八年級(jí)下冊(cè)單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit 1 Will people have robots?be doing表示將來(lái)be going to do表示將來(lái)will do表示將來(lái)There be 句型表示的是 “某地（時(shí)）有某人（物）”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“存在關(guān)系”。Have則表示“某人（物）所有”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“所屬關(guān)系” For exampleThere is a bus in our factory. （公共汽車不一定屬于我們廠所有）Our factory has a bus. (公共汽車屬于我們廠所有)There be句型將來(lái)時(shí)表達(dá)方式，肯定：There will be否定 There wont be一般疑問(wèn)句 Will t

2、here be? 肯定回答 Yes, there will. 否定回答No, there wont.more的意思是“更多的”，它是many和much的比較級(jí)，它可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞；less adj. 較少的;少量的(little的比較級(jí)) fewer 也表示較少的，少量的. 但less和fewer有區(qū)別 less 一般修飾不可數(shù)名詞. fewer 修飾可數(shù)名詞. There will be less pollution. live in an apartment 住在公寓里 on the weekend 在周末 be able to do sth =can do sth

3、能夠. come ture 實(shí)現(xiàn) want to do sth = would like to do sth 想要去做某事 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 in the future 將來(lái) help sb with sth 在某方面幫助某人. hundreds of (hundred 后加s就一定要加of) try to do sth 盡力做某事 Youd better do sth 你最好做某事 wake sb up 叫醒某人 the same as 和 一樣 study at home on computers 在家用電腦學(xué)習(xí) on vacation 度假 do the mos

4、t unpleasant jobs.做最不愉快的工作（unpleasant反義詞pleasant） do the same things as a person.做像人一樣的事情 live to be 200 years old 活到兩百歲 as a reporter 作為一名記者。 agree with sb同意某人意見(jiàn) go doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“去做 go skating去滑冰 go swimming 去游泳 fall in love with a girl 愛(ài)上一個(gè)女孩（fallfellfallen）. alone（獨(dú)自;單獨(dú)）live alone一個(gè)人住 lonely表示

5、（孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的） keep 有好幾個(gè)意思，1在本課中做“飼養(yǎng);喂養(yǎng)keep a pet parrot 養(yǎng)一只寵物鸚鵡 2 保持(某狀態(tài))：Keep silent! 保持沉默! Keep healthy(保持健康) During the week “在工作日里” wear表示“穿”，表示狀態(tài)He wears a hat 。 put on是“穿上”，“戴上”的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 dress oneself/casually 為自己穿衣服/穿著隨意 see sb. do sth.，“看到某人做某事”中 be free 免費(fèi)，有空 take the rockets to the moon 乘火箭去月球

6、wear a suit 穿套裝 win award 獲獎(jiǎng) next time 下一次 fly to the moon飛到月球 be used by most people 被大多數(shù)人使用 live in space 在太空居住 do such jobs 做如此的工作Such作形容詞，意思是“如此的”“這樣的”，修飾各種名詞。如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，such和so的位置不同：such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)，只可用such,不能用so. such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞 get bored感覺(jué)無(wú)聊 over and o

7、ver again 一再地，反復(fù)地 look like 看起來(lái)（更）像 help (sb.) (to) do sth. 幫助（某人）做某事 one of 名詞復(fù)數(shù)（之一）after an earthquake地震之后What do you think Sally will be in ten years? 你認(rèn)為薩莉10年之后將會(huì)是什么樣子?此句中的do you think是插入語(yǔ)，其后接的賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。Shell be a reporter in ten years.（十年后） 十年后她會(huì)是一個(gè)記者 One day I might even visit Australia.甚至有

8、一天我可能去參觀澳大利亞。(might在此處為或許可能之意,是個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.)Its + adj +for + sb to do sth 做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是的.It will be difficult for a robot to do the same thing as a person. It takes/took/will take sb sometime to do sth 做某事花費(fèi)了某人多少時(shí)間。It will take scientists more time to make robots look like snakes.What do you think the weather

9、 will be like tomorrow? 你認(rèn)為明天的天氣怎樣? What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now? 二十年后年輕人將如何娛樂(lè)I want to work for myself when Im older. 當(dāng)我大點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，我想為自己工作。I need to look smart for my job interview.為了我工作面試，我需要看上去時(shí)髦點(diǎn)Predicting the future can be difficult. 展望未來(lái)有困難Humans will have less work to do.人類

10、將有更少的工作可做We never know what will happen in the future.我們不知道將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit 2 what should I do?should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，意為"應(yīng)該."。在這個(gè)單元中我們還學(xué)到用"could"表示建議，比should更加委婉的建議Whats wrong with sb=whats the matter with sb? 表建議的句型 why dont you talk to him about it?=why not

11、talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=how/what about talking to him about it?=Youd better talk to him about it.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事give sb. sth.= give sth to sb.給某人某物return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物歸還給某人on the phone 在電話里tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不）做某事som

12、e advice 一些建議advice (不可數(shù)名詞) not.until 直到才nothing new 沒(méi)什么新東西see sb. doing sth. 看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事by oneself 獨(dú)自 after-school activities 課外活動(dòng)join “參加，加入， 指加入某黨派，團(tuán)體，人群，游戲等成為一個(gè)成員 take part in 表示“參加，加入”，指參加某一活動(dòng)。forget 指大腦不能記起或回憶不出過(guò)去的人或事leave (left) 指因粗心把某物落在某處。He cant pay for the book, because he left his wallet(錢

13、包) at home. be angry with sb對(duì)某人生氣be original新穎的have a bake sale賣燒烤take sb fromto帶某人從到pay for付款 1 sb. pay some money for sth. 某人為某物花費(fèi)多少錢 2sb. spend some time (money) on sth./ sb. spend some time doing sth.某人花費(fèi)金錢或時(shí)間在某事上或做某事ask sb for sth向某人要求某物the same as與同樣的get on相處;進(jìn)展get on well with sb 與某人相處融洽You c

14、ould write him a letter.你可以給他寫(xiě)份信 write sb a letter=write to sb=write a letter to sb給某人寫(xiě)信a bit =a little 一點(diǎn)兒（修飾形容詞或比較級(jí)）seem to do 仿佛做某事 seem like 看起來(lái)像buy sth for sb為買東西fail the test=not pass the test考試不及格the same age as=as old as 和- 年齡一樣try to do sth, 盡量干某事 try doing sth 試著干某事competition starts from

15、a very young age 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)從很小年紀(jì)就開(kāi)始了organized activities 有組織的活動(dòng)play CDs too loud影碟放得太大聲了argue with sb與某人爭(zhēng)論/吵out of style(=out of fashion) 過(guò)時(shí)in style (=in fashion)流行keep sb out 不讓進(jìn)入call sb up 打電話給（=ring sb up=phone sb=give a call to sb=call sb）a ticket to a ball game球票a ticket for (to)的票surprise (v) 使驚奇 surp

16、rised感到驚奇的surprising驚奇的“find”指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)事實(shí)或道理；“find out”經(jīng)過(guò)詢問(wèn)、打聽(tīng)之后搞清某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)“付出了努力” have a fight with sb 與某人打架asas possible 盡可能（=asas sb can）fitinto找到時(shí)間來(lái)做某事try to fit as much as possible into their kidslives. 并且盡可能多地盡可能多地充實(shí)到孩子們的生活中來(lái)。under the pressure of 在的壓力下complain about sth/doing sth 抱怨Teachers complain

17、 about teaching tired kids 老師抱怨教疲憊的孩子send sb to 把某人送到all kind of各種各樣的Mothers send their kids to all kinds of classes母親送孩子去各種補(bǔ)習(xí)班 compare sb with sb 將某人與某人相比push sb to do sth強(qiáng)迫某人做某事think for 為著想find it +adj.+to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很怎樣children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older.這些孩子當(dāng)他

18、們長(zhǎng)大后可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)為自己考慮事情很難。on the one hand ，on the other hand一方面，另一方面need sth to do sth 需要什來(lái)On the one hand，children need organized activities. On the other hand ,they also need time and freedom to relax.一方面孩子需要有組織的活動(dòng)，另一方面他們需要時(shí)間和自由去放松。Enough為形容詞，意思是“足夠的”；enough +名詞enough money; 形容詞或副詞+enough；busy enough足夠忙b

19、orrow“借入，”即說(shuō)話人向他人借東西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent“借出，”即說(shuō)話人把自己的東西借給他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb talk about談?wù)搕alk to sb和talk with sb 均表示“和某人談話” maybe是副詞"也許，或許，大概"Maybe you should call him up.或許你應(yīng)該給他打電話，may be是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may加上動(dòng)詞原形be，意為"或許"，后接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。. It may be true.它可能是對(duì)的。he doe

20、sn't have any money, either。用在否定句后表示"也" Everyone else in my class was invited except me.除我外，班上的其他同學(xué)都被邀請(qǐng)了except可表示“除之外” else，其他的，副詞，一般修飾疑問(wèn)詞、不定代詞，不能修飾名詞Activities include sports, language learning, music and math classes.第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)What were you doing when the UFO arrived ?過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)were/was+vin

21、g過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或者某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 1 when 與while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別“when”后既可以加一般過(guò)去時(shí)，又可加進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)只是單純地說(shuō)明過(guò)去的某個(gè)事實(shí)，即“有過(guò)這事”；而while一定是進(jìn)行時(shí)而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連貫性、一直性。  2. when后通常用表示暫短性動(dòng)詞，while后通常用表示持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞I was getting out of the shower while the UFO arrived 當(dāng)飛碟到達(dá)時(shí)我正從浴室往出走。get out of .出去、離開(kāi)；get into走進(jìn)，進(jìn)入walk down (=walk al

22、ong )the street沿著街道走I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of(在。前面 me。當(dāng)飛碟恰好降落在我眼前是我正走在大街上。Right(副詞)正好：剛好cut (ones)hair   理發(fā)kid v欺騙；哄騙Youre kidding你在開(kāi)玩笑anywhere adv到處；無(wú)論哪里（用于否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句中）Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去了什么地方嗎？happen v發(fā)生Sth. happen to +名詞 發(fā)生于身上She ho

23、ped nothing bad would happen to him他希望沒(méi)有壞事發(fā)生在他身上。run away 跑開(kāi)；迅速離開(kāi)；逃走 in the barber shop=in the barber's. 在理發(fā)店at the doctor's （在診所；在醫(yī)院 在表示診所、店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，經(jīng)常用名詞所有格的形式）She is staying at Mary's她正呆在瑪麗家See sb. Do sth. 看見(jiàn)某人做(過(guò))某事She saw the alien get out.  她看見(jiàn)外星人出來(lái).（amazing驚奇的amazed感到驚奇的）

24、比surprising更具意外性 in the library在圖書(shū)館sleep late睡懶覺(jué)take off(飛機(jī))起飛；脫下（衣帽）on Sunday evening在星期日晚上（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某個(gè)特定的上、下午、晚上用on）take photos照相at the train station在火車站run away跑開(kāi)，逃跑as+adj原形 as和一樣in the tree在樹(shù)上（樹(shù)以外）on the tree在樹(shù)上（樹(shù)本身）in history在歷史上for example例如on the playground在操場(chǎng)上in the city of在市ten minut

25、es ago十分鐘前take place發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)必然性）of course=sure=certainly當(dāng)然all over the world=around the world遍及全世界outside/inside the station在車站外/內(nèi)next to相鄰，緊貼hear about/of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)（間接聽(tīng)到）in silence沉默不語(yǔ)an unusual experience 一次不尋常的經(jīng)歷have fun doing sth 干某事有樂(lè)趣have meaning to 對(duì)有意義a national hero 一個(gè)民族英雄for the first time 第一次h

26、ow strange it was！（How+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞?。┒嗥婀职?！感嘆句的構(gòu)成：What +a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！What a good book it is!多好的一本書(shū)?。?What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！What cold weather it is! 天氣真冷啊！How +副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！How hard they are working!他們工作多努力?。hink about doing sth考慮做某事I followed to see where it was going.我跟隨想看看他將無(wú)那里follow sb to do sth

27、跟隨某人做某事Isnt that amazing!難道那不令人驚奇嗎！I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed.今早我太累了，起床對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很困難。the news of important events重大事件的消息in the street(英)也可以用on the street在街上be scared =be afraid(某人)給嚇壞了,害怕了be scared of /at sth害怕某事Are you scared of snakes?你怕蛇嗎？be scared to do sth 害怕做

28、某事shout at sb對(duì)某人喊叫(有斥責(zé)之意) shout to sb對(duì)某人喊叫arrive, get和reach的區(qū)別。reach地點(diǎn)=get to地點(diǎn)=arrive in/at地點(diǎn) （到達(dá)某地）talk on the phone 打電話buy a souvenir買紀(jì)念品climb a tree爬樹(shù) jump down跳下來(lái)another dog另一只狗murder sb謀殺某人for the first time第一次the Museum of Flight航空博物館 experience經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)名詞）None of the others have lived my experie

29、nces .沒(méi)有人體驗(yàn)過(guò)我的經(jīng)歷。經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)名詞）he has rich experience in teaching他有豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。World Trade Center in New York was destroyed by terrorists.紐約的世貿(mào)中心被恐怖分子摧毀了Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.當(dāng)然不是所有的歷史事件都和這個(gè)一樣恐怖。all, both, each,every與not連用時(shí)，只表示部分否定His flight around the Earth lasted abou

30、t 22 hours.他繞地球的飛行持續(xù)了大約22小時(shí)。第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn) He said I was hard-working.直接引語(yǔ): 直接引述別人的原話, 直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi). 間接引語(yǔ): 用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話, 間接引語(yǔ)一般構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句.直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，1通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said，told, asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài).2直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)原句是陳述由that引導(dǎo)（可以省略）。一般疑問(wèn)句由直由if 引導(dǎo)變陳述語(yǔ)序，特殊疑問(wèn)仍由原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。祈使句引述動(dòng)詞常用tell，ask而把間接祈使句變成帶to的不定式短語(yǔ)。3人稱變化規(guī)律（一隨主，二隨賓，三

31、不變）first of all 首先近義詞組at first/at the beginning do well in在某方面做的好 in good health 健康care for照顧，照料Hows it going? 最近好嗎？Forget to do sth.忘記做某事(還沒(méi)有做)Forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事(已經(jīng)做過(guò)了)remember to do sth.記得做某事 (還沒(méi)有做)remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事(已經(jīng)做過(guò)了)I said I didn't think it was a good idea for her to copy my

32、 homework.注意:think 用法：如果think 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其從句表示否定意思時(shí)，不是否定從句，而是否定主句。have a surprise party for sb為某人舉行一個(gè)驚喜的派對(duì)。Im not mad at Marcia anymore.我很生瑪西亞的氣。be/get mad at/with sb. 生某人的氣bring sth to sw/sb.把某物帶到某地/某人do a homework project =work on a homework project做家庭作業(yè)notany more不再 Pass on the message。傳信take a mess

33、age for sb 捎個(gè)口信（給某人）leave a message 留言call sb with a message for C打電話給某人讓他捎信給C pass sb sth (=pass sth to sb) 把傳給某人You were supposed to meet at bus stop this morning .你們今早應(yīng)該在公車站見(jiàn)面be supposed to do sth 理應(yīng)做某事；被要I finished my end-of-year exams last week and got my report card today我上周考完期末考試，今天拿到了成績(jī)單。the

34、 end-of-year exams 期末考試get ones report card 收到某人的成績(jī)報(bào)告單I always get nervous when I see the envelope from school in the mail.當(dāng)我在郵件中看到來(lái)自學(xué)校的信封，通常變得緊張。get nervous 變得不安（=be stressed out）envelope from 來(lái)自的信封She said I was lazy .他說(shuō)我很懶。“true”意為“真實(shí)的，屬實(shí)的”Its just that I find science really difficult.只是我發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)真的很難

35、Another disappointing result was in history.另一個(gè)失望的結(jié)果在歷史。disappointing,令人失望的disappointed感到令人失望的It all started when she asked me if she could copy my homework.這一切發(fā)生在當(dāng)她問(wèn)我她是否能抄我的作業(yè)。copy homework 抄作業(yè)She should do her own homework.她應(yīng)該做自己的作業(yè)。own(adj) 屬于自己的“own”不可單獨(dú)使用，只能用在所有格之后，起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用have a really hard ti

36、me with science 自然課學(xué)得很吃力have a hard time with sth/in doing sth某方面吃力或艱難start a bad habit養(yǎng)成/開(kāi)始?jí)牧?xí)慣Im sure that 我確信sound like fun to sb對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)聽(tīng)起來(lái)是件趣事the Ministry Education教育部sea level 海平面I was sure she would get over it.我相信她能原諒它。get over原諒克服從中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)She said helping others changed her life .她說(shuō)幫助他人改變了她的生活。chan

37、ge ones life=change the life of sb改變某人的生活The Peking University graduate first went there as a volunteer on a one-year program 北大畢業(yè)生在一個(gè)一年節(jié)目中首先去了那兒當(dāng)了一名志愿者。The Peking University graduate 北大畢業(yè)生as a volunteer擔(dān)任支教on a one-year program在一個(gè)一年節(jié)目中Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in Chinas rural are

38、as.每年他們都送100名志愿者去中國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)村地去任教。Fortunately，Yang Leis mother agreed with her daughters decision.幸運(yùn)的是，楊蕾的媽媽同意她女兒的決定。fortunately =luckily幸運(yùn)地“fortunately”常修飾整個(gè)句子；常放句首或句末。decision（名詞）決定make a decision to do sth 決定做某事(=decide to do sth)senior high school 高中There often isnt money for education. 通常沒(méi)有錢來(lái)接受教育。I ca

39、n open up my studentseyes to outside world and give them a good start in life.我可以打開(kāi)我的學(xué)生們對(duì)外面世界的視野并在生活中給他們一個(gè)好的開(kāi)端。open up ones eyes to the outside world打開(kāi)某人對(duì)外面世界的視open up ones eyes 打開(kāi)的眼界 / 拓展學(xué)生的視野野give sb a good start in life給某人生活一個(gè)好的開(kāi)始She said she likes being a good influence in childrens lives.她說(shuō)她喜歡在

40、孩子們的生活中成為一個(gè)好的影響。be a good influence in ones life在某人的生活中有一個(gè)好的影響make sb. do sth.使得某人做某事wild animals野生動(dòng)物 in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中的dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的Im sorry to hear that he had a bad cold last week.上周聽(tīng)說(shuō)他感冒了我真的很遺憾send ones love to sb向某人問(wèn)好rural areas邊遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit 5If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1. if條

41、件句用一般現(xiàn)在表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間2表示假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生If you do, youll 3條件狀語(yǔ)從句用if引導(dǎo)，意為“如果、假如”，主句不能用be going to表示將來(lái)，而應(yīng)用will。4注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的if與條件狀語(yǔ)從句if的區(qū)別。賓語(yǔ)從句中的if“是否”引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)態(tài)需根據(jù)語(yǔ)境確定。I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否會(huì)下雨。too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞（數(shù)量多）”much too后接形容詞“太”much too heavy 太重了too much water.太多的水be famous for表示“因而出名”

42、for后接表示出名的原因；be famous as則表示“以身份而著名”as 后接職業(yè)、身份或地位I want you to remember the rules for school parties.我想讓你記住參加學(xué)校聚會(huì)的規(guī)則want sb to do sth. 想讓某人做某事travel around the world 周游世界 half the class一半同學(xué) half an hour半小時(shí)a professional athlete  職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員begin the story with the words.以這些話開(kāi)頭講這個(gè)故事begin with “以開(kāi)

43、始take away 運(yùn)走，取走 Don't take it away.不要將它拿走make a living謀生 He makes living as a driver. 他以開(kāi)車謀生。Make a lot of money  掙很多錢 Let sb in 允許進(jìn)入let sb do sth讓某人做某事be late for遲到Becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.成為一名職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員可能似乎是一份理想的職業(yè)might (表示可能性，推測(cè)一般表示比may 較低的可能性) mi

44、ght seem like或許看起來(lái)像seem like+ 名詞 好像，似乎You'll be able to make a living doing something you love. 你能做你喜歡的事來(lái)謀生“make a living (by) doing sth ”通過(guò)做來(lái)謀生 be able to +動(dòng)詞原形“有能力做某事” Doing something you love.做你喜愛(ài)的事。People all over the world will know you.全世界的人將會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)你。all over the world （全世界）This is a great chance that many people do not have這是一個(gè)許多人所不能得到的難得的機(jī)會(huì)。have a chane to do stn有機(jī)會(huì)做某事.Watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.一直看著你，你走到哪都跟著你。all the time 一直every