充當句子成分的詞性特殊疑問句

1、 充當句子成分的詞性+特殊疑問句一、主語(Subject)（）主語的定義主語是一個句子所敘述的主體。（二）主語的表現(xiàn)形式主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和it作形式主語等表示。1.名詞American music is very popular'ppjul 美國音樂很流行。Teacher Zhang is very famous'feims in our school.張老師在我們學校很出名。2.代詞We often speak English in class我們經(jīng)常在課堂上說英語。Who is the man in the classroom？在教室

2、里的那個人是誰？3.數(shù)詞One-third of the students in this class are girls這個班 13的學生是女生。Two times five is ten2乘5等于10。4.動詞不定式To swim in the Lijiang River is a very pleasure'ple thing在漓江里游泳是非常愉快的事。To master'mæst a foreign'frin language'læwid is necessary'nesisri.掌握一門外語是必要的。5.動名詞Smoking

3、 does harmh:m to the healthhel吸煙對健康有害。Playing football in the street is dangerous'deindrs 在街上踢足球是危險的。6.名詞化的形容詞The richrit should help the poor.富人應該幫助窮人。In new China the old are living'livi a happy life.在新中國老年人正過著幸福的生活。7. it作形式主語It is necessary to master a foreign language掌握一門外語是有必要的。It is da

4、ngerous playing with fire玩火是危險的。It is a pity that he cannot swim他不會游泳真遺憾。二、謂語(Predicate Verb)（一）謂語的定義謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句子中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。（二）謂語的構成1.簡單謂語由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices'præktisis running every morning.他每天早晨練習跑步。Yesterday afternoon he reachedri:tid Harbin'h:bin.昨天下午他到達哈爾濱。S

5、he takes good care of her sicksik mother.她仔細照料她那生病的母親。He has gotten ridrid of his bad habit'hæbit .他已經(jīng)改掉了他的壞習慣。2.復合謂語（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成You may keepki:p the book for two weeks這本書你可以借兩周。Youd better not take the English book to your home你最好不要把這本英語書帶回家。He has caughtk:t a bad coldHe has to go

6、 to see a doctor他患了重感冒。他必須去看醫(yī)生。She doesnt seemsi:m to like dancing她似乎不喜歡跳舞。We are going to call on him tonight.我們打算今晚去拜訪他。（2）由系動詞加表語構成We are students我們是學生。He looks very clever他看上去很聰明。三、表語(Predicative)（）表語的定義表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等）之后。（二）表語的表現(xiàn)形式表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞

7、、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。1.名詞Our English teacher is American'merikn .我們的英語老師是美國人。He is an engineer,endi'ni 他是一位工程師。2.代詞Is it yours？這是你的嗎？Thats all I want to tell you我要告訴你的就是這些。3.形容詞The weather has turnedt:nd cold天氣變冷了。Dalian is beautiful大連是美麗的。4.分詞The speechspi:t is exciting這演講激動人心。The tea

8、cher was pleasedpli:zd with my spoken'spukn English老師對我的英語口語很滿意。5.數(shù)詞Three times seven is twenty-one 3乘 7等于 21。He is always the first to enter the office他總是第一個進辦公室。6.動詞不定式His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英語。Their planplæn is to finish'fini the homework in a weekwi:k.他們的計劃是在一周內(nèi)完成家庭作業(yè)。7.動

9、名詞His hobby'hbi is playing football他的愛好是踢足球。My wish is studying English in a university,ju:ni'v:sti 我的愿望是在大學學習英語。8.介詞短語The computer must be out of order':d電腦一定出毛病了。He is against'einst our plan.他反對我們的計劃。9.副詞Time is upThe class is over. 時間到了，下課。My father isnt inHe is out我父親不在家，他出去了。四、賓

10、語(Object)（）賓語的定義賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞后面。但英語介詞后也要求用賓語。（二）賓語的表現(xiàn)形式1.名詞They went to see their English teacher yesterday'jestdi.他們昨天去看了他們的英語老師。He is going to buy a dictionary'diknri . 他打算買本字典。2.代詞He will love me for two years.他將一直愛我兩年。We should learn from him我們應該向他學習。3.數(shù)詞 How many dictionaries d

11、o you have？你有幾本字典？ I have five我有5本。4.名詞化的形容詞They helped the old with their housework yesterday他們昨天幫助老年人做家務。We should help the old。我們應該幫助老人。5.動詞不定式（短語）He doesn't want me to help him他不想要我?guī)椭he doesnt know what to do next她不知道下一步做什么。6.動名詞（短語）I like listening to popular'ppjul music我喜歡聽流行音樂。He p

12、ractices'præktisis speaking English every day他每天練習講英語。五、賓語補足語（）賓語補足語的定義英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有：make（使），consider（認為），cause（引起）， see（看見）， find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）， call（稱為，叫做），get（讓，使得），have（讓，使得），let(讓)等。如：（二）賓語補足語的表現(xiàn)形式帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如 make等）十直接賓語（名詞或代詞）十賓語補足語。賓語補足語在句中的8種表

13、示法：1.用名詞（包括名詞性物主代詞）表示His father named him Dongming他父親給他取名東明。We think Mr. Zhang a good teacher我們認為張先生是位優(yōu)秀的老師。2.用形容詞及其短語表示They painted'peintid their boat black.他們把船漆成黑色。We believedbi'li:vd the report untrue我們確認這個報告不真實。3.用不定式及其短語表示You shouldnt forcef:s him to lendlend his money to you你不應該強迫他借錢給

14、你。Nobody saw him enter the room沒有人看到他進了屋子。注： see，have，let，make，watch，notice，hear，observe等動詞的賓語補足語用不定式表示時，不可加to。help后的不定式可帶也可不帶to。4.用現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語表示W(wǎng)e saw her entering'entri the room我們看見她正走進那個房間。I heardh:d her singing an English song我聽見她在唱英語歌曲。5.用過去分詞及其短語表示They foundfaund Harbin changedteindd他們發(fā)現(xiàn)哈爾濱變化

15、了。I saw you loved by him.我看見你被他愛著。注：過去分詞作賓語補足語時，賓語和它的關系是被動關系。6.用as引出賓語補足語We take English as an importantim'p:tnt language'læwid .我們把英語當作一門重要的語言。I take her as my good teacher我把她看成我的好老師。7.用介詞短語表示W(wǎng)e found everything in the classroom in good order':d 我們發(fā)覺教室內(nèi)每件東西都放得井井有條。You will find him

16、 at work all day你將發(fā)現(xiàn)他整天都在工作。8.用副詞表示Let the fresh air in讓新鮮空氣進來。I saw him out with his father我看見他和他父親外出了。六、定語(Attribute)（）定語的定義修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。（二）定語的表現(xiàn)形式定語一般可由形容詞、分詞（短語）、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞所有格、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞和從句等表示。1.形容詞Harbin is a beautiful city哈爾濱是一座美麗的城市。There is a clever boy in the classroom教室里面有個聰明的

17、男孩。2.分詞（短語）China is a developingdi'velpi country；America is a developeddi'velpt country。中國是一個發(fā)展中國家，美國是一個發(fā)達國家。Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher? 和我們老師握手的那個人是誰？3.名詞There are thirty women teachers in our school我們學校有 30名女教師。They are going to put up a wall newspaper'nju:s,peip nex

18、t week他們打算下周出墻報。4.代詞His progress'prures in English made us surpriseds'praizd他在英語方面的進步使我們很吃驚。Do you know the student whose English is the best in your class？你知道你們班上英語最好的那個學生嗎？5.數(shù)詞More than thirty students in our class have read the book我們班三十多個學生讀過這本書。The teacher asked the students to copy'

19、;kpi the third paragraph'pærr:f of the text老師讓學生抄寫課文的第3段。6.名詞所有格You should follow'flu the doctors adviced'vaisand do more exercises'ekssaiz你應該聽從醫(yī)生的建議，多運動。Marys parents have gone abroad'br:d 瑪麗的父母出國了。7.不定式Our monitor'mnit is always the first to enter the classroom.我們的班長總是

20、第一個走進教室。I cant go with youI till have a lot of work to do我不能和你去。我仍有許多工作要做。8.動名詞The teaching plan for next term has been worked out下學期的教學計劃已制定好。You mustnt take the magazine,mæ'zi:n out of the reading room你不要把雜志帶出閱覽室。9.介詞短語He is reading a book about how to learn English他正在讀一本有關如何學習英語的書。Who is

21、 the girl in red？穿紅衣服的那個姑娘是誰？10.副詞（多位于被修飾詞之后）A noise outside,aut'said made him turn around外面的喧鬧聲使他轉(zhuǎn)過身來。The man in the room downstairs'daun'stz is friendly樓下房間的那人很友好。七、狀語(Adverbial)（）狀語的定義修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。（二）狀語的表現(xiàn)形式l.副詞及副詞性詞組Light travels'trævlz most quickly光傳

22、播得最快。Factories and buildings'bildiz are seen here and there到處都能見到工廠和建筑物。2.介詞短語He has lived in the city for ten years他在那座城市住了 10年了。In spitespait of the difficulties'difikltiz，we went on with our work盡管有困難，但是我們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。3.不定式（短語）He is proud to have passed the national'nænl college'kli

23、d entrance'entrns examinationi,zæmi'nein.他因通過高考而感到自豪。The box is too heavy for me to lift這個箱子太重，我抬不起。4.分詞（短語）He is in the room making a model'mdl plane他在房間里做一架飛機模型。Not knowing what to do，he decided to ask the teacher for advice他不知道怎么辦好，就去問老師。Encouragedin'kridd by the teacher, I m

24、ade up my mind to learn English well在老師的鼓勵下，我決心把英語學好。5.名詞（短語）Wait a minute.等一下。Would you please come this way？請這邊走。The road is fifty kilometers'kilumi:tz long and ten metersmi:tz widewaid .這條馬路50公里長，10米寬。（三）狀語的種類1.時間狀語How about meeting again at six？6:00見面怎樣？When it rains，I usually go to school b

25、y bus下雨天，我通常乘公共汽車去上學。2.原因狀語Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚沒有去參加舞會。Since you are very busy，I wont trouble you既然你很忙，我就不打擾你了。3.條件狀語I shall go there if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，我將到那里去。As (So) long as you work hard, you can make rapid'ræpid progress'prures

26、at English.只要你努力，你就可以在英語方面取得很快的進步。4.地點狀語Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在 3樓。Where there is water，there is life有水的地方，就有生命。5.方式狀語She put the eggs into the basket with great care她小心地把雞蛋放在籃子里。He has greatly improvedim'pru:vd his spoken English by this means他用這種方式極大地改善了他的英語口語。6.伴隨狀語She came

27、 in with a dictionary in her hand她進來時手里拿著一本字典。The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老師走了進來，后面跟著一群學生。7.目的狀語In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder為了趕上其他人，我必須更努力學習。I went there to see a friend of mine我去那里看我的一個朋友。Bring it closer so that I may see it better/clearly.把它拿近些，

28、以便我看得更清楚些。8.結(jié)果狀語He was so tired that he fell asleep immediatelyi'mi:ditli他累極了，立刻就睡著了。He is so good a teacher that the students love and respect him他是一位很好的老師，學生們都敬愛他。9.讓步狀語She works very hard though she is old雖然她年紀大了，但她仍然十分努力工作。No matter when you come，you are warmly welcome不管你什么時候來，都歡迎。10.程度狀語The

29、y were greatly moved to hear the heros story聽了英雄的故事，他們深受感動。I quite agree with you我完全同意你的意見。11.比較狀語I am taller than he is我比他高。The more I speak English，the better Ill be我越多講英語，就講得越好。注：副詞修飾動詞時放在行為動詞之后或動詞的賓語之后，修飾形容詞或副詞時放在被修飾的詞之前。如：They study hard.他們學習努力。（修飾動詞）He was very sad.他非常傷心。（修飾形容詞）She speaks Engl

30、ish quite well.她英語講得很好。（修飾副詞）We go to school on foot.我們步行上學。（修飾短語，修飾動詞）特殊疑問句一、特殊疑問句：（一）概念：特殊疑問句以疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭，提出疑問的句子。 （二）結(jié)構：它的基本結(jié)構是：特殊疑問詞一般疑問句語序。但是如果疑問詞在句子中作主語或作主語的定語，就用特殊疑問詞陳述句語序。常用的疑問詞有：what, who(whom), whose,which, when, where, how, why等，回答時針對問句中的代詞和副詞來回答，不用yes或no來回答。   【重點】 （3） 疑問詞

31、的選擇： 1對指物名詞或謂語動詞提出疑問，疑問詞用what；關于what的其他疑問詞：what color： 例如： What is that? What are you doing? What color is the shirt? 2對修飾名詞的定語提出疑問，疑問詞應用which，而且通常和名詞連用。 例如：Which book is yours? Which umbrella is his?3對指人名詞或代詞提問用who，作賓語時提問用whom。  例如：Who is that boy? Who is your mother? Whom / Who did you give t

32、hat book to? Whom do you like?    4對物主代詞和名詞所有格提問用whose。 例如：Whose computer is that? Whose coat is this? 5 對具體時間提出疑問，如 in the morning, last Sunday等，疑問詞用when； 例如：When did you finish your homework? When do you go to Beijing? 對具體幾點鐘提問，疑問詞應用what time。 例如：What time do you usually get up? What tim

33、e do you often watch TV?6對具體地點提出疑問，疑問詞應用where。         例如：Where do you come from? Where are you from?7對表原因的從句提問，常見的有because引導的從句，疑問詞應用why。 例如：Why are you late for school? Why do you love him?8對方式或程度等提出疑問，用疑問詞How。 例如：How do you like China? How do you love Engli

34、sh?9對數(shù)量提出疑問，疑問詞為How many，要注意how many必須跟名詞的復數(shù)形式。 例如：How many birds are there in the tree? How many students are there in the classroom?10對價格提出疑問，疑問詞用How much。 例如：How much is that pen? How much is the computer?11對時間、長度提出疑問，疑問詞應用How long。 例如： How long is that ruler? How long have you lived in Shanghai?

35、 12對時間頻率，如 once a year, twice a week等提問，疑問詞用How often（難點）。 例如：How often do you go to school?           How often do you go shopping?    13對具體次數(shù)，如 once, twice, three times等提問，疑問詞用How many times。 例如：How many times have you read this book

36、? How many times have you been to Shanghai? 14對in一段時間提問，疑問詞一般用How soon。 例如：How soon will you come back? How soon will you give me an English book?   15對距離提出疑問，疑問詞用How far。            例如：How far is it from your home to your school? How

37、far is it from Shanghai to Beijing?16對日期、星期、天氣等提出疑問，則分別用  What's the date?/  What day is it ?  如 果是過去時間，就用was代替is。 例如：What is the weather like today? How is the weather today? What day is it today? What day was it yesterday? What day is it tomorrow? What date is it today?What

38、's the date?17 關于how的其他疑問詞：how old, how wide, how deep, how tall, how high等（重點）。 例如：How old are you? How wide is the desk? How deep is the well? How tall is your boyfriend? How high is the tallest building?對畫線部分進行提問：1. That is my exercise book. Whoes exercise book is that ?2. The first one is be

39、tter. Which one is better?3. There are nine cities in this province.how many cities are there in this province?4. This magazine comes out every other week.how often does this magazine comes out?5. They have lived here for more than ten years. How long have they lived here?6. I go to see my uncle onc

40、e a week.how often do you go to see your uncle?7. Tom often goes to school on foot. how does Tom often go to school?8. They will graduate from school in two months. How soon will they graduate from school?9. My home is only about half an hour's ride from here.how far is it fom here to your home?10. The dictionary cost me fifty Yuan. How much did the dictionary cost you?11. He drove his car at the speed of l00 kilometers an hour.how fast did he drive his car?12. Tom's bicycle is made in China.whose bicycle is made in China?13. He didn