keynesians 凱恩斯主義學派88. Monetarists

8、 貨幣主義學派89. Savings 儲蓄90. average propensity to consume 平均消費傾向 91. average propensity to save 平均儲蓄傾向 92. marginal propensity to consume 邊際消費傾向 93. marginal propensity to save 邊際儲蓄傾向 94. Investment 投資95. government spending 政府支出96. export 出口97. import 進口98. Accelerator 加速器99. Interest 利息率100. The mult

9、iplier乘數(shù)101. Full employments完全就業(yè)102. balance of payments 國際收支平衡表103. deficit 赤字104. surplus 盈余105. Demand side policies 需求方面政策106. Supply side policies 供給方面政策107. Reflationary policies 再膨脹政策108. Deflationary policies 通貨緊縮政策109. inflation 通貨膨脹110. deflation 通貨緊縮111. Inflationary gap通貨膨脹缺口112. Deflat

10、ionary gap通貨緊縮缺口113. Automatic stabilizer自動穩(wěn)定器114. Expansionary police擴張政策115. Contractionary policy緊縮政策116. Keynesian fiscal policy凱恩斯財政政策117. fiscal policy 財政政策118. monetary policy 貨幣政策119. exchange policy 匯率政策120. liquidity trap 流動性陷進121. transaction motive 交易動機122. precautionary motive 預防動機123. speculative motive 投機動機124. cost-push inflation 成本推動型的通貨膨脹 125. retail price index 零售價格指數(shù)126. redistribution of income 收入再分配127. new classical 新古典主義128. absolute advantage 絕對優(yōu)勢129. comparative advantage相對優(yōu)勢130. free trade自由貿易131. economies of scale規(guī)模經濟132. quotas 配額133. exchange controls外匯管制 134.