高考英語短文改錯點撥與訓(xùn)練

1、高考英語短文改錯點撥高考英語短文改錯點撥與訓(xùn)練與訓(xùn)練一、短文改錯的命題特點一、短文改錯的命題特點 高考英語短文改錯取材通常是類似學(xué)生的作高考英語短文改錯取材通常是類似學(xué)生的作品，以敘述文為主，內(nèi)容相對完整，一般是品，以敘述文為主，內(nèi)容相對完整，一般是100100詞詞左右的短文，每行平均左右的短文，每行平均1010個詞左右，每行設(shè)一個個詞左右，每行設(shè)一個小題。該項考察內(nèi)容均在考試大綱規(guī)定的范圍以小題。該項考察內(nèi)容均在考試大綱規(guī)定的范圍以內(nèi)，主要包括詞匯、短語、句型和語法，并兼顧內(nèi)，主要包括詞匯、短語、句型和語法，并兼顧語篇。近幾年的短文改錯題設(shè)置的錯誤一般為，語篇。近幾年的短文改錯題設(shè)置的錯誤一

2、般為，多詞（多詞（2 2題）、少詞（題）、少詞（1-21-2題）、錯詞（題）、錯詞（5-65-6題），題），為了考查學(xué)生辨別正誤的能力，還設(shè)置了一題，為了考查學(xué)生辨別正誤的能力，還設(shè)置了一題，該行無錯。該行無錯。 二、短文改錯的命題分析二、短文改錯的命題分析 考生做短文改錯題時，首先要判斷錯誤，然考生做短文改錯題時，首先要判斷錯誤，然后才能考慮怎樣去改正錯誤。我們將以部分高考后才能考慮怎樣去改正錯誤。我們將以部分高考短文改錯題為例，談?wù)劧嘣~、少詞和錯詞對語篇短文改錯題為例，談?wù)劧嘣~、少詞和錯詞對語篇正確性的影響。正確性的影響。 1 1、多詞多詞：多詞往往影響了詞組的固定搭配。例如：多詞往往影響

3、了詞組的固定搭配。例如： a.Sudden1y, I caught a sight of my Englishteacher in the crowd_. b.I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words, I am an only child _. “catch sigh of”意為意為“看見看見”是一個固定搭配的是一個固定搭配的詞組，冠詞詞組，冠詞a a是多余的詞是多余的詞。 in other words是一個固定搭配的詞組。是一個固定搭配的詞組。 anyany多余多余2少詞：少詞往往破壞了句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。 a. The day

4、before the speech contest Englishteacher talked to me ._ b. My parents love me dear1y of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. _ English teacher前應(yīng)有限定詞，根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容前應(yīng)有限定詞，根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容“EnglishEnglish之前應(yīng)加上物主代詞之前應(yīng)加上物主代詞“mymy” 。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)在根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)在“make”make”之前加上之前加上“to”to”，“totomakema

5、kesure”sure”為不定式短語，在該句中作目的狀語為不定式短語，在該句中作目的狀語。 c. The weather wasfine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. _.該句該句whenwearrivedat the footof為定為定語從句，修飾語從句，修飾“noon”，關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)該引導(dǎo)該從句，并在從句中擔任時間狀語，根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，從句，并在從句中擔任時間狀語，根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，不能省略。不能省略。 3.3.錯詞錯詞：錯詞往往引起句法、詞法和語篇含義的錯誤。：錯詞往往引起句法、詞法和語篇

6、含義的錯誤。這類錯誤主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：這類錯誤主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面： （1 1）名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的一致，例如）名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的一致，例如： a. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I”ll get good marks in all my subject _ b. On the way up I was busy taking picture. _ （2 2）動詞的時態(tài)和非謂語動詞的形式）動詞的時態(tài)和非謂語動詞的形式 a. I remembered her words and calm down. I did a g

7、ood job and won the first. _ subjectspicturescalmedb. On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down. _ (3(3）連詞的誤用）連詞的誤用 a. Sudden1y, I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. _ b. We

8、 spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good._ passedandbut三、三、短文改錯的解題技巧短文改錯的解題技巧 1 1 進行快速閱讀，根據(jù)語感去判斷正誤進行快速閱讀，根據(jù)語感去判斷正誤 考生學(xué)了多年的英語，朗讀與背誦了一定量的課文，己初考生學(xué)了多年的英語，朗讀與背誦了一定量的課文，己初步具有了一步具有了一 定的語感。因此，快速閱讀短文有助于考生定的語感。因此，快速閱讀短文有助于考生從語篇整體上去把握該文的錯誤所在。一般說來，具

9、有一從語篇整體上去把握該文的錯誤所在。一般說來，具有一定水平的考生，快速閱讀短文一遍，發(fā)現(xiàn)幾個明顯的錯誤定水平的考生，快速閱讀短文一遍，發(fā)現(xiàn)幾個明顯的錯誤是完全有可能的。例如：是完全有可能的。例如：a. I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people. _ b. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mounta

10、in，_ thatus2 2設(shè)置多處疑點，帶著問題去判斷正誤設(shè)置多處疑點，帶著問題去判斷正誤 以上分析可以看出，錯詞主要涉及到詞在句子和以上分析可以看出，錯詞主要涉及到詞在句子和語篇中的功用，因此，如不能迅速在該行中找出語篇中的功用，因此，如不能迅速在該行中找出錯誤，可先設(shè)置幾個疑點，再逐個考慮。如看到錯誤，可先設(shè)置幾個疑點，再逐個考慮。如看到該行中的動詞，便應(yīng)考慮到該動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、該行中的動詞，便應(yīng)考慮到該動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣是否正確，該處應(yīng)該是謂語動詞還是非謂語語氣是否正確，該處應(yīng)該是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，與詞后的介詞搭配是否適當。看到該行中動詞，與詞后的介詞搭配是否適當?？吹皆撔?/p>

11、中的名詞，便應(yīng)考慮該名詞形式應(yīng)該是單數(shù)還是復(fù)的名詞，便應(yīng)考慮該名詞形式應(yīng)該是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，該詞前是否應(yīng)該加冠詞等等。數(shù)，該詞前是否應(yīng)該加冠詞等等。 改錯口訣改錯口訣改錯題，技巧多，五大問題容易錯。改錯題，技巧多，五大問題容易錯。非謂語、相關(guān)詞、動詞、名詞、形容詞、主謂一非謂語、相關(guān)詞、動詞、名詞、形容詞、主謂一致和從句致和從句先看時態(tài)大背景，背景不符時態(tài)誤。先看時態(tài)大背景，背景不符時態(tài)誤?！笆故埂眲釉~要分清，看到動詞要分清，看到V-ed V-ed 想想V-ingV-ing ，主語為人用，主語為人用-ed-ed主語為物用主語為物用-ing-ing 遇見遇見a /ana /an要想要想the th

12、e ，分清可數(shù)不可數(shù)。，分清可數(shù)不可數(shù)。But ,and But ,and 再加再加or or ，關(guān)聯(lián)詞語不可混。，關(guān)聯(lián)詞語不可混。But/however But/however 要分清，關(guān)鍵要看小逗點。要分清，關(guān)鍵要看小逗點。動詞、名詞、形容詞、作用位置看搭配。動詞、名詞、形容詞、作用位置看搭配。EitherEither否定否定tootoo肯定，肯定，alsoalso放在句中間。放在句中間。TooToo與與alsoalso可互換，需有標點放兩邊?？苫Q，需有標點放兩邊。除去之外還有余，除去之外還有余，exceptexcept改為改為besidesbesides。訪問某人要用訪問某人要用ono

13、n，訪問某地要用，訪問某地要用atat，單復(fù)同形需牢記單復(fù)同形需牢記，牛羊鹿魚和警察。牛羊鹿魚和警察。前后主謂要一致，單對單，雙對雙。前后主謂要一致，單對單，雙對雙。否定詞語放句首，句子要用倒裝句。否定詞語放句首，句子要用倒裝句。定語從句無定語從句無what,what,所有從句要成述。所有從句要成述。 V-ing V-edinterest / move / disappoint / excite /tire / inspire /encourage / frighten /shock / terrify/ inspire /satisfy / discourageS + be +3 除思維定勢

14、，分析結(jié)構(gòu)去判斷正誤除思維定勢，分析結(jié)構(gòu)去判斷正誤 思維定勢可以增加我們解題的速度，讓我們在閱讀短文時能迅速找出該行的錯誤，但有時也會影響我們的思路，干擾我們的判斷與推理。例如： a.Wherever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. _. “ think of ” 中文含義為中文含義為“常常想起我的老師常常想起我的老師”似乎是正確的，但該句邏輯意義是錯誤的，應(yīng)似乎是正確的，但該句邏輯意義是錯誤的，應(yīng)該去掉該去掉 “ often” /b. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the m

15、oment my head touched the pillow. “at the moment”是一個固定詞組，意為是一個固定詞組，意為“此刻此刻”或或“當時當時”等。而該句在短文中的實際含義為等。而該句在短文中的實際含義為“我是如此的疲倦，以至于我的頭一碰到枕頭就我是如此的疲倦，以至于我的頭一碰到枕頭就人睡了人睡了”。“thethemoment”moment”在該句中相當于在該句中相當于“正正當當 的那一剎那間的那一剎那間”（assoonas） 4 4注意句子整體，排除干擾去判斷正誤注意句子整體，排除干擾去判斷正誤 由于由于“短文改錯短文改錯”每行一般每行一般1010個詞左右，所以往往個詞

16、左右，所以往往一個完整句子會占據(jù)二、三行。有些考生視覺往往會集中一個完整句子會占據(jù)二、三行。有些考生視覺往往會集中在某一行中，忽略了該句的整體或是整個語篇的邏輯含義。在某一行中，忽略了該句的整體或是整個語篇的邏輯含義。而作者有時就會把錯誤設(shè)置在句首與上文銜接處或是句尾而作者有時就會把錯誤設(shè)置在句首與上文銜接處或是句尾與下文的銜接處。例如：與下文的銜接處。例如： Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, its famous 76_ mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.a該題的含義為該題的含義為“它是著

17、名的山脈它是著名的山脈”而不是而不是“它是著名的它是著名的”，其表語不是形容詞其表語不是形容詞“famous”famous”而是而是“a famous a famous mountain”mountain”，因此，冠詞，因此，冠詞“a”a”往往容易被忽視。往往容易被忽視。 5.5.常歸納一些改錯技巧常歸納一些改錯技巧1.1.平行現(xiàn)象平行現(xiàn)象1 1） 借助并列連詞借助并列連詞and , or , but , as well as 等引起等引起的平行現(xiàn)象。的平行現(xiàn)象。例例1. It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station an

18、d drove me to their home 例例2. I am very happy with any program but the others spent a lot of time arguing . wasdrive例例3. They did not want me to do any work at home ; they want me to devote all my time to my studies . 例例4. Charles and Manson do all these things as well as climbed the buildings . doc

19、limb二二. 借助一些固定搭配和句型如借助一些固定搭配和句型如not only but also , rather than , not but , prefer to 等表等表達平行概念。達平行概念。1.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit . 2. He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather than go into the forest and

20、 getting lost . givesget3. I prefer riding on an empty bus to ride on a crowded bus . riding三三. 借助于結(jié)構(gòu)相同、意義相近、語氣一致的三個借助于結(jié)構(gòu)相同、意義相近、語氣一致的三個或三個以上的詞組或語句并列使用，表達平行概或三個以上的詞組或語句并列使用，表達平行概念。念。1.Modern people know more about health , have better food and to live in cleaner surroundings . 2. I told Mother , Fat

21、her , Sister , all my friends here what a great time I had . liveand四四. 其它形式表示平行概念其它形式表示平行概念。1. The first thing she could do was to go up to her trainer and thanked her for all the help she had given her . 2. The watch - maker said repair the old watch would cost nearly as much as buying a new one .

22、 3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , not to make it difficult . thankrepairingmore四、短文改錯的注意事項四、短文改錯的注意事項 1 1短文改錯訓(xùn)練時不應(yīng)該把它視為單句改錯，短文改錯訓(xùn)練時不應(yīng)該把它視為單句改錯，因為單句改錯多是語言形式或是語法形式的錯誤，因為單句改錯多是語言形式或是語法形式的錯誤，而短文改錯中的錯誤則要從整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)而短文改錯中的錯誤則要從整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容考慮，往往要在不同程度上借助于語境進行判容考慮，往往要在不同程度上借助于語境進行判斷，

23、通過上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤。斷，通過上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤。2 2每年教育部考試中心印制的英語考試說明都對每年教育部考試中心印制的英語考試說明都對短文改錯的答題要求作出十分明確的說明，并附短文改錯的答題要求作出十分明確的說明，并附有規(guī)范的樣題。然而，依然有不少考生不按規(guī)范有規(guī)范的樣題。然而，依然有不少考生不按規(guī)范答題而造成不同程度的技術(shù)失分，主要失誤有：答題而造成不同程度的技術(shù)失分，主要失誤有： 1 1、只在右邊的橫線上答題，而忽視了在左邊、只在右邊的橫線上答題，而忽視了在左邊的短文上注上的短文上注上2 2、左右邊的符號不規(guī)范，甚至用文字來說明。、左右邊的符號不規(guī)范，甚至用文字

24、來說明。3 3、左邊短文中改動的標記過多，難以辨認正、左邊短文中改動的標記過多，難以辨認正誤。誤。 以上這類問題在平時訓(xùn)練時就應(yīng)該給予足以上這類問題在平時訓(xùn)練時就應(yīng)該給予足夠的重視。夠的重視。 單句練習(xí)單句練習(xí)I.I. 時態(tài)與語態(tài)時態(tài)與語態(tài)1.I remembered the whole thing as if it was happened just yesterday.2. The party the students had been looking forward to being held yesterday evening at last.3.The thief has caugh

25、t climbing over the garden wall.4.Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978._was_was5.In the past two years he made great progress in maths.6.Im sorry to say that I fail in English exam this time.7.A man who named James made it in 1892.8.He found that a bag of corn had stolen fr

26、om his house. has_failedwas beenII. 固定搭配固定搭配1.We called at Mr. Smith yesterday.2.The novel is very worth reading.3.She has been married with a man with little money for ten years.4.The policeman caught the thief by his arm.5.Though he has worked for ten hours,yet he felt not a little tired. _ on _we

27、ll_ to _ the _ bit三、代詞前后一致三、代詞前后一致1.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.2.We found some wood and carried them back to the cave.3.This pair of shoes is a bit tight.Show me another one.4.Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of hers.5.At the beginning of the basketball match,th

28、e team were not sure of himself.6.Your clothes are dirty.You should change it now._ their_ it_pair_theirs_ themthemselvesIV.主謂一致主謂一致 1.Early to bed and early to rise are a good habit. 2.There are a chair and some desks in the room. 3.The old likes to look back upon the old days.4.Collecting stamps n

29、eed a lot of money. 5.Those who wants to come raise your hands please. _is_is_like_needs_want即時檢測（一）即時檢測（一） 下面各句中有一處錯誤，請選出。下面各句中有一處錯誤，請選出。1.Taking care of their grandson bring them great joy. A B C D2.Help yourself to eat some bananas,Bob. A B C D3.Ive read most of the book.The rest of them are bori

30、ng. A B C D4.Dont worry about me.Mike and his family is so kind A B C to me.D brings/booksare5.Soon a cool wind started to blow and black clouds were A B C covered the sun. D6.When I tried to sit up, I felt a pain on my back and could A B C not moved. D7.Put the little plants in the shade so that th

31、e sun wont A B C burn it. D/movethem8.The woman who had caught stealing stole a A B C Dwatch.9.Anyone who breaks the law will be put in the A B Cprison. D 10.This pair of sunglasses are beautiful.I like it A B C Dvery much.been/is即時檢測（一）即時檢測（一） My favorite sport is football.I was a member of 1._our

32、school football team.We practise for three times 2._every week and often watch football match on TV 3._together.Play football not only makes us grow up 4._tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play 5._and team spirit.We must keep in mind that we play 6._ for the team instead ourselves.Als

33、o,the sport 7._teaches us the important of obedience(服從服從). Each 8._player must obey captain,who is the leader of 9._the team.And they must not break the rules too 10._often if we want to win the game._am for_ matches_Playing_givesof_importance the_ we 即時檢測即時檢測（二）（二） After I finished the school this

34、 year,I began 1._to look for work.Now several month later,I still 2._hadnt found the job that I was interested .Last Sunday 3._morning I received a phone call from a man calling him 4.Mr.Smith.He said to me on the phone, “I hear you do 5._very well in your studies.I may have a job for you.” 6._I ent

35、ered his office with a beaten heart.How I hoped 7._that I will go through the job-hunting talk today and he 8._would take me on as a lab assistant.But to my surprised, 9.-what he said disappointing.He only needed a model. 10._in_would_himselfthe_months_did_beating_surprisewas The Problem with Televi

36、sionNow I cant watch much television but a few years ago 1._I was used to watch it every night. I was often 2._a little tired after a days work and watch TV 3._demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are 4._too many people among my family.Some wanted 5._to see the programme while others preferred 6._another.I am happy with any programme but 7._the others spent a lot time arguing and there 8._was no way of settling the matter