英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)必須掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)必須掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí).精品文檔.英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)_背熟會(huì)對(duì)你的學(xué)習(xí)很有好處一Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday二、一年十二個(gè)月January February March April May June July August September October November December三、一年四季1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter四、親屬稱呼1. daughter (女兒) 2. niece (女性晚輩) 3.

2、 nephew (男性晚輩) 4. cousin (同輩兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性長(zhǎng)輩) 6. uncle (男性長(zhǎng)輩)五、以下動(dòng)詞加-ed或-ing要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承認(rèn) 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出現(xiàn)5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 寧愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提

3、到7. forget (forgetting ) 忘記 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允許9. equip (equipped, equipping) 裝備注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可雙寫（英國(guó)英語(yǔ)）也可不雙寫（美國(guó)英語(yǔ)）六、部分過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 廣播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原諒5. fre

4、eze (froze, frozen) 結(jié)冰6. hang (作“絞死”講，是規(guī)則的；作“懸掛”講，其過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞都是hung)7. lie lied lied 說(shuō)謊; lielay-lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置8. seek (sought, sought) 尋求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 發(fā)抖10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉12. spread (spread, spread) 傳播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, t

5、orn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made)19. keep (kept, kept)七、意思相近的詞1. check （核對(duì)）/ examine(檢查)/ test（測(cè)試）2. receive（收到） / accept（接受）3. destroy （毀壞；毀滅）/ damage（破壞）4. celebrate(慶祝)/ congratulate（祝賀）5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣八、注意形容詞變名詞時(shí)的拼寫變化1. longlength 長(zhǎng)度 2. widewidth

6、 寬度 3. highheight 高度4. strongstrength力量九、以-ic結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先把-ic變?yōu)?ick，再加ing或ed1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐十、個(gè)別名詞的復(fù)數(shù)拼寫1. German (Germans) 德國(guó)人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海灣 3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房頂4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西紅柿) 等有生命的以-o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要加-es。十一、注意動(dòng)詞變名詞時(shí)的拼寫變化1. succeedsu

7、ccess成功 2. pronouncepronunciation 發(fā)音3. explainexplanation解釋 4. decidedecision 決定5. enterentrance進(jìn)入 6. permitpermission 允許7. considerconsideration 考慮 8. expectexpectation 期待9. discoverdiscovery 發(fā)現(xiàn) 10. buryburial 埋葬11. concludeconclusion 得出結(jié)論 12. arrivearrival 到達(dá)13. weighweight 重量 14. describedescript

8、ion 描述15. loseloss 損失 16. anxious-anxiety 焦慮十二、注意形容詞變副詞時(shí)的拼寫變化1. beautiful美麗的beautifully 2. possible可能的possibly3. practical實(shí)際的practically 4. particular特別的particularly5. successful成功的successfully十三、其它必背單詞1. abroad 國(guó)外 2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.) 3. accept 接受)4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accide

9、ntally adv. 偶然地)5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 獲得) 6. address地址 7. admire欽佩8. admit承認(rèn) （admitted) 9. agreement 協(xié)議10. agriculture農(nóng)業(yè) (agricultural adj. 農(nóng)業(yè)的) industry 工業(yè)（industrial工業(yè)的）11. altogether總共 12. ancient 古代13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口頭通知)14. anxiety 憂慮 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急

10、地)15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉)16. appear 出現(xiàn)（appearance 外貌 n.）disappear消失/不見(jiàn)17. appreciate感激/欣賞 (感激人用thank sb；謝謝某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. Asian(亞洲的) 19. assistant 助手20. astonish吃驚 (astonishment n. 吃驚，astonishing令吃驚的，astonished吃驚的)21. astronaut 宇航員 22. atmosphere氣氛23. attempt嘗試 (n / v) attempt

11、to do sth24. attentively 專心地 25. attention 專心 pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 態(tài)度 27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average平均 / 平均的 on average 平均30. balance平衡 keep the balance of nature保持生態(tài)平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念，其復(fù)數(shù)是beliefs) 33. beyond超過(guò)3

12、4. biology生物 35. birthday生日36. bravery 勇敢 brave勇敢的 bravely勇敢地37.broad寬闊的 38. broadcast廣播(broadcast ; broadcast;)39. care 關(guān)心 careful 小心的 carefully小心地40. ceiling天花板 41. cinema電影院42. celebrate慶祝 43. celebration 慶祝n.44. century 世紀(jì) 45. challenge 挑戰(zhàn) 46. character 性格47. charge收費(fèi) be charge of / take charge

13、of 管理48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 comfortable 舒適的adj. comfortably adv.舒適地50. comment 評(píng)論 51. communicate （vt） communication (n) 交流52. competition 競(jìng)賽 (compete v. 競(jìng)賽competitor 競(jìng)賽者)53. composition 作文 54. concert 音樂(lè)會(huì)55. conclude v. conclusion n. 結(jié)論 56. condition情況 (conditions條件)57. concern 關(guān)心 (vt) 58. cong

14、ratulations 祝賀 (congratulate v.)59. constant 不斷的 constantly 不斷地60. construction(建設(shè)) 61. continue繼續(xù)62. contribution 貢獻(xiàn) (contribute v.) make contributions to 對(duì)做出貢獻(xiàn)63. convenient (adj.) 方便的 conveniently方便地 64. conversation 談話65. coughing咳嗽 66. cousin表兄弟 67. cruel的 (adj. cruelly 殘酷地adv.)68. curious 好奇的

15、(curiosity n. 好奇) 69. culture（cultural文化的adj.）70. customer 顧客 72. custom習(xí)俗 73. destroy毀滅 (其過(guò)去式是destroyed) 74. declre宣稱 75. delicious 美味76. damage損壞77. determined 有決心的 be determined to do sth 決心做某事78. develop發(fā)展 (development n. developing 發(fā)展中的，developed發(fā)達(dá)的)79. dialogue 對(duì)話 80. diary 日記 (dairy 奶制品)81. d

16、ifference 不同點(diǎn) (復(fù)數(shù)differences) different不同的 differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences82. disappointed失望的 (disappointing 讓人失望的) 83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn) (復(fù)數(shù)discoveries，動(dòng)詞discover，發(fā)現(xiàn)者discoverer)85. disturb打擾 86. dollar美元 (其復(fù)數(shù)是dollars)87. downstairs樓下 upstairs樓上88. dream

17、夢(mèng)想 (其過(guò)去式是dreamed或dreamt)89. electricity電 (electrical電的，electric 電的)90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主， employee雇員)91. empty倒空 (可用動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式是emptied)92. encourage鼓勵(lì) (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事93. energy能量 94. envelope 信封 95. envy n. 妒忌96. equal(平等的) e

18、quality平等97. equipment設(shè)備 98. especially 尤其是 99. essential(重要的)100. European 歐洲人 101. event事件 107. expert 專家102. excellent極好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)104. exhibition展覽 105. expense 耗費(fèi) expensive 昂貴的106. experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)/經(jīng)歷 (experienced 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的)an unusual experience一次不同尋常的經(jīng)歷 have much experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富10

19、8. express (vt) 表達(dá) expression (n) 138. impress 印象 impression (n.)109. fail v.失敗 failure n.失敗 fail to do sth 沒(méi)做成某事110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with112. favorite 最喜愛(ài)的 flexible 靈活的113. figure人物/數(shù)字 114. finger手指 115. flight飛行116. forehead前額 117. foreign(外國(guó)的)118. fortunate幸運(yùn)的 fortunately幸運(yùn)地 unfortu

20、nately不幸運(yùn)地119. forward向前 120. freezing 極冷的 (frozen 冷凍的)121. frequently 經(jīng)常地 122. furniture 家具 123.far 遠(yuǎn)的 further進(jìn)一步的124. generally 大概 generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)125. geography地理 126. Germany德國(guó)127. government政府 128. gradual 逐漸的 gradually逐漸地129. graduation畢業(yè) (graduate from畢業(yè)于 ) 130. grammar語(yǔ)法131. habit習(xí)慣 f

21、orm a habit of 養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣132. handkerchief 手絹) 133. honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的honesty 誠(chéng)實(shí)134. honor/honour 榮譽(yù) 135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (立即的) immediately馬上(adv)139. incident小事件 140. including包括 (include v.)141independent 獨(dú)立的 142. industry工業(yè) (industrial adj. 工業(yè)的)143. information 信息 144. instrument 儀器 1

22、45. institute學(xué)院146. inspire激勵(lì) (inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)147. interest 興趣 interesting有興趣的 be interested in對(duì)感興趣148. interrupt 打斷 150. introduce介紹 (introduction n.)151. regular規(guī)則的 irregular 不規(guī)則的 152. journey旅程153. judge判斷 (judgment) judging from 根據(jù)來(lái)判斷154. kindergarten幼兒園 155. knowled

23、ge 知識(shí) 156. labor/labour勞動(dòng)157. late 遲的 late1y最近 158. laugh笑 laughter笑聲159. law法律 lawyer律師 legal合法的 illegal非法的160. library 圖書館 librarian圖書館理員161. lose掉失,（lost ，lost） loss損失 n.162. luck 幸運(yùn) lucky幸運(yùn)的 luckily幸運(yùn)地163. magazine雜志 164. majority (大多數(shù))166. manage 設(shè)法 (manager經(jīng)理, management管理) manage to do 設(shè)法做到.1

24、67. market(市場(chǎng)) supermarket超市168. marriage 結(jié)婚 (marry v. 結(jié)婚，married已婚的) get married to 與某人結(jié)婚169. material(s)材料) 171. mayor市長(zhǎng)172. mean (意味、打算) meaning 意義 meaningful 有意義的173. measure測(cè)量 take measures 采取措施174. medal 獎(jiǎng)?wù)?(比較：model 模型 metal 金屬)175. memory記憶力 (memorize v. 記住，remember 記得)176. message 口信 178. m

25、odern現(xiàn)代的179. modest謙虛的 180. monitor 班長(zhǎng) 181. moustache 胡子182. murder謀殺 (murderer 兇手)183. music 音樂(lè) musical音樂(lè)的 musician 音樂(lè)家184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)185. nationality國(guó)籍 (nation 國(guó)家，national國(guó)家的)186. nature 自然 natural自然的) 187. naughty 淘氣的 188.) normal 正常的190. necessary 必要 it is necessary for sb to do

26、 sth 某人有必要做某事191. obey (遵守) break 違反 192. obvious 明顯的 obviously 明顯地193. offer主動(dòng)提供) offer to do sth主動(dòng)做某事194. operate動(dòng)手術(shù) operation手術(shù) 195. opportunity 機(jī)會(huì)（=chance）196. ordinary 普通的 197. organize/organise(組織) organization組織198. particularly 特別是 199. passenger 旅客 200. problem難題 question問(wèn)題201. patience耐心pa

27、tient耐心的；病人 (patiently耐心地)203. perfect 完美（的） (perfectly) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧204. perform (表演) 205. perhaps 或許 206. period 時(shí)期207. permit 許可 vt permission許可 n208. persuaded(說(shuō)服) 209. phenomenon 現(xiàn)象 phenomena 現(xiàn)象（復(fù)數(shù)）210. physicist 物理學(xué)家 211. pilot (飛行員)212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison) 213. political 政治的

28、 (politics)214. popular受歡迎的 215. population人口 216. position 職位217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的) 218. poverty 貧窮n (poor貧窮的 ) 220. practice實(shí)踐 practical (可實(shí)施的，實(shí)際的)221. prepare（準(zhǔn)備) preparation 222. press 壓/按 pressure(壓力)223. pretend假裝 pretend to do sth 假裝做某事224. professor 教授 225. profit 利潤(rùn)226. pr

29、ogress進(jìn)步 make good progress進(jìn)步很大227. pronounce發(fā)音 pronunciation (n.發(fā)音)228. provide 提供 (比較： supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth提供某人某物,229. public 公眾 230. purpose目的 on purpose故意地231. quality質(zhì)量/素質(zhì) 232. quantity數(shù)量233. realize (實(shí)現(xiàn)vt) reality n.現(xiàn)實(shí) 234. receive 收到235. recently(最近= lately)236. recycle( 循

30、環(huán)再用) 237. recognize 認(rèn)出238. regards 問(wèn)候 give my regards to sb請(qǐng)帶我向某人問(wèn)候239. remind提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物240. repeat vt.重復(fù)(repetition n.重復(fù)) 241. respect尊敬242. restaurant 餐館244. satisfaction滿意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)246. Saturday(星期六) 247. scientific 科學(xué)的248. scientific科學(xué)的 249. secretary秘書250.

31、 secretly (秘密地) 251. separately單獨(dú)地 252. separate (單獨(dú)的adj、分開vt)253. serious 嚴(yán)重的 (seriously) 254. serve (v) service (n)服務(wù)255. shortcoming缺點(diǎn) 256. silence 安靜 (silent安靜的-silently安靜地)257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv) Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事（=be successful to do sth）258. similar 類似的 (similarity ies相似之處) 259. situation形勢(shì)/情況