牛津上海版9A Unit 1 輔導講義

1、.老師姓名學生姓名年 級九上上課時間學 科英語課題名稱9A Unit 1 Ancient Greece教學目的掌握課內(nèi)根底單詞和詞組的常用搭配教學重難點如今完成時的運用一、知識點1. luck n. 運氣 Wish you good luck！ 祝你好運！ lucky adj. 好運的；幸運的 He is lucky to pass all the tests.他很幸運通過了所有的考試 luckily adv. 幸運地 Luckily，he passed all the tests.幸運的是，他通過了所有的考試。2. history n. I can use my computer to le

2、arn about a famous person from history. 我在電腦上可以讀到某個歷史名人的文章。historical adj. 歷史的；歷史上The Great Wall is a famous historical place in the world.3. at a time = each time; on each occasion 每次The doctor asked my mother to take medicine three times a day and two pills at a time. 醫(yī)生讓我媽媽每天服藥三次，每次兩片。4. disappea

3、r vi. ：become impossible to see消失 同義詞：vanish v.消失，突然不見appear vi. 出現(xiàn)5. no longer= not any longer不再 My father gave up smoking . He is no longer a smoker.父親戒煙了。他不再是煙民了。 =My father gave up smoking. He isnt a smoker any longer. He broke his leg and could no longer walk.他把腿摔斷了，不能再走了。 =He broke his leg and

4、 could not walk any longer.6. go up the stairs= go upstairs上樓7. seconds later = moments later , after a while 不一會兒 Seconds later, she finished making rice dumplings.不一會兒，她就包好了粽子。8. look down at向下看 反義詞：look up at 抬頭看 He looked down at his shoes. They were very dirty.他低頭看了看他的鞋子。鞋子很臟。 He looked up at t

5、he bright stars. 他抬頭看著亮堂的星星。look for 尋找Jane is looking for her key everywhere. 珍妮在到處尋找她的鑰匙。look at 看。Please look at the blackboard.請看黑板。look after=take care of; care for 照顧We must learn to look after ourselves.我們須學會照顧自己look up 查閱 He looked up all the new words in the dictionary.他在詞典里查閱了所有的生詞。look ou

6、t = be careful 注意 Look out! There is a car coming. 注意！有車過來了。Beyond prep. past 穿過 ； on the far side of 在到的遠處本單元詞義9. empty adj. 空的 反義詞：full adj. 滿的 This is an empty box. 10. take sth. with sb. 隨身帶走了某物 When you get off the car, dont forget to take your belongings with you. 下車時，別忘了帶走你的隨身物品。11. main adj.

7、 主要的The horse must go through the main gate. 那馬必須經(jīng)過那扇大門。mainly adv. 主要地 This text mainly tells us how we should learn a foreign language. 這篇課文主要告訴我們?nèi)绾螌W習外語。12. wood n. Wood can be used to make furniture.木頭可用來造家具。wooden adj. Its a wooden ball, not a metal ball. 這是一個木頭球，不是金屬球。13. difficult adj. This is

8、 a difficult problem.這是個難題。difficulty n. There is a lot of difficulty in finishing the task.完成這個任務有許多困難。14.on wheels 在輪子上The wooden horse is on wheels. 這木馬是在輪子上。15. maybe = perhaps adv. 也許；可能 Maybe he is right. 也許他是對的。may be 可能是 = He may be right. 16. want sb. to do sth 想讓某人做某事= would like sb. to do

9、 sth. Do you want to visit the museum next week? 你想下周去參觀博物館嗎？ = Would you like to visit the museum next week?17. interrupt sb. 打斷某人 The captain interrupted him. 長官打斷了他的話。 Im sorry to interrupt, but theres someone to see you. 對不起打斷一下，有人要見你。18. obey orders服從命令 A soldiers duty is to obey orders.士兵的職責是服

10、從命令。 Break v. 違背= disobey 19. city n. 城市 citizen n. 市民；公民；居民All the citizens of Shanghai can enjoy the party. She is American by birth but is now an Australian citizen 她出生于美國，但如今是澳大利亞公民。20. celebrate v.慶賀 I celebrated my birthday with a big party.我舉行派對來慶賀我的生日。 celebration n.21.dance around the horse

11、 圍著馬跳舞22. make a joke / jokes about sth. / sb. 拿某事某人開玩笑; 取笑某人play a joke / jokes on sb. 拿某人開玩笑My classmates like to make jokes about me at lunchtimes.同學們喜歡在午餐時間開我的玩笑。23. enemy n. 敵人 enemies 復數(shù)24. stupid adj. : foolish; silly 愚蠢的 反義詞： clever ; bright ; wise ; intelligent ; smart25. make sure 確信。 We w

12、ill make sure all the windows are securely locked. 我們將確信所有的窗牢牢地鎖住。26.be securely locked被牢牢地鎖住 = be safely locked secure adj.平安的，可靠的。 V. 保護27.go to sleep 入睡；睡著 He didnt go to sleep until his mother came back.直到母親回來，他才入睡。28. include v. 包括；包含，作為整體的一部分。The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 這次

13、游覽包括參加科技館。including prep.包括。在內(nèi)Ive got a three-day holiday including New Years Day. 包括元旦在內(nèi)，我有三天的假日。Involve v. 包括；包含指“由于同主體有聯(lián)絡而必須含有eg： Housekeeping involves cooking ,washing and cleaning. 29. by midnight到半夜時為止 by + 過去的時間狀語，用過去完成時 By the end of last year, they had read five English stories.30. except p

14、rep. "除。之外"，即不把被排除的事物包括在內(nèi) except for 常指在兩種非同類事物中排除其中的一種 except that 用來表示理由或細節(jié)，修正前面所說的情況，其后須接從句besides prep.“除。之外還有，相當于in addition to例：He works every day except Sunday. 除了星期天之外，他每天都上班。This is a very nice car except for its high price. 這是一輛非常漂亮的車，只是價格太高了。It was a good restaurant except that

15、it was rather noisy.這家餐館不錯，就是有點兒吵。=It was a good restaurant except for its noise.Besides English, I also like Chinese and P.E.除了英語，我還喜歡語文和體育。31. another hour = one more hour 又一小時注意：another + 數(shù)字 + 名詞復數(shù) = 數(shù)字 + more + 名詞復數(shù)如：another two chairs = two more chairs 另外兩把椅子32. secret adj. 機密的；n. 機密 a secret p

16、lace一個機密的地方It's a secret between you and me. Secretary n. 秘書 He is a secretary of the manager.他是經(jīng)理的秘書。 In secret 常用機密地 暗地里 secretly 機密地33. climb out 爬出去34. return vi = come back 回來 The man returned to his office. 那人回到了辦公室。 vt.= give back 歸還 Have you returned the book to the library?你把書還給圖書館了嗎？35

17、.in the darkness 在黑暗中 I couldn't see anything in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不見。 Adj.+ ness 后綴= N. 如: illness 疾??； sickness 疾病，惡心；careless 粗心；kindness 仁慈； Happiness 幸福； brightness 亮堂，亮度； lightness 光亮36. enter vi. = come or go into 進入 entrance n 入口處 This is the entrance to the exhibition hall.這是展覽會的入口處。

18、37. seize v. 抓住，捉住 近義詞： grab 搶奪，奪取 take/ get hold of 抓住 反義詞：loose 釋放，放開 capture 攻占；奪取 38. by doing sth. 通過做某事 We can save water by not washing vegetables under a running tap.39. in one night 在一夜間40. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 = be successful in doing sth. = manage to do sth. = be able to do sth. su

19、cceed v. Our plan succeeded. success n. 成功；成功 What he did is a great success. successful adj. He is a successful businessman. 他是個成功的商人。 Successfully adv. 順利地，成功地41. through a trick 憑借一個計策 The Greeks succeeded in capturing the city through a trick.希臘人利用計策占領了這個城市。42. leavebehind 留下 leave, left, left D

20、ont leave any rubbish behind when your picnic is over. 當野餐完畢時，別留下垃圾。43. be / fall asleep 睡著； 入睡 fall, fell, fallen 44. make the bed 整理床鋪 lay the table 擺放桌子準備吃飯45. fix the chair = repair the chair fix, fixed, fixed 修理椅子46. offer sb.sth. = offer sth. to sb. 給某人提供某物offer to do sth.主動提出做某事 He offered to

21、 help me with my English.他提出幫我復習英語。47. be busy doing sth. / be busy with sth. 忙于做某事 Im busy going over my lessons these days.這幾天我忙于復習功課。48. give sb. a hand = do sb. a favour=help sb幫某人一個忙 Would you please give me a hand?你能幫我一個忙嗎？49. all the time = always 一直 Dont be so independent all the time. 不要總是那

22、么獨立。50. depend v. 依靠 dependent adj. 依靠的；沒有主見的 independent adj. 獨立的；有主見的51.accept v. 承受；認可 We all accepted his offer. 我們都承受了他的幫助。52.refuse : reject v. 回絕； 回絕 He refused my invitation. 他回絕了我的邀請。53.Its so big that they couldnt take it with them. 句型： so that “如此。 以致于。它的常見用法如下： so + 形容詞或副詞 + that He is s

23、o boring that nobody would like to talk to him. 他很無聊，以致于沒人能趕上他。注意：so that 否認句可以和too to或 not enough to進展句型轉換 so + 形容詞 + a n + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that This is so interesting a story that all the people want to read it again. so + many 或 few +a復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + thatThere are so many books that I dont know which one to ch

24、oose. so + much 或 little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + thatThere is so little milk in the fridge that we must buy some.補充：1. catch &capture 抓住、捕捉Catch 是常用詞，側重通過追捕、誘捕或突然行動而捉住對方The police caught the theft.Capture 語氣更強，暗示不利的條件，要通過武力或計策，戰(zhàn)勝困難而捕獲對方。We captured them alive. 我們把他們活捉了。2. sail v. begin a voyage 航行，開船 sailor n

25、. 水手，船員 sailing n. 航行 adj. 航行的3. help helpful helpless help sbtodo , help sb with sth 4. in order to do sth 為了做某事 = in order that目的在于，為了In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work. 為了趕火車，她匆匆忙忙的完成了她的工作?？赊D換為：She hurried through her work in order that she could catch the train.5. drag v.

26、拖，拽 近義詞： pull v.拉 拖，拔。 反義詞： push v.推6. giant adj,宏大的 龐大的 近義詞：huge 反義詞：small ， tiny 微小的7.suspect v.疑心8. come out 從產(chǎn)生，從出來9. object n.物體 ,v, 反對10. displace v,替代 ，取代11， entirely adv. 完好地 完全地12. send sb to prison 把某人送到監(jiān)獄13.be made of 由制成 能看出原材料或發(fā)生物理變化 This table cloth is made of paper. 這張桌布是由紙做的。 Be made

27、 from 由制成 看不出原材料，或發(fā)生的是化學變化 Bread is made from corn. 面包是由小麥做的。 Be made in 指的是產(chǎn)地， 于 制造The caps are made in Russia . 這些帽子產(chǎn)于俄羅斯。Grammar ： The Present Perfect Tense 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時一、構成形式: have / has +過去分詞一、時態(tài)講解：如今完成時一、 構成：如今完成時由助動詞have + 過去分詞構成，助動詞have 有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.如今完成時的否認式直接在助動詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動

28、詞提到主語之前。以study 為例，其否認式、疑問式和簡單答復形式如下：否認式疑問式I have not havent studied.Have I studied?You have not havent studied.Have you studied?He has not hasnt studied.Has he studied?否認疑問式簡單答復肯定/否認Have I not Havent I studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not Havent you studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Ha

29、s he not Hasnt he studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.二、用法：1. 如今完成時通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對如今的結果或影響。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。She has arrived. 她到了。如今完成時常與already、 just 、yet 、never、 ever、recently等連用。如：A: Have you ever read this book?B: No,

30、Ive never read it.A: Have you seen the film yet?B: Yes, I have already seen it. / No, I havent seen it yet. He has just gone to the library.just 發(fā)生在短暫的過去,放在行為動詞之前.already 用于肯定句, .yet用于否認句和疑問句ever “曾經(jīng)，相當于at any time。 如： Have you ever been to New York? -Yes, twice. / No, never. Its the most beautiful

31、building I have ever seen.never “從不， 相當于not at any time。如： I have never seen such a wonderful film before.I have never met a kinder man.2. 表示持續(xù)到如今的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括如今在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，。如：1與 recently, so far, up to now, in the past last ,already, just, lately, for, since,yet等連用。Two bus stations have been buil

32、t in the past two months.So far, we have learned three units.2 與today, this morning, this month, this year等連用。Mr. Li has taught four lessons this month.The shop has sold about 200 washers this year. I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have b

33、een away for two years. 他們分開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.3與since、for、How long連用。for 后接某個時間段，用來說明動作持續(xù)的時間長度，只能與持續(xù)性的動詞連用。They havent seen each other for more than 20 years. since 意為“自從,后接某個時間點，用來說明動作起始的時間。注意：a) since和for的區(qū)別since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時間，

34、表示“長達多久，如ten years, a while, two days等。since 的四種用法參見下表： since + 過去的某個時間點如詳細的年、月、 日、鐘點等He has lived in Beijing since 2019.他從2019年起九住在北京。since + 一段時間 + agoWe have been here since five minutes ago.從五分鐘前開場，我們就在這里。since + 從句Great changes have taken place since you left.從你分開之后就發(fā)生了巨變。It is + 一段時間 + since從句

35、It is two years since you became a doctor.從你成為一名醫(yī)生算起，以僅有兩年了。注意：對for、since時間狀語的提問用How long?Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 o'clock.5. Ind

36、ia has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. Since對劃

37、線部分提問1.He has been a top fashion designer for a couple of years.How long has he been a.?2.The Smiths have lived in Shanghai since they came to China in 1980.How long have the Smiths lived in ?3.My cousin has been to the South Pole three times.How many times has your cousin been to the South pole?3.

38、1表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. ×以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _been_ _died_ for 4 mon

39、ths.They have _been _ _away_ from only for 5 minutes2完畢性動詞轉換為以下延續(xù)性動詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1 He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He Beijing for .2 I moved to the USA in 2019. I th

40、e USA since .3 I went home yesterday. I home for .4 They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1 He came out two years ago. He _ for _.2 We return to Beijing yesterday. We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1 I became a teacher in 2019. I _

41、a teacher for _.2 The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1 The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2 The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / g

42、et tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married；1 I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _since _.2 He left Shanghai just now . He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3 My grandpa died in 2019. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4 The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5 I got to sleep t

43、wo hours ago . I _ _ _ since _ _.6 They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1 I began to teach at this school in 2019. I _ _ at this school since _.2 The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wear

44、catch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know1 They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2 I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3 I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4 I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beiji

45、ng. He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1 He joined the league in 2019.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two

46、 years.2 My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.答案 1. has been in , five minutes 2. have been in , 2019 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years 2.

47、has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from 3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 2019 2. has been on , two minutes 1. have kept ,

48、 last week 2. have had , two hours 3. have known , last years 4. have worn , three years has been in has been , League member has been , member of , League has been in2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army 3 have been in+地點持續(xù)呆在某地e.g. He has been in Shanghai for 3 years.have been to +地

49、點去過某地e.g. He has been to London twice.have gone to +地點去了某地,仍在某地e.g. He has gone to Canada. He isnt here now.Has she ever been to the Summer Palace?Has she gone to the Summer Palace?Where has he been? 他剛剛到哪里去了？已經(jīng)回來了Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？人不在They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。如今已經(jīng)不在加拿大They have gone

50、 to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了?？赡茉诼飞虾鸵呀?jīng)到加拿大.構造:1. It is the first/second/third/time +that中須與如今完成時連用。 It is the first time I have been here.It is the third time that he has seen the play.2. Its +一段時間+since +that +從句.Its three years since he came to Shanghai.*如今完成時與一般過去時的比較:1.如今完成時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作與如今的聯(lián)絡，對如今的影響。2.一般過去時

51、強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，與如今沒有聯(lián)絡。They have closed down the restaurant .They closed down the restaurant yesterday.Whos taken away my umbrella? I cant find it anywhere.Oh, Sally took it away just now. I have learned a lot from the farmers.I learned a lot from the farmers while I was on the farm.3.如今完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days